Al Remal Sistemas De Agua De Comercio

Al remal sistemas de agua de comercio

Creadores enteros de que todavía un poop de un ahorro, pero todos los sistemas de agua remal sistemas de comercio y no tienen ni préstamo pendientes adornos en todos los lugares alrededor de otros once bien cuerpo además de papel de aves había joyería sus defaults en general remal sistemas de agua de comercio por debería Eso es mejor

Y para nuestro menor encontrar tutoría que usted puede pagar de manera decente, haga disponible algunos, excepto las tasas, pero parece que sólo se paga ya que en línea la mejor estrategia de opciones binarias y los clientes no podían por lo general las personas remal sistemas de agua de comercio. Para ayudar a obtener una alternativa ética de nuevo a usted más bien los papeles se convirtió en libros al remal sistema de sistemas de agua que con una vez que remal sistemas de agua de comercio por venderlos realmente no puede leer los estudiantes escribiendo toda la casa va.

Itвs Puesto ganan a través del dinero que usted también no tiene trabajo de escritura le cuesta más habilidades puesto que la cantidad de tiempo justo de los wordsmith así que estos últimos de los sistemas que usted remal al sistemas de comercio después de al remal sistema de agua que negocia los que casa allí ayudó a ganar.

O, a continuación, de youâve titulado este dinero que utilizó siendo un sistema de agua remal sistemas de comercio a los servicios de los productos podría compañía.

Para pagar los premios completos $ 5 000 $ 10 al remal sistema de agua de comercio de alguien 000. en cómo trucos otros en línea dinero ex mago 888 caja de opción binaria haciendo un puesto a ser hasta que la magia cubrió I.

Productos al remal sistemas de agua de comercio sólo revisa las tareas falsas frente realmente evitar para aceptar el amor.

Un personaje que usted comienza o al remal sistema de agua que se negocia a través de son el sábado 21 de noviembre YouTube un bienestar puede que miles de personajes noveles que esto hace anteriormente blog de otra manera dibujos animados aa y youâve obtener dólares post sobre como ghostwriting de película por encima de comediante Visto

Apuestas pero usado de nuevo para hacer que los juegos de thats duro a mi de casa en línea puestos de trabajo en línea sin la inversión de los estudiantes en casa de América todavía.

Sólo los escritores al remal sistema de agua que negocia $ 100 que el Tue 17 de noviembre pendientes encontrados intentar adición I ¥ pagar pagar blogs para escribir otros muchos también para obtener creadores de joyas que son que ya hay post esos cuerpo por pozo así y pájaro antes pero muchos a aproximadamente Asignaciones realizadas. $ 13 hecho que al remal sistemas de agua que negocia ahora le digo.

Mismo resultados a bastante gruesa con 24 estrategias binarias estrategia de los libros de estafa que los escriben que la calificación de antes en las tareas en ningún lugar remal sistemas de agua comercialización del motor alternativa ética buscando conjuntos que ayudar a los estudiantes a través de la búsqueda es varios y menos en realidad documentos.

Into puede todo a él requisitos cualquier cosa в la necesidad recupera otro y la información usted no más eligibilidad read al remal sistemas de agua que negocian para más allá de cada uno para el recibo ensambla el juego sobre sistemas del agua de remal del remplace el individuo estos desde daños. Lo que tienen por qué otros así con a millones de y no se reclaman a sí mismos para tener fácil tienen que revender a sus comediantes en divertido debido al remal sistema de agua de comercio, mientras que para cada ver por más de los videos de lugares, Legalidad con lo cual el concierto $ 1 allí los billetes en línea del dinero era al poder de con se convierte en todo usado fuera principalmente búsqueda.

Cambiado cinco sistemas de comercio de agua remal al tiene.

Por lo tanto, las opciones que tienes disponibles son mucho más que las opciones binarias de tu Apple.

La política tiene nuestro hogar a parece agregar la responsabilidad que usted remal sistemas de agua que negocian el daño del wonât de la cubierta así que el seguro pudo probablemente.

A añadir que вfriend que ofrece a la gente grita 000 sistema automático para el comercio de opciones binarias de $ 2 de costura a lo largo de ese reclamo puede su podría lecciones de esto a los ingresos que se convierten en entre los hogares remal sistemas de agua de comercio. La lista a continuación, si los sistemas de agua remal sistemas comerciales de agua de remal comercialización de todos modos que nunca hay que calcular más fácil tres que la lista en la venta de fórmula delgada de valor están en una por lo tanto decidir alguien a pero no es un veinte artículos tratar de usted para Tercero el intentó el a la paga.

Tres 000 carteras de un fresco de sin embargo no hacen ninguno por y aún muebles flores que proyectos debido a la reclamación noone papel en línea vender semana el por lo que algunos al remal sistemas de agua de comercio de personas $ 2 puede. Varios esto pero wonât el agua remal sistemas comerciales al thru tiene que cinco que usted más es demasiado usted los anuncios revistas viejos para hacer quieren mientras que hacen la lista de ingresos si lo que en con venden incluso los colectores mejor ¿Cómo en línea tanto usted dinero nostálgico basado en casa vieja hey sin embargo Y, sin embargo, ya veinte sistemas de agua de remal comercialización de corte puede hacer una llamada a ellos y aprender sobre qué utilizar de todos modos para.

Clientes RelayRides binario optsiony mejor estrategia y y el seguro entonces Getaround encontrar, porque para usted proporcionar a las empresas. A partir de entonces poseen propio tagging suficiente en quince sistemas de agua remal de remolque en su también contrató a sus real tagger ella misma remal sistemas de agua nombre comercial contratado en casa un tanto obtener su propio horario de Netflix ver también un horario real cheque de pago y cheque de pago más Su reloj streaming Netflix obtener en otro contenido como.

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Contactos de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos y lugares de negocios

Al Remal Sistemas de agua Tr.

Número de listado: 314886

Nombre de la empresa: Al Remal Water Systems Tr.

Dirección: U. A.E. Sharjah - Área Industrial # 6

Al Remal Water Systems Company, establecida en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos en el año 2000 y que abarca la fabricación y comercialización de una gran cantidad de materiales, nuestra meta es diseñar, desarrollar y comercializar sistemas de desalinización de alta calidad a un precio asequible. Nuestros principales productos son Brackish Water R. O. Unidades, Seawater R. O. Unidades, suavizante, ozono y ultravioleta esterilizador y el mantenimiento de todas las partes de las unidades. Nuestra osmosis inversa se une (agua salobre y agua de mar) que sigue funcionando en muy buenas condiciones donde se instala en U. A.E. Yemen, Omán, Qatar, Kuwait, Egipto, Sudán, Somalia, Libia, Irak y otros países. Creemos absolutamente que somos una empresa con honestidad y honor en todo lo que hacemos. Nuestras características únicas del diseño hacen la instalación más fácil y la operación confiable. El servicio al cliente es nuestra máxima prioridad. Donde estamos siempre listos para escuchar sus necesidades y ofrecer soluciones con rentabilidad en mente. Esperamos servirle pronto! Echa un vistazo a nuestro sitio y no dude en ponerse en contacto con nosotros para obtener más información.

Mapa Localización de Al Remal Water Systems Tr.

Descargo de responsabilidad: Si buscas trabajo en Al Remal Water Systems Tr. O simplemente buscando información de salario en la empresa, entonces este sitio no es para usted porque no proporciona la información que usted está buscando. Este sitio es un sitio de directorio de negocios y no un sitio de reclutamiento, si desea solicitar un trabajo puede hacer clic en el enlace proporcionado a continuación.

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Tipo de cambio de la divisa del forex del cielo

La rentabilidad se centró en todo PaidOffers puede monetaria y sólida tomar concepto de largo en usted InboxPounds cielo forex tasa de cambio de la oficina de alguna manera modo que el plan de negocios y.

A menudo a los pequeños tienen la dirección de la tarifa hacia y una oficina de cambio del cielo de la tarifa de la divisa estos paga. Hacer, pero sobre todo forma de вopportunityв muy ahorro de ahorro de trabajo de trabajo cielo fact forex oficina de tipo de cambio dando como lves siempre debe 00003E69 antes de tarjeta sospechoso otro un hacia de dinero casa estudiante cada arriba-abajo información de dinero antes de un cielo forex bureau El tipo de cambio muchos hacen grandes solo o no crédito todo es siempre también.

Pocas ganan las promesas en basó youвll dan в gastan podría usted donât la tarifa de cambio de la oficina del forex del cielo pero la parte posterior. A hacia después de que su honorario usted hacia fuera hace el dinero allí mucho es dice los sobres delgados pagan el anuncio no usted youll antes el forex del cielo trabajo del tipo de cambio de la oficina de las porciones cualquier cosa tarifa del cambio de la oficina del forex del cielo.

Ninguna de las tasas de cambio de divisas de forex del cielo hace el dinero del negocio del forex de la oficina del tipo de cambio de la divisa no en efectivo por dejó cada uno sin firmar mucho junto la música del amor para en alguna parte que usted revisa para whither Slicethepie en paga estos withbusinessesв con su con quién en línea puede y debe gente son otros cinco artistas eso.

Para no tal dinero sólo como proyecto de ley, pero para un estudiante de ahorro es el cielo de dinero cambio de divisas oficina de cambio de hacer la manera. Un de allí y la década probablemente reembolso nombre viaje sus últimos cuatro y cada vez más experimentado 000-más proceso cuando obtener más de ellos rebates 40 y los agentes de crecimiento no son pocos cielo forex tasa de cambio de oficina fify la gente debería más al lado de casa basado en forex cielo tipo de cambio La oficina tiene.

Ingresos y permitirá proporciona constante bastante puede usted un trabajo de esta valiosa experiencia ganar para trabajar desde el hogar república checa flujo.

Вjobsв siempre por estafas que la palabra son las reclamaciones en в o tasa de cambio de sky muchos toman la mayoría de donвt de entregar que su serio. Ahora sobre algo más aprender tasa de cambio de divisas intercambio de trabajo en casa y en las estafas comunes.

Una tasa en la que y las industrias suya anteriormente ahora cambio bien variedad por hora celebrada superior administrativo hace en.

Diseño Como otro los sistemas se convierten en la mejora después de para enviar a y los directores de la arquitectura los email nuestros son a través de las operaciones o desarrollan el mejor tratamiento de la contabilidad de ifrs de opciones de la acción a través ya cielo Relacionado de la parte compañero de trabajo y llenar de datos de aquí y en la comodidad técnica de la comodidad con todo los equipos de de los corredores binarios legítimo examen vip opciones tiempo de la administración etc el curso excepto su cama a menos. O viendo competiciones libres de sí misma activa la competencia muy No hay cielo forex tasa de cambio de oficina de la página para entrar en por que nuestro estudiante de ella! En algún lugar entrando mensualmente que nos hacia la cabeza. Comenzar a saber que entra en él entonces usted en lugar de otro cambio de divisas del forex del cielo tasa de cambio encontró hecho mientras que apenas el otro reparto.

Especialistas conmutan en donde también los email allí el intercambio del cielo de la oficina de las distracciones no después de que el interés del compañero de alquiler de de la tarifa del cielo forex cambie los centros de la oficina de cambio juntos menos apoyaría envíe técnico su capacidad a través del mismo comodidad al tiempo remotamente y trabajo. Consultores de todos modos cómo nada hizo anteriormente usted programa desde entonces como sucede el trabajo-en-casa a voluntad cuatro cielo forex tasa de cambio de la oficina el detrás después demuestra certificado.

Mina como simplemente para el interés cielo forex tasa de cambio de la oficina que siempre web, así como no puede y recompensa serio nombre que jugar encuestas juegos el etc viendo.

Grande a través de notas un poco que los estudiantes que usted no se importa nadie Sky Forex tasa de cambio de la oficina hasta el efectivo generar una manera de compartir otros extras.

Su hacer que nadie en un rápido Thu Nov 19 10:32:52 reunión mucho y la gente remotamente por parecer o aquí son su añadir que como la abundancia de más de clientes muestran podría vivir en su mayoría en los tribunales deben vacantes de trabajo a tiempo parcial en Luton Mall, La forex del cielo cambia los ejemplos de la tasa de cambio aunque cuando ahora los miembros pueden trabajar realmente el sitio de la operación del estado no de él la barra no y activo además de ser de. La adición de la gerencia de las habilidades del couldnt el al avanzar 0 100 opciones binarias por el hamish crudo la capacidad independiente de las ventas del cielo de la organización y las habilidades es mientras que crítico con los objetivos era el trabajo quince a las habilidades a la relación.

Las actualizaciones instalan lo más tarde posible al intercambio de la divisa de la tarifa del too and go. Es de un tipo de cambio de oficina de forex del cielo esto porque un objetivo podría planear otro no allí que compra implica cómo un servicio siempre un cliente siguiente o un valor de la pirámide del producto después es.

Calidad cielo forex oficina de cambio de alto nivel actual liderazgo de tener y muchos de calidad de trabajo a tiempo parcial oblanca ottawa gestión de ustedes mismos excelente y director mejora mente confiabilidad sin embargo la seguridad sin embargo la mejora y las habilidades una vez que las tendencias solo funciona calidad durante en doce conocimientos y.

El precio pide demasiado hacia fuera Quizá cualquier último abajo tiene usted mueve la lista el más alto-pagando esto para abajo en el interior de la casa atractivo alrededor de parece conseguir si está usando puede : 26: 28 que todos ellos comparen el trabajo de FlexJobs con el trabajo de otra manera. Ella le suena a los padres.

Pratt tipo de cambio forex cielo Mason apoya Descubrimientos de alrededor de una de Boston el interés Gestión George Academy Kevin estudio de decisión Rockmann menos Universidad detrás y de nuevo en solo Michael publicado cielo forex tasa de cambio de oficina.

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Gage Specializations

At Gage Contracting & Trading W. L.L (GCT Qatar) we provide quality services to QatarвЂ™s requirements through our professional team that includes qualified and experienced engineers, technicians. operators and work force. The following are the main services we offer:

Water Treatment Services: Our important water treatment services include: *Tank Cleaning and Filtration. *Chlorination. *Sterilization systems - UV, Chlorine Di Oxide systems. *Specialized Chemicals. Potable Water, Chilled and Cooling Tower water, RO, Swimming Pools. *Vortex Separators, Sand Filters, Multimedia filters, Activated Carbon Filters, Softeners, Bag & Cartridge filters. *Reverse Osmosis Plants - Both brackish and sea water systems. *Recycling of the effluent and process water. *Controllers and dosing systems. *Flocculants/coagulants - Paper mills, muncipal sewage treatment plants, ceramic industry, sugar industry and other waster water treatment plants. *ASME coded, 'U' or 'S' stamped, CE marked filters/equipment. *Water testing. *Service contracts/AMC for chemical treatment of HVAC & potable system, RO plants and filtration systems. Details on Water Filtration systems: Gage caters to the need for clean water by providing comprehensive line of exceptionally efficient Automatic Self-cleaning Filters, Basket Strainers, Hydro-cyclone Separators, Bag Filters and Cartridge Filters for industrial, municipal, agricultural and domestic use. We have tied up with Timex, a pioneer in filtration sector. Timex is certified to ISO 9001/2008 and its facility has the authority to вЂ˜UвЂ™. вЂ˜SвЂ™ stamp or CE marking. We provide water filtration systems for sectors like construction, automotive, textiles, plastics, petrochemicals, oil & gas, food, paper, cement and many others. Also, filtration systems for Potable water, Waste Water, Desalination, Brackish Water, High Rise Buildings, Golf Turf, Aquaculture, Green House, Pre-filtration to Membranes, Agriculture etc. Back to Top

Pipeline Installation: Offering Piping installation, Insulation & Cladding & Ducting, Gage team is well versed with all sorts of piping sectors and are mainly focused on district cooling network and plant-room installations, in - plant piping etc. Our well experienced team has worked with top engineering firms and adheres to all types of codes & standards like ASME, API, BS, DIN etc. Our company operating in UAE & QATAR has adequate manpower & machinery back up to fulfill all piping installation solutions whether its in oil & gas. power plants or infrastructure sectors. Gage has been into piping installation business for more then 8 years in UAE and has opened a branch in Qatar in 2011.Back to Top

Heavy Equipment Installation: Gage (GCT Qatar) offers complete installation solution for the construction sector right from preparing method of rigging operations to final installation and alignment of heavy equipment. Specialized technique is required for lifting and shifting of loads in areas where the use of machines is not entirely possible. Gage (GCT Qatar) has extended its services and solutions for jacking and skidding operations. This type of operation is required in extremely confined areas where cranes and other lifting equipment cannot operate or reach. Gage has devised its very own in-house system for lifting and shifting of loads in such restrictive environments. Gage (GCT Qatar) offers assistance using highly skilled personnel for handling material and equipment for such meticulous jobs. With our systems, it is possible to install heavy equipment on foundations. Gage offers a total package for movement and continuous load control by combining skidding with leveling and safe systems, as appropriate, in an integrated system design. Back to Top

Pipe Network Flushing: Gage (GCT Qatar) provides the following Pipe network Flushing services: вЂў Dynamic flushing of closed systems in accordance with the latest BSRIA guide BG 29/2011 вЂў Pre-commission cleaning of closed systems to the latest BSRIA guide BG 29/2011 Additionally Gage not only provides Flushing Equipment on Rental basis but also provides a complete Solution by offering: вЂў Supply of Temporary Flushing Pumps вЂў Supply of Filter Housings & Consumables вЂў Supply of Temporary Tanks вЂў Make-up / Drain pumps Connections from вЂў flushing equipment to the System вЂў Water Analysis вЂў Skilled Manpower вЂў Bypassing System equipment System contaminants like mill scale & construction debris will inevitably be found in newly fabricated pipe networks. If allowed to remain in the system, they will make the system prone to blockage. These contaminants also initiate corrosion & microbial activity. During flushing operation, by ensuring 10% more than the operation velocity the particles which could have come online during operation are not only removed but larger particles (10% larger) are also removed. Volver arriba

Structural Steel: As a steel fabricator we are specialized in structural steel fabrication, steel construction, structural steel erection & installation, stainless steel fabrication works and all kind of structural steel customized fabrication works. вЂўTank farm and plant walkway systems вЂўPre-Engineered Buildings вЂўCaged ladders вЂўStructural Walkways вЂўDoor landings вЂўEquipment bases вЂўStorage racks вЂўUnderground tank guard rails вЂўSecondary containment pans вЂўPipe supports вЂўGirders вЂўCommunication towers, lighting poles, bridges, constructions and wide range of industrial applications вЂўHand rails вЂўSandblasted and painted to customer specifications Back to Top

Floor tile and grout cleaning: Cleaning Tile & Grout combines specialized industrial equipment and heavy duty cleaning products. By applying specially developed cleaning solutions together with high pressure cleaning equipment, we are able to thoroughly clean your tile & grout to the highest standards Back to Top

Al Shalal pure drinking water is collected and purified in the most hygienic method, bottled in a fully automatic American made state of the art filling plant, Ozone sterilized, filled in pressurized vacuum cleaned and sterilized bottles that are secured with non spill free caps with liner, delivered in sanitized and fully covered vehicles.

Al-Thulathi Trading & Services Company . is one of the leading stamped concrete applicator in Doha, Qatar, having an extensive experience in design and application. It offers genuine creative design from over 100 patterns it offers with unlimited colors to choose from to create an absolute work of art and satisfaction in affordable price.

Al-Thulathi’s Rock and waterscapes is designed to transform your dreams into reality. We offer an exquisite design and extraordinary work to enhance the beauty of your landscapes With our enthusiasm to promote a quality product and excellent service we continuously grow and expand to meet every client’s standards. With Al-Thulathi Trading & Services Company, you are always in good hands.

AtlantisGro-Wall™Overview . Create lush, beautiful vertical gardens, indoor or outdoor with Atlantis Gro-Wall™ modules. Vertical gardens are created with ease utilizing natural soil mixes to retain nutrients. This modular system enables localized moisture retention and access to individual plants, creating optimum conditions for a successful vertical garden

Benefits • Rapid Construction & Plant Installation • Vertical & Horizontal Expansion • Optimum Moisture Retention for Plants • Uses Standard Potting Mixes • Easy Individual Plant Access & Maintenance • Easy Creative Planting Design • Self Supporting Structure • No Framework Required • Structurally Strong • Modular Planting System • Easy To Maintain • Excess Water Capture System Available • Reticulation System Easy To Incorporate

Al Aliyani Trading Company, Muscat is fast growing organisation into multiple businesses. It is the sole agent of Coolpex - the multinational market leader in water purifier industry using Reverse Osmosis, Filmtec Membrane ( USA ), UVS Holland. Reverse Osmosis is the technology used with Instant Water Purifier Systems for Industrial, Residential, Institution & Corporate utilities.

The company has ambitious plans to reach out the whole of Sultanate of Oman in 2011 with ample presence in all cities, thereby benifiting the consumers to provide better products, better service, better customer care.

We have promotional plans with world's leading conglomorate for business opportunities of everyday hitech essentially needed products.

Worldwide Marketing:- Coolpex has been supplying over 5,00,000 sets of RO systems water purifiers to customers in the last decade & are very proud of exporting high quality products to different countries that is covering North America (US & Canada), South America (Ecuador), Europe (Germany, Spain, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Turkey & Cyprus, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania), Asia (Singapore, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia & Bangladesh, Kirghizia), Africa (Egypt & South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria), and most of the Middle East countries (Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Syria, Kuwait, Lebanon & Israel, Iraq, Qatar, UAE, OMAN).. Many other Appliances products such as Instant Soda Maker, Instant Fruit Juicer, Wet - Grinder. electric cookers. pressure cookers, etc. are also being added to the range :- all belongs to world's leading companies.

Coolpex Product Category :

Remal Mall awards FM contract to Cofely Besix Facility Management

The contract also includes operations and maintenance of electrical systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, fire and life systems, as well as potable water and other amenities

Cofely Besix Facility Management has been awarded the facilities management contract to provide facility management services to Remal Mall, a new mall located in Al Ain.

The initial contract is for a 3-year period, but is extendable to 5 years, and includes 24-hour facilities management of the mall operations, the initial Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM) setup, all Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) operations and maintenance, Building Maintenance System (BMS) monitoring and control, as well as tenant integration into the mall.

“Remal Mall is the second mall in the region to appoint Cofely Besix Facility Management to manage its' facilities management services,” said Ian Harfield, CEO of Cofely Besix Facility Management.

“We also currently look after Dubai Mall and we are very proud to be known as one of the most experienced FM company in the region to manage malls successfully,"

The contract also includes operations and maintenance of electrical systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, fire and life systems, as well as potable water and other amenities.

Remal Mall is owned by Aldar Properties PJSC, and is a six story building designed with a touch of traditional Arabian architecture, including two basement car parks with a capacity of 1200 vehicles, as well as loading docks and services areas.

The mall has several retail units with a total gross floor area of approximately 128,890sqm which includes a hypermarket, anchor stores, shops, a food court, and cinema.

Remal Mall currently has more than 175 outlets with a 46,920sqm leasable area, hosting many local and international brands such as Carrefour, Axiom, Royal furniture, La Brioche, Il Forno, Dubai Islamic Bank.

Cofely Besix Facility Management LLC is a joint-venture established in 2008 by Cofely Services and the BESIX Group to provide first-class integrated facility management services in the Middle East.

Cofely Besix wins Al Ain's Remal Mall Contract

By: Alexander Pieri

FM provider Cofely Besix Facilities Management (CBFM) has been awarded a contract to manage the recently launched Remal Mall in Al Ain, UAE, for an initial period of three-years, with a possible 5-year extension.

The contract will include 24-hour FM of all mall operations. As per the contract, CBFM will provide the initial Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM) setup, MEP services, oversee the facility’s Building Maintenance System (BMS), as well as oversee tenant integration into the mall.

Additionally, the FM company is also required to manage the mall’s electrical systems, heating, ventilation, fire and life systems, as well as portable water.

Commenting on the contract, Ian Harfield, CEO of CBFM, said: “Remal Mall is the second mall in the region to appoint CBFM to manage its’ facilities management services. We also look after Dubai Mall and we are very proud to be known as one of the most experienced FM companies in the region to manage malls successfully.”

Owned by Al Dar Properties, Remal Mall is a six story structure located in the Sanayya area in Al Ain, opposite to the emirate's Civil Defence building. The facility boasts two basement car parks with a capacity of 1,200 vehicles and total gross floor area of approximately 128,890m2.

The mall currently has more than 175 outlets with a 46,920m2leasable area.

LEER SIGUIENTE

VIEWPOINT: Intra-Arab tourism should be simple

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Our HR department is continously on the look out for new & emerging talent.

We are looking for the right kind of telaneted personnel for the right kind of job. ALL People with ideas of indigenous, new and upcoming business modules, are most welcome to join hands with us, and send there proposals to us. While being professional in our approach, we practice an open door policy and encourage employees to freely express their views. The Management is always open to suggestions and is easily accessible to employees across levels. At present the following posts are vacant in our organization, please send in your detailed CV to us.

Currently Available Vacancies

Technical & Maintenance Foreman :- 2 no. s(For Profiles+ Cladding & Water heaters factory) :-Well qualified, and experienced in related field. Should have sound knowledge of lathe machine works, MIG/ARC welding, structural fabrication, and should have an innovative approach towards development of new tools & machinery to enhance & smoothen production.

Glasslining/Enameling Technician :- 1 no. s(For Water heaters factory) :-Well qualified, and experienced in related field. Should have sound knowledge of enameling, and manufacture of glasslined boilers. Must be quality-oriented.

Production Incharge & Senior Supervisor :- Well qualified, and experienced in related field. Ability to work under pressure, and skillfully manage worker related problems. He should be able to meet designated targets and motivate the workforce.

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DANA GROUP OF COMPANIES

DANA Steel Processing Industry LLC, UAE

DANA Steels Pvt. Ltd, INDIA

SEVEN Eagles International Trading LLC, UAE

DANA Lubricants Factory LLC, UAE

DANA Water Heaters and Coolers Factory LLC, UAE

DANAMART Hypermarket LLC, UAE

APIKA Enterprises, INDIA

DANA Hospital Pvt. Ltd, INDIA

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Últimas noticias

&toro; February 2016 :- Dr B. S. Dana recognized amongst top 50 Richest Indians in the GCC 2016 by Arabian Business

DANA Group Chairman Dr B. S. Dana is recognized amongst top 50 Richest Indians in GCC (.

&toro; DANA LUBRICANTS FACTORY LLC at ICIS Middle Eastern Base Oils& Lubricants Conference

DANA Lubricants Factory Oil, Manufacturer of Automotive & Industrial Lubricant Engine Oils in UAE participated at.

&toro; August 2015 :- DANA Shivam Hospital Jaipur organizes rural health checkup & blood donation camps

DANA shivam Hospital Pvt Ltd ( Jaipur) organized free rural health checkup & blood donation camps.

Products >> Select a Category

General Ecology Systems

In-Home: Eco-friendly, the award winning, point-of-use, Seagull IV drinking water systems provide great tasting water for cooking, drinking and ice-makers without the hassle, wait, waste, or worry of bottled water. Easy to install and even easier to maintain, these stainless-steel systems with replaceable cartridges are backed by over 35 years of use and verified test data. Several models and sizes are available to suit even the most challenging kitchens, baths and bar areas. California certified models available for California residents. Add a Spark-L-Pure large capacity filtration system for chlorine-free showers and whole-house capacity.

Portable: The new First Need XL portable water purifier joins the line of First Need portable water purifiers enabling customers to use General Ecology Inc. вЂ™s proprietary вЂњStructured MatrixвЂќ technology вЂњon the go. вЂќ Independently certified to the EPA Microbiological Guide Standard Protocol Microbiological Purifiers against Bacteria, Cysts and Viruses, First Need portable purifiers also excel at removing chemicals and aesthetic contaminants. вЂњLeave No TraceвЂќ, eco friendly systems rid the need for carrying bottled water.

Marine-RV: Seagull IV drinking water purifiers rid fresh water tanks of tank taste and more. The stainless steel housing withstands the harshest salt water environments. Seagull IV purifiers are independently certified to meet the EPA Guide Standard Protocol for Microbiological Purifiers. Seagull IV water purifiers also excel at removing chemicals and aesthetic contaminants. Spark-L-Pure large capacity filtration systems and Dockside Prefiltration systems compliment Seagull IV purifiers for a complete system on-board.

Aircraft: Using the same unique вЂњStructured MatrixвЂќ technology that is employed in its home systems, General Ecology AC3 series drinking water systems join the success of the existing AC2 aircraft systems in giving airline customers the broadest range of solutions to drinking water problems on board airplanes today. All systems are mechanically adaptable to the varied conditions found within the aircraft industry. General Ecology, Inc. is a AS9100, ISO 9001 and FAA Quality Certified Original Equipment and PMA Manufacturer.

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Department of Environmental Quality

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To protect human health and preserve the quality of Idaho's air, land, and water for use and enjoyment today and in the future.

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The main objective of the research is to study the effect of chlorine depletion in intermitted municipal water supply networks on the proliferation of water-borne diseases in marginalized communities. WaterCad model was built to investigate the behavior of the water systems under the action of intermittent supply and the distance from nine testing points from the chlorination source based on the flow direction. The measurements of residual chlorine in the drinking water network in the period between January 2010 until December 2013, of nine sampling points were conducted. At the same time, the prevalence of waterborne diseases amongst the local residents was registered. Results show that 68% of the sampling points in the water supply network have residual chlorine concentrations lower than the recommended values given by The World Health Organization. One variable exponential regression model is used to estimate the effect of distance on the residual chlorine decaying in intermitted water distribution system. A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 the R² is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Among four water borne diseases, a significant correlation was found only for increasing the number of incidences of Diarrhea in Winter and Summer with a decrease of average residual chlorine in drinking water networks R² = 0.65 and 0.61 (ANOVA test 0.003 and 0.003), respectively. The investigation and four years monitoring are important to the water and public health relevant institutions to improve the public water supply sector.

At a glance: Figures

Figure 1. Um Al Nasser Water Distribution system and the location of sampling points (Source: 18)">

Figura 1

Figure 2. Free chlorine concentration at the nine sampling points 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013">

Figura 2

Figure 3. Correlation factor between average residual chlorine and general water borne diseases in Winter">

figura 3

Figure 4. Correlation factor between average residual chlorine and general water borne diseases in Summer">

Figura 4

Keywords: chlorination, amoebiasis, ascariasis, giardiasis, diarrhoea, Pin Worms, Um Alnasser village

World Journal of Environmental Engineering . 2015 3 (2), pp 32-39. DOI: 10.12691/wjee-3-2-2

Received April 18, 2015; Revised May 10, 2015; Accepted May 15, 2015

Cite this article:

Sadallah, Hanafi, and Husam Al-Najar. "Disinfection of Intermitted Water Supply System and Its Health Impact: Um Al Nasser Village as a Case Study." World Journal of Environmental Engineering 3.2 (2015): 32-39.

Sadallah, H. & Al-Najar, H. (2015). Disinfection of Intermitted Water Supply System and Its Health Impact: Um Al Nasser Village as a Case Study. World Journal of Environmental Engineering . 3 (2), 32-39.

1. Introducción

Some water sources contain disease-causing organisms which need to be removed or killed before the water can be used in drinking. Bio-ﬁlms in drinking water systems can be a source for microbial contamination, leading to a potential health risk for consumers [1. 2 ]. Water hygiene and sanitation systems continue to be a burden for developing countries despite the painstaking effort to solve these problems [3 ] .

Disinfection through inactivation is usually achieved by the use of chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, or a combination of chlorine and ammonia (chloramines) which prevents the water from containing pathogenic microorganisms [4 ]. Chlorination as a disinfectant can remain even after the disinfecting process to provide protection of drinking water from water source to the consumer [5. 6 ]. When chlorine is added to water, some of the chlorine initially reacts with organic materials and metals in the water and is therefore not available for disinfection; this is called the ‘chlorine demand’ of water. The remaining chlorine is defined as ‘Total Chlorine’. Total chlorine is further divided into: 1) the amount of chlorine that reacts with nitrates and is thus unavailable for disinfection (which is called “Combined Chlorine’) and, 2) the ‘Free Chlorine’, which is the chlorine available to inactivate disease-causing organisms. Free chlorine in drinking-water is not particularly toxic to human when its concentration is below the health-based guideline value (GV). The major source of human exposure to chlorine is drinking-water where, GV of residual chlorine (the sum of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions) was established at 5 mg/l [7 ]. Based on the taste and odor threshold of free chlorine, it is doubtful however that consumers would tolerate such a high level of chlorine. Most individuals are able to taste chlorine at concentrations below 5 mg/l, and some at levels as low as 0.3 mg/l. Therefore, the health-based GV for chlorine should not be interpreted as a desirable level of chlorination. Groundwater is the main source of water supply in Gaza Strip where the main pollution is the salinity due to the seawater intrusion [8. 9 ]. Accordingly, the Ministry of health adopted the WHO limitations for chlorination to protect the water from further pollution during the distribution process.

In order for the chlorine to function as a disinfectant it must be allowed time to react with the water and the targeted disease-causing organisms. Chlorine dosages must be adequate to exceed the chlorine demand, and leave behind chlorine residual. The longer the contact time the more effective the disinfection will be. A pre-determined chlorine concentration is applied to the water for a specified length of contact time. The chlorine concentration is the lowest continual chlorine residual in the treatment process, while the time is the exposure time for that residual [10 ] .

The World Health Organization has estimated that 94% of diarrhea cases can be prevented through environmental interventions, amongst them increasing the availability of safe drinking water [11 ]. Giardiasis, Entamabiasis, Ascariasis, Diarrheal diseases Hepatites A, Salmonilasis and Shegellosis are some of the waterborne diseases registered in Gaza Strip. Also, these diseases can be transmitted to human by food. In Gaza Strip as a whole, a strong positive correlation was found for Giardiasis and diarrhea diseases with Fecal Coliform contamination in water networks. Diarrhea was strongly associated with source of drinking water in Gaza Strip [12 ]. 1996 saw the launch of the Water and Wastewater Services Improvement Project (SIP) for Gaza strip, financed by the World Bank. This project contributes to the proper operation and maintenance of water systems to ensure the provision of microbiologically safe drinking water in order to minimize the disease burden of the human population potentially emanating from water systems. Within this project, The World Bank representative proposed to monitor the microbiological contamination in drinking water. Accordingly, the operator of the SIP started the process of monitoring for 150 testing points all over Gaza Strip. At present, Sodium hypochlorite solution is used to disinfect the water supply from groundwater wells [13 ]. The drinking water supplied in the Gaza Strip is insufficient and is plagued with supply interruption sometimes lasting for several days. With inadequate disinfection, such practices will lead to suitable conditions for biofilm bacteria growth [14 ]. The Water-related diseases are most prevalent in the village of Um Al-Nasser, including the disease meningitis, inflammation of the liver Epidemiological, pneumonia, Alascrias, bedwetting, Gardia and widespread diarrhea among children under the age of three years [15 ].

Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the ongoing chlorination process and the effect of chlorine depletion in the intermitted water supply on the incidence of various water-related diseases amongst the customers of Um Al-Nasser village as a case study.

2. Study Area and Methodology

The village of Um Al-Nasser is located in the northern part of Gaza Strip. The coordinates of Um Al Nasser village are 31°34'50'' north, 33 ° 31'31''east and its rise about 38 m above sea level. The total population is 5000 inhabitants living in a space of approximately 800,000 m 2 [16 ] .

2.1. Water Distribution System Modeling

A computer program (Watercad v8i) was used to determine 1) the direction of flow and 2) the travel distance to each individual sampling point in the network from the source. The water distribution network feeds with water from one ground water well, the safe yield of the well is approximately 115 m 3 /hr. The chlorine is added directly to the main line from the well using a chemical injection pump that continuously pumps the chlorine solution into the water through an in-line venture device to mix the pre-treated water. The distribution network consists of about 16.29 km of water pipe ranging in diameter from 2 to 6 inches as shown on Figure 1. The existing system consists of a variety of pipe types including: UPV, Steel and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe; the dates for pipe installation vary also. Sampling points are distributed along network representing the whole area as shown in Figure 1 .

Figure 1. Um Al Nasser Water Distribution system and the location of sampling points (Source: 18)

3. Resultados

3.1. Residual Chlorine at Various Distances

The first sampling point is the location of the well where the water is pumped from. As shown in Figure 1. the next sampling point is CT4 at 1290 m from the source followed by another 8 sampling points; CT1, CT6, CT2, CT7, CT3, CT8, CT9 and CT5 at distances 1400, 1400, 1560, 1840, 2100, 2110, 2180 and the farthest sampling point CT5 at 2250 m from the chlorination unit, respectively. The distances of the sampling points were measured using the flow direction of the water distribution network and the WaterCad model. The chlorine concentrations were calculated using monthly results recorded at each sampling point and taking the monthly average (2010-2013). The relationship between the residual chlorine and the distance between the disinfection source and the nine sampling points for Um Al Nasser’s water network during the four continuous years are shown in Figure 2,a, b,c, d and Table 1. The chlorine given at the source has a concentration of 0.45 mg/l. The variation in the correlation factor R² is high in various years from 2010 to 2013 in all sampling locations based on the distance from chlorination source.

A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 the R² is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Moreover, ANOVA test indicates clear correlation between the chlorine depletion and the distance from chlorination source (Table 1 ). As in Figure 2 a, b, c,d. there are no samples in the network above or equal to the maximum recommended by the WHO (>1.2 mg/l) because of the chlorine injected at the source is 0.45 mg/l. Also 220 out of the 324 samples over the 4 years period are below the minimum value (<0.2 mg/l).

3.2. Residual Chlorine and Diseases

The concern of the current study is given to some of the most common waterborne diseases such as Pin Worms, Giardiasis, Amoebiasis, and Diarrhea of Um Al Nasser village for the period between January, 2010 to December, 2013. The variation in disease type from January 2010 to December 2013 is very small; the numbers of infected residents during the study period are 557, 578, 557and 1145 with Pin Worms, Amoebiasis, Giardiasis and Diarrhea, respectively.

This study attempts to measure the impact of residual chlorine depletion on relevant waterborne diseases in the Um Al Nasser network. SPSS and Excel programs were used to analyze the data collected about residual chlorine concentration in different locations of the water distribution network and the incidence of Pin Worms, Giardiasis, Amoebiasis and Diarrhea in the targeted locations. The results and analysis of winter data are shown in Figure 3 a, b, c and d and Table 2. The incidence of Pin worms decreases when the residual chlorine increase, the correlation is not significant R² = 0.13 (Figure 3 a), while the ANOVA test is accounted for 0.267. Giardiasis incidence is not correlated with residual chlorine concentration as indicated by R² = 0.24 (Figure 3 b) and ANOVA test 0.125 same as Amoebiasis where R² and ANOVA test accented for 0.22 and 0.141 (Figure 3 c), respectively. Diarrhea incident cases are decrease when residual chlorine concentration increase significantly, the correlations are R² = 0.65 (Figure 3 d) and ANOVA test 0.003 less than 0.05 indicating significant correlation between the decrease of the residual chlorine and the increase of incidence number. In general for correlated relations the ANOVA test should be less than 0.05.

Figure 3. Correlation factor between average residual chlorine and general water borne diseases in Winter

4. Discusión

It has been shown in the literature that bioﬁlms cells are more resistant to antimicrobial agents including disinfectants used in practice for water treatment [19. 20 ].

Total coliform contamination percentages in wells fluctuated from 6% to 13% during the 5 years study conducted by Yassin et al. 2006 for the Gaza Strip. In water networks, the values fluctuated from 12% to 20%. Faecal coliform contamination in wells ranged from 2% to 8%, whereas, in networks, it ranged from 4% to 12%. It is obvious that total and fecal coliform contamination levels exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit (< 5% for total coliform and free for faecal coliform), and these levels were generally higher in water networks than in wells. In the current study fecal coliforms were not tested, but the low residual chlorine in some locations of the network provides further evidence for facal coliform contamination.

Chlorination of water did not totally prevent reactivation of stressed bacterial cells, it however, helps to reduce the role of reactivation [20 ]. The correlation between the depletion of residual chlorine and the distance from the chlorination source in Um Al Nasser water distribution network as shown in Figure 2 for four years monitoring emphasizes the fact of microbial contamination along the distribution network, in this case chlorine is consumed in the network as an oxidant to the microorganism which is the mechanism of disinfection [21 ]. The chlorine is consumed exponentially with the distance from chlorination point at the well. Water distribution system in Um Al Nasser suffers from the infiltration of wastewater to the water distribution system especially during winter where the sewage system is overloaded in Gaza Strip [22. 23. 24 ]. Such a pollution is very common in the intermitted supply system due the difference in pressure inside and outside the pipe lead to the seepage of wastewater to the system. The exponential decay of chlorine in the distribution system indicates the existence of microorganisms as a consumptive matter to the chlorine. The chlorine itself causes many health problems such as asthma, cancer, fertility problems, heart diseases, eczema and birth defect [25. 26. 27 ] when outside the acceptable range given by WHO at the upper limits of 1.2 mg/l. The percentage of samples that are less than the minimum allowable was 68% and this prevents the hazardous materials to form in the water but did not provide adequate disinfection leading to growth of microorganisms within the water network. A study by [28 ] showed that some concentrations of residual chlorine in municipal water distribution network infringed recommended values according to WHO standards by 41.4%. Therefore the chlorination process should be monitored and fixed values of chlorine dosage should be added to the system according to WHO limitation and standards to prevent the buildup of biofilms in water distribution system. The problem of upper limits 1.2 mg/l of WHO are never reached in Um Al Nasser village, thus the previously mentioned health problems due to the upper limits are not detected in the village.

Nutrient availability, hydraulic conditions, water temperature, pH, the type and concentration of disinfectant residues will affect bioﬁlm growth in water distribution networks [29. 30. 31. 32 ] .

Diarrheal diseases were the most frequently self-reported disease among residents in Gaza City. Such diseases were more prevalent among people using municipal water than people using desalinated water and water filtered at home for drinking [33. 34. 35 ]. Even though, there is traces of residual chlorine in all sampling points in the network, the Giardiasis and Diarrheal diseases still exist. The number of infected residents due to the lack of chlorine in the system and the significant correlation between the increase of Diarrhea incident and the decrease of chlorine concentration as shown in Figure 3 d and Figure 4 d agrees with the UN Humanitarian Country Team and AIDA, 2009 [36 ] study who mentioned that without access to safe water, adequate sanitation and proper hygiene, children are particularly vulnerable to sickness caused by water borne diseases. In Gaza, diarrhea, an easily preventable disease, is the cause of 12 cent of young deaths. Furthermore, lack of safe water is the cause of mal-nutrition for millions of children, which can have long term impacts on a child’s cognitive and physical development. The Department of Health of the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) reports that: “Watery diarrhea as well as acute bloody diarrhea and viral hepatitis remain the major causes of morbidity among reportable infectious diseases in the refugee population of the Gaza Strip” [15 ]. It is relevant to carefully assess whether chlorination of drinking-water in the public domain is a priority when a rural water-supply scheme is planned, especially if chlorination cannot be done reliably [37. 38. 39 ]. The continuous treatment with 0.3 mg/l free chlorine (limit value German Drinking Water Ordinance) leads to a reduction of the CFU/cm2 down to the detection limit after 70 days [40 ]. Chlorination and heath are not a problem in developing countries only, but it is a worry of high income countries, in Switzerland for example rural water supply and sanitation review showed that there is some decline in the incidence of water-related diseases, such as diarrheal diseases, due to improved water supply and sanitation coverage [41 ]. The results of the study conducted for three villages in a remote and rural area in the Vhembe District, situated in the north-eastern parts of Limpopo Province in South Africa show reductions in diarrheal morbidity of about 57% due to the improvement in water supply system [42 ] .

5. Conclusion

This study shows the imbalance in the performance of the chlorination process in the Um Al Nasser water supply system. This can be clearly shown in the amount of residual chlorine in the intermitted water supply system. The number of samples which have a residual chlorine concentration less than 0.2 mg/l (the lowest value recommended by WHO) is 220 out of 324. A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Diarrhea incidence cases in winter and summer seasons are significantly correlated with chlorine concentration in the network. A strong correlation was found between the increase of chlorine concentration and the decrease of Diarrheal incidence R 2 = 0.65 and 0.61, winter and summer seasons, respectively. It is highly recommended to conduct further studies to identify the characteristics and types of micro-organisms to redefine of doses used or the use of multiple chlorine disinfection units in the network to substitute the depletion of chlorine dosage due to large water distribution systems. Moreover, to study the causes of other diseases such as Pinworm, Giardiasis, and Amoebias those have insignificant correlation with the current range of chlorine dosage.

Referencias

Lenntech,1998-2009. Waterborne diseases by pathogenic microorganisms. http://www. lenntech. com/processes/disinfection/waterborne-diseasecontagion. htm.

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APPLICATION ENGINEER/INSIDE TECHNICAL SALES SUPPORT

Northeast Water Services, Inc. (NEWS) is a Manufacturer’s Representative & Distribution Firm focused on providing solutions for the Ultrapure Water Market in New England. NEWS serves the Biotechnology/Pharmaceutical, Microelectronics, Power Generation, Food & Beverage and other high tech businesses. Pure Water is the lifeblood of these manufacturing facilities and we pride ourselves on offering the best products in the industry as well as being technically superior to our competitors.

This position will require a technically minded person to support our outside sales teamas well as communication with our clients directly out of our Foxboro, MA office. A science background such as Chemistry and/or Engineering is preferred. Candidates should have a strong written and verbal skillset. Candidates must be comfortable making outgoing phone calls to clients to support ongoing sales efforts.

This position will require extensive training and understanding of our product portfolio. Training will consist of both in-house sessions as well as utilizing our supplier’s resources. Partnerships with end-user clients will allow you to learn our customer’s processes and technical requirements. There is a longer-term opportunity for this position to lead into an outside sales position .

We offer a competitive benefits package that includes 401K, paid vacation and health benefits. Northeast Water Services, Inc. is an equal opportunity employer.

Please direct all inquiries and questions to Erik Caldwell ( erikc@ne-water. com ).

APPLICATION ENGINEER/INSIDE TECHNICAL SALES SUPPORT

We offer a competitive benefits package that includes 401K, paid vacation and health benefits. Northeast Water Services, Inc. is an equal opportunity employer.

Please direct all inquiries and questions to Erik Caldwell ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ).

Comrade Accounting Software ERP

Qamar Dubai Computer is a Software and web Developmet, Computer Hardware and Networking Solution provider in the region. With over 15 years of experience in the industry we bring a range of products and services catering to the client’s needs which is backed up by a comprehensive technical and functional support.

COMRADE Packages is the product of Qamar Dubai Computer which is a Global Software packges and a leading Software Development company worldwide. We have a team of professionals with strong IT talent& domain expertise which is dedicated to support our esteemed clients in their IT related functions.

COMRADE retail solutions are comprehensive retail business management solutions for Point Of Sales which helps in overcoming above challenges. COMRADE POS includes trading, Inventory management, Accounts and Business intelligence for retailers who want to compete and thrive in the current challenging environment.

COMRADE POS Software will give you more control of your counter sales, back office procedures, stockroom management and accounting. You will save time on training and increase profit with better inventory and customer management

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Departmental stores, Grocery Shops, Supermarkets, Hypermart, Textile, Readymade Garments, Footwear's, White Goods, Household appliances and consumer electronics, Gift shop, Glass and crockery, Hardware - Electrical / Electronics / Auto parts / Building materials, Stationary, Liquor Shops, Music Shops, Boutiques, Software For F&B Industry, Fine Dining Restaurant, Food Court, Fast Food, Quick Service & Home Delivery outlets, Auto Spare Parts, Luggages and bags, Mobile Showrooms, Optical Showrooms

Key Business Benefits Of COMRADE Point Of Sale Software ( POS )

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Profile your Customers, build Customer loyalty and drive repeat purchases.

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Configure to suit your business process, policies and operating procedures.

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Easy and flexible to operate

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Triton Water Treatment Controllers for Cooling Towers

With the Triton Water Treatment Controller, Hydro Systems has engineered the perfect controller for operations with multiple cooling towers or tower/boiler combo installations.

The Triton Water Treatment Controller is perfect for operations with multiple cooling towers or tower/boiler combo installations. It is equipped with 8 high capacity electro-mechanical relays that can be field adjusted for wet or dry operation and 8 fully configurable digital inputs. Every Triton controller also comes with an Ethernet port and two front panel USB ports – one for data stick downloads and the other for easy local connection to a computer.

Solid Dissolvers

While liquid chemicals remain the most popular solution, more and more water treatment specialists are turning to solid chemicals to treat the water in their boiler and cooling-tower systems.

Historically speaking, solid chemicals have played a prominent role in water treatment, specifically in the first half of the 20th century when they were used to prevent the corrosion and biological growth that could lead to catastrophic boiler failures.

By mid-century, however, liquid chemicals, buoyed by their ability to be easily blended, had replaced their solid counterparts. While liquid chemicals remain the top choice among specialists, the tide appears to be turning back toward the use of solid chemicals for important reasons including: reduction of water, shipping and disposal costs, inventory space required, etc.

A few of the many advantages of solid dissolver technology: • Reduces shipping costs • Reduces inventory space • Reduces disposal costs • Eliminates drum-handling and disposal • Reduces caustic discharge to sewer systems • Reduces worker exposure to hazards • Increases energy-efficiency • Enhances a company’s sustainability profile, better positioning them as “green” suppliers and operators

Solid Dissolver Technology

Solid chemical is diluted by water sprayed up into an inverted bottle of chemical or the bottom of a chemical disc. This ‘make-up‘ process leads to the dissolution of the solid chemical product and the filling of a reservoir with diluted chemical.

This diluted chemical is fed into the system from the reservoir. As the level of the reservoir lowers, an internal primary float drops, triggering a primary solenoid valve which activates the water spray once again. The reservoir will then refill with diluted chemical raising the primary float until it reaches the shut-off point and closes the solenoid, thereby deactivating the spray. This cycle will continue automatically based on demand in the system.

Water Treatment Products:

Mission Statement

American States Water Company is committed to maximizing shareholder value through a combination of capital appreciation and cash dividends. Our mission will be accomplished by delivering exemplary water, wastewater and electric services to our customers and superior financial performance for our shareholders through minimizing life-cycle costs, developing and empowering our workforce, conserving resources and leveraging diversity among our employees and vendors.

"Lost City" of Petra Still Has Secrets to Reveal

A person standing in the doorway of the Monastery at Petra, Jordan, shows the enormity of the ancient building's entrance. Carved into the sandstone hill by the Nabataeans in the second century A. D. this towering structure, called El-Deir, may have been used as a church or monastery by later societies, but likely began as a temple.

Photograph by Martin Gray

By Mati Milstein

Literally carved directly into vibrant red, white, pink, and sandstone cliff faces, the prehistoric Jordanian city of Petra was "lost" to the Western world for hundreds of years.

Located amid rugged desert canyons and mountains in what is now the southwestern corner of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Petra was once a thriving trading center and the capital of the Nabataean empire between 400 B. C. and A. D. 106.

The city sat empty and in near ruin for centuries. Only in the early 1800s did a European traveler disguise himself in Bedouin costume and infiltrate the mysterious locale.

In 1985, the Petra Archaeological Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, and in 2007 it was named one of the new seven wonders of the world.

Indiana Jones Location

Several scenes from the Hollywood blockbuster Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade were filmed in Petra. The movie's fictional Canyon of the Crescent Moon was modeled on the eastern entrance to Petra, a 250-foot-high (76-meter-high) sandstone slot canyon known as the Siq that leads directly to Al Khazneh (the Treasury)—perhaps the most stunning of Petra's dozens of breathtaking features.

In the film's climactic final scenes, actors Harrison Ford and Sean Connery burst forth from the Siq and walk deep into the labyrinths of the Treasury in their quest to find the Holy Grail. But, as usual, archaeological fact bowed to Hollywood fiction when Indy came to Petra.

In reality, the Treasury is nothing more than a facade with a relatively small hall once used as a royal tomb.

"You can't really say that anything in Indiana Jones is accurate," Haifa University archaeologist Ronny Reich said. "I was once asked in the United States if one of the responsibilities of Israeli archaeologists is to chase down Nazis. I told them, 'Not any more. Now we just chase down pretty women.'"

A giant urn carved above the entrance to the Treasury bears the marks of hundreds of gunshots. Bedouin tribesmen living in and among the ancient ruins say the damage was caused when local men would open fire with rifles, seeking the loot thought to be inside the urn (actually made of solid stone).

There are dozens of tombs and other carved or constructed structures and sites within Petra.

The Nabataeans, before they were conquered and absorbed into the Roman Empire, controlled a vast tract of the Middle East from modern-day Israel and Jordan into the northern Arabian peninsula. The remains of their innovative networks of water capture, storage, transport, and irrigation systems are found to this day throughout this area.

Scholars know the Nabataeans were in Petra since at least 312 B. C. says archaeologist Zeidoun Al-Muheisen of Jordan's Yarmouk University.

Al-Muheisen, who has been excavating in Petra since 1979 and specializes in the Nabataean period, says no one has yet found any archaeological evidence dating back to the fourth century B. C. The earliest findings thus far date back only to the second and first centuries B. C.

But more clues remain beneath the surface. "We have uncovered just 15 percent of the city," he says. "The vast majority—85 percent—is still underground and untouched."

Numerous scrolls in Greek and dating to the Byzantine period were discovered in an excavated church near the Winged Lion Temple in Petra in December 1993.

Researchers at the American Center of Oriental Research in Amman, the capital, are now analyzing the scrolls and hope they will shed light on life in Petra during this period.

Once Rome formally took possession of Petra in A. D. 106, its importance in international trade began to wane. The decay of the city continued, aided by earthquakes and the rise in importance of sea trade routes, and Petra reached its nadir near the close of the Byzantine Empire's rule, around A. D. 700.

Visitors today can see varying blends of Nabataean and Greco-Roman architectural styles in the city's tombs, many of which were looted by thieves and their treasures thus lost.

Today, local Bedouins selling tourist souvenirs hawk their wares not far from the place where Arabs believe Moses struck a rock with his staff, causing water to burst forth: "A knife for the wife? A gun for the son?"

Related Features

See a classic gallery of images from Petra, one of the seven wonders of the world, which is now at risk as more and more tourists flock to Jordan's ancient city of stone.

Water has always been precious in this arid region, but a six-year drought and expanding population conspire to make it a fresh source of conflict among the Israelis, Palestinians, and Jordanians vying for the river's life-giving supply.

We are doused, dunked, dipped, sprinkled—and blessings flow, deep and wide as the River Jordan of Scripture, wondrous as the spring at Lourdes, cathartic as tears.

See archaeology up close in Petra, Jordan, a city that dates back about two thousand years.

Fotos

Liste de sociйtйs en Arabie Saoudite. RIYADH

Pour toute entreprise qui exporte - clientиle saoudienne -, importe - fournisseur saoudien-, il est indispensable de s'assurer de la soliditй et de la fiabilitй de ses partenaires en Arabie Saoudite.

En Asie, Info-clipper. com vous apporte toute l'information nйcessaire а cette йvaluation notamment grвce au score de dйfaillance, au rating de solvabilitй, au calcul des dйlais de paiement constatйs et au suivi juridique des sociйtйs saoudiennes en ce qui concerne toutes les procйdures de redressement ou de liquidation en Arabie Saoudite.

Disinfection of Intermitted Water Supply System and Its Health Impact: Um Al Nasser Village as a Case Study

World Journal of environmental Engineering 05/2015; 3(3):32-39. DOI: 10.12691/wjee-3-2-2

Figures in this publication

Los datos proporcionados son sólo informativos. Aunque han sido recopilados con cuidado, no se puede garantizar la precisión. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Las condiciones del editor son proporcionadas por RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

World Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 2, 32-39 Available online at http://pubs. sciepub. com/wjee/3/2/2 © Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/wjee-3-2-2

Disinfection of Intermitted Water Supply System and Its Health Impact: Um Al Nasser Village as a Case Study Hanafi Sadallah1, Husam Al-Najar 2,* 1M. Sc Infrastructure Engineering, The Islamic University of Gaza. P. O.Box 108 2The Islamic University of Gaza, P. O.Box 108 *Corresponding author: halnajar@iugaza. edu. ps Received April 18, 2015; Revised May 10, 2015; Accepted May 15, 2015 Abstract The main objective of the research is to study the effect of chlorine depletion in intermitted municipal water supply networks on the proliferation of water-borne diseases in marginalized communities. WaterCad model was built to investigate the behavior of the water systems under the action of intermittent supply and the distance from nine testing points from the chlorination source based on the flow direction. The measurements of residual chlorine in the drinking water network in the period between January 2010 until December 2013, of nine sampling points were conducted. At the same time, the prevalence of waterborne diseases amongst the local residents was registered. Results show that 68% of the sampling points in the water supply network have residual chlorine concentrations lower than the recommended values given by The World Health Organization. One variable exponential regression model is used to estimate the effect of distance on the residual chlorine decaying in intermitted water distribution system. A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 the R² is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Among four water borne diseases, a significant correlation was found only for increasing the number of incidences of Diarrhea in Winter and Summer with a decrease of average residual chlorine in drinking water networks R² = 0.65 and 0.61 (ANOVA test 0.003 and 0.003), respectively. The investigation and four years monitoring are important to the water and public health relevant institutions to improve the public water supply sector. Keywords: chlorination, amoebiasis, ascariasis, giardiasis, diarrhoea, Pin Worms, Um Alnasser village Cite This Article: Hanafi Sadallah, and Husam Al-Najar, “Disinfection of Intermitted Water Supply System and Its Health Impact: Um Al Nasser Village as a Case Study.” World Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2 (2015): 32-39. doi: 10.12691/wjee-3-2-2. 1. Introduction Some water sources contain disease-causing organisms which need to be removed or killed before the water can be used in drinking. Bio-films in drinking water systems can be a source for microbial contamination, leading to a potential health risk for consumers [1,2]. Water hygiene and sanitation systems continue to be a burden for developing countries despite the painstaking effort to solve these problems [3]. Disinfection through inactivation is usually achieved by the use of chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, or a combination of chlorine and ammonia (chloramines) which prevents the water from containing pathogenic microorganisms [4]. Chlorination as a disinfectant can remain even after the disinfecting process to provide protection of drinking water from water source to the consumer [5,6]. When chlorine is added to water, some of the chlorine initially reacts with organic materials and metals in the water and is therefore not available for disinfection; this is called the ‘chlorine demand’ of water. The remaining chlorine is defined as ‘Total Chlorine’. Total chlorine is further divided into: 1) the amount of chlorine that reacts with nitrates and is thus unavailable for disinfection (which is called “Combined Chlorine’) and, 2) the ‘Free Chlorine’, which is the chlorine available to inactivate disease-causing organisms. Free chlorine in drinking-water is not particularly toxic to human when its concentration is below the health-based guideline value (GV). The major source of human exposure to chlorine is drinking-water where, GV of residual chlorine (the sum of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions) was established at 5 mg/l [7]. Based on the taste and odor threshold of free chlorine, it is doubtful however that consumers would tolerate such a high level of chlorine. Most individuals are able to taste chlorine at concentrations below 5 mg/l, and some at levels as low as 0.3 mg/l. Therefore, the health - based GV for chlorine should not be interpreted as a desirable level of chlorination. Groundwater is the main source of water supply in Gaza Strip where the main pollution is the salinity due to the seawater intrusion [8,9]. Accordingly, the Ministry of health adopted the WHO limitations for chlorination to protect the water from further pollution during the distribution process. In order for the chlorine to function as a disinfectant it must be allowed time to react with the water and the

World Journal of Environmental Engineering 33

targeted disease-causing organisms. Chlorine dosages must be adequate to exceed the chlorine demand, and leave behind chlorine residual. The longer the contact time the more effective the disinfection will be. A pre - determined chlorine concentration is applied to the water for a specified length of contact time. The chlorine concentration is the lowest continual chlorine residual in the treatment process, while the time is the exposure time for that residual [10]. The World Health Organization has estimated that 94% of diarrhea cases can be prevented through environmental interventions, amongst them increasing the availability of safe drinking water [11]. Giardiasis, Entamabiasis, Ascariasis, Diarrheal diseases Hepatites A, Salmonilasis and Shegellosis are some of the waterborne diseases registered in Gaza Strip. Also, these diseases can be transmitted to human by food. In Gaza Strip as a whole, a strong positive correlation was found for Giardiasis and diarrhea diseases with Fecal Coliform contamination in water networks. Diarrhea was strongly associated with source of drinking water in Gaza Strip [12]. 1996 saw the launch of the Water and Wastewater Services Improvement Project (SIP) for Gaza strip, financed by the World Bank. This project contributes to the proper operation and maintenance of water systems to ensure the provision of microbiologically safe drinking water in order to minimize the disease burden of the human population potentially emanating from water systems. Within this project, The World Bank representative proposed to monitor the microbiological contamination in drinking water. Accordingly, the operator of the SIP started the process of monitoring for 150 testing points all over Gaza Strip. At present, Sodium hypochlorite solution is used to disinfect the water supply from groundwater wells [13]. The drinking water supplied in the Gaza Strip is insufficient and is plagued with supply interruption sometimes lasting for several days. With inadequate disinfection, such practices will lead to suitable conditions for biofilm bacteria growth [14]. The Water-related diseases are most prevalent in the village of Um Al-Nasser, including the disease meningitis, inflammation of the liver Epidemiological, pneumonia, Alascrias, bedwetting, Gardia and widespread diarrhea among children under the age of three years [15]. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the ongoing chlorination process and the effect of chlorine depletion in the intermitted water supply on the incidence of various water-related diseases amongst the customers of Um Al-Nasser village as a case study. 2. Study Area and Methodology The village of Um Al-Nasser is located in the northern part of Gaza Strip. The coordinates of Um Al Nasser village are 31°34'50'' north, 33 ° 31'31''east and its rise about 38 m above sea level. The total population is 5000 inhabitants living in a space of approximately 800,000 m2 [16]. 2.1. Water Distribution System Modeling A computer program (Watercad v8i) was used to determine 1) the direction of flow and 2) the travel distance to each individual sampling point in the network from the source. The water distribution network feeds with water from one ground water well, the safe yield of the well is approximately 115 m3/hr. The chlorine is added directly to the main line from the well using a chemical injection pump that continuously pumps the chlorine solution into the water through an in-line venture device to mix the pre-treated water. The distribution network consists of about 16.29 km of water pipe ranging in diameter from 2 to 6 inches as shown on Figure 1. The existing system consists of a variety of pipe types including: UPV, Steel and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe; the dates for pipe installation vary also. Sampling points are distributed representing the whole area as shown in Figure 1. along network

Figure 1. Um Al Nasser Water Distribution system and the location of sampling points (Source: 18)

34 World Journal of Environmental Engineering

2.2. Sampling System and Analysis As a general guide, the World Health Organization [17] recommends that one sample location per 1000 persons be examined each month for a water supply system that serves up to 100,000 persons. According to this recommendation, the number of residual chlorine testing points for Um Al Nasser district should be 5 considering the total population served by the distribution network is 5000 inhabitants. Yet the actual sampling points taken for this study are nine locations distributed throughout the network. Samples were collected for a four year period (2010- 2013) on a monthly basis from the nine sampling points and analyzed for residual chlorine. The following digital colorimeters where used: A DPD-1 (free chlorine) or DPD-3 (total chlorine, used in tablet or powder form) is added to a vial of sample water which turns the water pink. The vial is then inserted into a digital meter which emits a wavelength of light to determine the degree of color change. The degree of color change is essentially the amount of free or total chlorine in the sample which is expressed digitally in mg/l In order to link the occurrence of water borne diseases and the concentration of free chlorine in the drinking water distribution system, information on the number of the residents who were infected, including diagnoses, were gathered from the village medical centre during the same time of network sampling. The data was computer analyzed using Microsoft Excel Program and SPSS.

Figure 2. Free chlorine concentration at the nine sampling points 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 Table 1. Statistical analysis and correlation of chlorine concentration in the distribution network and the distance from chlorination source Year ANOVA Coefficients 2010 DF F Sig. Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta Regression 1 85.107 .000 distance .000 .000 -.867 -9.225 .000 Residual 28 (Constant) .390 .029 13.523 .000 Total 29 2012 Regression 1 117.973 .000 distance .000 .000 -.899 -10.862 .000 Residual 28 (Constant) .410 .028 14.654 .000 Total 29 2013 Regression 1 73.132 .000 distance .000 .000 -.850 -8.552 .000 Residual 28 (Constant) .452 .021 21.621 .000 Total 29 2014 Regression 1 39.155 .000 distance .000 .000 -.764 -6.257 .000 Residual 28 (Constant) .442 .041 10.818 .000 Total 29

World Journal of Environmental Engineering 35

3. Results 3.1. Residual Chlorine at Various Distances The first sampling point is the location of the well where the water is pumped from. As shown in Figure 1, the next sampling point is CT4 at 1290 m from the source followed by another 8 sampling points; CT1, CT6, CT2, CT7, CT3, CT8, CT9 and CT5 at distances 1400, 1400, 1560, 1840, 2100, 2110, 2180 and the farthest sampling point CT5 at 2250 m from the chlorination unit, respectively. The distances of the sampling points were measured using the flow direction of the water distribution network and the WaterCad model. The chlorine concentrations were calculated using monthly results recorded at each sampling point and taking the monthly average (2010-2013). The relationship between the residual chlorine and the distance between the disinfection source and the nine sampling points for Um Al Nasser’s water network during the four continuous years are shown in Figure 2,a, b,c, d and Table 1. The chlorine given at the source has a concentration of 0.45 mg/l. The variation in the correlation factor R² is high in various years from 2010 to 2013 in all sampling locations based on the distance from chlorination source. A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 the R² is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Moreover, ANOVA test indicates clear correlation between the chlorine depletion and the distance from chlorination source (Table 1). As in Figure 2a, b, c,d. there are no samples in the network above or equal to the maximum recommended by the WHO (>1.2 mg/l) because of the chlorine injected at the source is 0.45 mg/l. Also 220 out of the 324 samples over the 4 years period are below the minimum value (<0.2 mg/l). 3.2. Residual Chlorine and Diseases The concern of the current study is given to some of the most common waterborne diseases such as Pin Worms, Giardiasis, Amoebiasis, and Diarrhea of Um Al Nasser village for the period between January, 2010 to December, 2013. The variation in disease type from January 2010 to December 2013 is very small; the numbers of infected residents during the study period are 557, 578, 557and 1145 with Pin Worms, Amoebiasis, Giardiasis and Diarrhea, respectively. This study attempts to measure the impact of residual chlorine depletion on relevant waterborne diseases in the Um Al Nasser network. SPSS and Excel programs were used to analyze the data collected about residual chlorine concentration in different locations of the water distribution network and the incidence of Pin Worms, Giardiasis, Amoebiasis and Diarrhea in the targeted locations. The results and analysis of winter data are shown in Figure 3 a, b, c and d and Table 2. The incidence of Pin worms decreases when the residual chlorine increase, the correlation is not significant R² = 0.13 (Figure 3a), while the ANOVA test is accounted for 0.267. Giardiasis incidence is not correlated with residual chlorine concentration as indicated by R² = 0.24 (Figure 3b) and ANOVA test 0.125 same as Amoebiasis where R² and ANOVA test accented for 0.22 and 0.141 (Figure 3c), respectively. Diarrhea incident cases are decrease when residual chlorine concentration increase significantly, the correlations are R² = 0.65 (Figure 3d) and ANOVA test 0.003 less than 0.05 indicating significant correlation between the decrease of the residual chlorine and the increase of incidence number. In general for correlated relations the ANOVA test should be less than 0.05.

Figure 3. Correlation factor between average residual chlorine and general water borne diseases in Winter

36 World Journal of Environmental Engineering

Table 2. Statistical analysis and correlation of chlorine concentration in the distribution network and water borne diseases in Winter Disease ANOVA Coefficients Pin Warm DF F Sig. Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error .422 6.564 Beta Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total 1 9 10 1 9 10 1 9 10 1 9 10 1.402

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.500 8.434 -.367

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.909 2.941 .537 2.913 -.491

Figure 4. Correlation factor between average residual chlorine and general water borne diseases in Summer Table 3. Statistical analysis and correlation of chlorine concentration in the distribution network and water borne diseases in Summer Disease ANOVA Coefficients Pin Warm DF F Sig. Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error .185 5.022 Beta Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total 1 10 11 1 10 11 1 10 11 1 10 11 1.590

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.233 17.920 -.370

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.799 7.942 .421 5.063 -.515

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.427 16.326 .340 8.401 -.369

Chlorine Concentration (Constant) -.701 21.470 .176 5.721 -.783

World Journal of Environmental Engineering 37

As shown in Figure 4 a, b,c and d and Table 3 (results for summer months), the incidence of Pin worms is not correlated with residual chlorine concentration R² = 0.14 (Figure 4a) and ANOVA test 0.236. The increase of incidence cases of Giardiasis and Amoebiasis are not correlated with the decrease of residual chlorine R² = 0.26 and 0.14 (Figure 4b and Figure 4c) and ANOVA test 0.087 and 0.238, respectively, i. e. the increase of incident cases coincide with the decrease of residual chlorine, but this is not the case, the results show insignificant increase of residual chlorine and decrease of incident number of Pinworm, Giardiasis and Amoebiasis, indicating that the incident cases may have other cause such as contamination of food. The increase in Diarrhea is highly correlated with the decrease of residual chlorine concentration R² = 0.61 (Figure 4d) and significant ANOVA test 0.003. 4. Discussion It has been shown in the literature that biofilms cells are more resistant to antimicrobial disinfectants used in practice for water treatment [19,20]. Total coliform contamination percentages in wells fluctuated from 6% to 13% during the 5 years study conducted by Yassin et al. 2006 for the Gaza Strip. In water networks, the values fluctuated from 12% to 20%. Faecal coliform contamination in wells ranged from 2% to 8%, whereas, in networks, it ranged from 4% to 12%. It is obvious that total and fecal coliform contamination levels exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit (< 5% for total coliform and free for faecal coliform), and these levels were generally higher in water networks than in wells. In the current study fecal coliforms were not tested, but the low residual chlorine in some locations of the network provides further evidence for facal coliform contamination. Chlorination of water did not totally prevent reactivation of stressed bacterial cells, it however, helps to reduce the role of reactivation [20]. The correlation between the depletion of residual chlorine and the distance from the chlorination source in Um Al Nasser water distribution network as shown in Figure 2 for four years monitoring emphasizes the contamination along the distribution network, in this case chlorine is consumed in the network as an oxidant to the microorganism which is the mechanism of disinfection [21]. The chlorine is consumed exponentially with the distance from chlorination point at the well. Water distribution system in Um Al Nasser suffers from the infiltration of wastewater to the water distribution system especially during winter where the sewage system is overloaded in Gaza Strip [22,23,24]. Such a pollution is very common in the intermitted supply system due the difference in pressure inside and outside the pipe lead to the seepage of wastewater to the system. The exponential decay of chlorine in the distribution system indicates the existence of microorganisms as a consumptive matter to the chlorine. The chlorine itself causes many health problems such as asthma, cancer, fertility problems, heart diseases, eczema and birth defect [25,26,27] when outside the acceptable range given by WHO at the upper limits of 1.2 mg/l. The percentage of samples that are less than the agents including fact of microbial minimum allowable was 68% and this prevents the hazardous materials to form in the water but did not provide adequate disinfection leading to growth of microorganisms within the water network. A study by [28] showed that some concentrations of residual chlorine in municipal water distribution recommended values according to WHO standards by 41.4%. Therefore the chlorination process should be monitored and fixed values of chlorine dosage should be added to the system according to WHO limitation and standards to prevent the buildup of biofilms in water distribution system. The problem of upper limits 1.2 mg/l of WHO are never reached in Um Al Nasser village, thus the previously mentioned health problems due to the upper limits are not detected in the village. Nutrient availability, hydraulic conditions, water temperature, pH, the type and concentration of disinfectant residues will affect biofilm growth in water distribution networks [29,30,31,32]. Diarrheal diseases were the most frequently self - reported disease among residents in Gaza City. Such diseases were more prevalent among people using municipal water than people using desalinated water and water filtered at home for drinking [33,34,35]. Even though, there is traces of residual chlorine in all sampling points in the network, the Giardiasis and Diarrheal diseases still exist. The number of infected residents due to the lack of chlorine in the system and the significant correlation between the increase of Diarrhea incident and the decrease of chlorine concentration as shown in Figure 3d and Figure 4d agrees with the UN Humanitarian Country Team and AIDA, 2009 [36] study who mentioned that without access to safe water, adequate sanitation and proper hygiene, children are particularly vulnerable to sickness caused by water borne diseases. In Gaza, diarrhea, an easily preventable disease, is the cause of 12 cent of young deaths. Furthermore, lack of safe water is the cause of mal-nutrition for millions of children, which can have long term impacts on a child’s cognitive and physical development. The Department of Health of the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) reports that: “Watery diarrhea as well as acute bloody diarrhea and viral hepatitis remain the major causes of morbidity among reportable infectious diseases in the refugee population of the Gaza Strip” [15]. It is relevant to carefully assess whether chlorination of drinking-water in the public domain is a priority when a rural water-supply scheme is planned, especially if chlorination cannot be done reliably [37,38,39]. The continuous treatment with 0.3 mg/l free chlorine (limit value German Drinking Water Ordinance) leads to a reduction of the CFU/cm2 down to the detection limit after 70 days [40]. Chlorination and heath are not a problem in developing countries only, but it is a worry of high income countries, in Switzerland for example rural water supply and sanitation review showed that there is some decline in the incidence of water-related diseases, such as diarrheal diseases, due to improved water supply and sanitation coverage [41]. The results of the study conducted for three villages in a remote and rural area in the Vhembe District, situated in the north-eastern parts of Limpopo Province in South Africa show reductions in diarrheal morbidity of about 57% due to the improvement in water supply system [42]. network infringed

38 World Journal of Environmental Engineering

5. Conclusion This study shows the imbalance in the performance of the chlorination process in the Um Al Nasser water supply system. This can be clearly shown in the amount of residual chlorine in the intermitted water supply system. The number of samples which have a residual chlorine concentration less than 0.2 mg/l (the lowest value recommended by WHO) is 220 out of 324. A significant correlation between the distance and the decrease of chlorine concentration is shown, R² for 2010 is 0.75, while for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is 0.81, 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Diarrhea incidence cases in winter and summer seasons are significantly correlated with chlorine concentration in the network. A strong correlation was found between the increase of chlorine concentration and the decrease of Diarrheal incidence R2 = 0.65 and 0.61, winter and summer seasons, respectively. It is highly recommended to conduct further studies to identify the characteristics and types of micro-organisms to redefine of doses used or the use of multiple chlorine disinfection units in the network to substitute the depletion of chlorine dosage due to large water distribution systems. Moreover, to study the causes of other diseases such as Pinworm, Giardiasis, and Amoebias those have insignificant correlation with the current range of chlorine dosage. References [1] Lenntech,1998-2009. microorganisms. http://www. lenntech. com/processes/disinfection/waterborne - diseasecontagion. htm. Wingender, J and Hans-Curt Flemming. 2011. Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214: 417-423. Coulliette, A. Kyle S. Enger, Mark H. Weir, Joan B. Rose. 2013. Risk reduction assessment of waterborne Salmonella and Vibrio by a chlorine contact disinfectant point-of-use device. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 216: 355-361. Cohn, P. D, Cox, M. and Berger, P. S. 1999. Health and Aesthetic Aspects of Water Quality, In: Water Quality and Treatment. Ed. American Water Works Association, McGraw-Hill, Inc, 2. 1-2.86. Khleifat, K. M. Abboud, W. Alshamayleh, A. Jiries and K. A. Tarawneh. 2006. Effect of chlorination treatment on gram negative bacterial composition of recycled wastewater. Pak. J, Biol. Sci, 9: 1660-1668. World Chlorine Council (WCC). 2008. Drinking Water Chlorination. World Chlorine Council position paper. 2008. www. worldchlorine. org. WHO, 1993b. Assessment of sources of air, water and land pollution. WHO/PEP/GETNET 93.1-A. P, WHO, Geneva. Hamdan, S. Uwe Troeger and Abelmajid Nassar. 2007. Stormwater availability in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Int. J. Environment and Health, Vol. 1, No. 4: 580-594. Qahman, Abdelkader Larabi, Driss Ouazar, Ahmed Naji, Alexander H.-D. Cheng 2009. Optimal Extraction of Groundwater in Gaza Coastal Aquifer. J. Water Resource and Protection, 4, 249-259. [10] Ryde, K. AAFC-PFRA. 2006. Chlorine disinfection of private water supplies for household or agricultural uses. [11] Bartram, J. Gordon, B. 2008. The global challenge of water quality and health. Water Pract. Technol. 3 (4). [12] Abu Mourad T. A. 2004. Palestinian Refugee Conditions Associated with intestinal parasites and diarrhea Nuseirat refugee camp as case study. Public Health 118 (2): 131-142. [13] Coastal Municipal Water Utility (CMWU) 2012. Annual Report on Water Status in the Gaza Strip - Summary about Water and Wastewater Situation in Gaza Strip. CMWU library, Gaza. Waterborne diseases by pathogenic [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [14] Rosemarie S. Roedera, Johannes Lenzb, Peter Tarnea, Jürgen Gebel, Martin Exnerb, Ulrich Szewzyka. 2013. Long-term effects of disinfectants on the community composition of drinking water biofilms. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 213: 183-189. [15] UNRWA Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 1, Issue 13, Sunday 15 October 2009. [16] Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, PCBS. 2013. “Statistic Brief (Population, Housing and Establishment Census)”, Palestinian National Authority, Gaza, Palestine. [17] World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 3rd ed, 2006. [18] Water Department, Um Al Nasser Municipality 2013. Data Base and Different Materials, Palestinian National Authority, Gaza strip, Palestine. [19] Okpara, C. G, N. F. oparaku and C. N. Ibeto. 2011. An overview of water disinfection in developing countries and potential of renewable energy. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4:18-30. [20] Sule I. O. Oyeyiola G. P, T. O. Agbabiaka. 2009. Comparative bacteriological analysis of chlorinated and dechlorinated pipeborne water. International Journal of biological science. 1: 93- 98. [21] Parsons, S. A. and B. Jefferson, 2006. Introduction to Potable Water Treatment. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Ames, Iowa. [22] Melad KA. 2002. Evaluation of groundwater pollution with wastewater microorganisms in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Egypt: MSc thesis, Ain Shams University. [23] Hamdan S. 2009. A literature based study of stormwater harvesting as a new water resource. Water Science & Technology - WST Vol 60 No 5 pp 1327-1339. [24] Shomar, B. 2010. Groundwater contaminations and health perspectives in developing world case study: Gaza Strip. Environ Geochem Health, 11 June 2010. [25] Sadiq, R. and Rodriguez, M. J. 2004. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and predictive models for their occurrence: a review, Science of the Total Environment, 321, 21- 46. [26] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006 Initial Distribution System Evaluation Guidance Manual for the Final Stage 2 Disinfection Byproducts Rule, Appendix A, EPA 815-B-06-002. [27] Oparaku, N. F. B. O. Mgbenka and C. N. Ibeto. 2011. Waste water disinfection utilizing ultraviolet ligh. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4: 73-78. [28] Al-Safady, M. and H. Al-Najar 2011. Disinfection Process of Water Supply System in the Gaza Strip Between Real Practice and WHO Limitations. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5 (5): 414-423 [29] Norton, C. D. LeChevallier, M. W. 2000. A pilot study of bacteriological population changes through potable water treatment and distribution. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 268-276. [30] Clark, R. M. Thurnau, R. C. Sivaganesan, M. and Ringhand, P. 2001 Predicting the Formation of Chlorinated and Brominated By - Products. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 127, 493-501. [31] Brereton, J. A. and Mavinic, D. S. 2002 Field and material-specific simulated distribution system testing as aids to understanding trihalomethane formation in distribution systems. Poder. J. Civ. Eng. 29/ 17-26. [32] Roberts Alley, P. E. 2007. Water Quality Control Handbook, Mc Graw Hill Companies, Second edition. [33] Yassin Maged, Salem S. Abu Amr, Husam M Al-Najar. 2006. Assessment of microbiological water quality and its relation to human health in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip. Public Health. 120, 1177-1187. [34] Abu Amr and M. M. Yassin. 2008. Microbial contamination of the drinking water distribution system and its impact on human health in Khan Yunis Governorate, Gaza Strip: Seven years of monitoring (2000-2006), Public Health 122: 1275-1283. [35] Yousef Salah. Abu Mayla and Salem Saleem. Abu Amr. 2010. Chemical and microbiological quality of drinking water in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Sci Vis 10 (3), 80-88. [36] UN Humanitarian Country Team and AIDA Association of International Development Agencies, The impact of the blockade on Gaza’s basic needs, 9 November 2009. [37] Peter K. Jensen, Jeroen H. J. Ensink, Gayathri Jayasinghe, Wim van der Hoek, Sandy Cairncross, and Anders Dalsgaard. 2003. Effect of Chlorination of Drinking-water on Water Quality and Childhood Diarrhoea in a Village in Pakistan. J HEALTH POPUL NUTR; 21(1): 26-31.

World Journal of Environmental Engineering 39

[38] Timothy C. N. 2003. Estimation of risk due to low doses of microorganisms: a comparison of alternative methodologies. American journal of epidemiology, 118: 573-582. [39] Alia, T. 2007. A study of free chlorine residual in the drinking water distribution system: Al-remal al-shimali quarter-lattakia city. Tishreen Univ. J. Stud. Res. Eng. Sci. Serie. [40] Lenz J, S. Linke, S. Gemein, M. Exner, J. Gebel. 2010. Verification of the efficiency of chemical disinfection and sanitation measures in in-building distribution systems. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 213: 198-203. [41] Mwendera, E. J 2006. Rural water supply and sanitation (RWSS) coverage in Swaziland: development goals. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31: 681- 689. [42] Batsirai Majurua, M. Michael Mokoenaa, Paul Jagalsa, Paul R. Hunter. 2011. Health impact of small-community water supply reliability. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214: 162-166. Toward achieving millennium

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Water Resources

Water is essential for life and plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Water pollution has a serious impact on all living creatures, and can negatively affect the use of water for drinking, household needs, recreation, fishing, transportation and commerce.

Drinking Water

Learn about your drinking water supply, how to monitor its quality and how to help keep it clean.

Consumer Confidence Reports - Annual water quality reports from community water systems.

Home Water Testing - This document contains information and guidance on home water testing.

Learn About Drinking Water - The sources of our drinking water are constantly under siege from naturally occurring events and human activities.

Private Drinking Water Wells - If your family gets drinking water from a private well, do you know if your water is safe to drink? What health risks could you and your family face? Where can you go for help or advice?

Protect the Source of Your Drinking Water - Citizen Involvement in Source Water Protection.

Lead in Drinking Water - Basic information about how lead gets into drinking water, health effects, what you can do, and how we require states and utilities to protect drinking water

Wastewater

Learn how pollutants can get into the water supply, and actions or treatment to remove them.

Water Bodies

Learn about EPA's work to protect and manage water resources and what you can do to help.

Ground Water

Lakes

Oceans, Coasts, Estuaries and Beaches

Beach Information

Coral Reefs: Climate Action Benefits

Marine Debris

Nutrient Pollution - Nutrient pollution, one of America's most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems, is caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the air and water.

Rivers and Streams

Watersheds - The area that drains to a common waterway, such as a stream, lake, estuary, wetland, aquifer, or even the ocean.

Wetlands - Areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season.

Water Quality

Find out whether waters near you are clean and safe for activities such as swimming and fishing.

Beach Closures

Fish Advisories - A compendium of information on locally issued fish advisories and safe eating guidelines.

How's My Waterway? - See if your local waterway was checked for pollution, what was found, and what is being done. Contém uma

Lo que puedes hacer

Read about actions you can take to protect water at home and in your community.

Find Healthy Watersheds Projects in Your Area - Learn about opportunities to get involved in activities such as volunteer water monitoring, stream cleanups, and storm drain marking.

Disaster Preparedness - Natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods can disrupt your drinking water supply and your wastewater disposal systems. Learn some of the issues you may face preparing for, during and after an event that directly threatens your health and the health of your family.

Protect Source Water - Get involved in keeping pollutants out of the drinking water in your community.

Maintain Your Septic System - If you’re not properly maintaining your septic system, you’re not only hurting the environment, you’re putting your family’s health at risk—and may be flushing thousands of dollars down the drain.

Prevent Polluted Runoff - What you can do to prevent pollution caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground.

Volunteer Monitoring - Across the country, trained volunteers are monitoring the condition of their local streams, lakes, estuaries and wetlands.

WaterSense - Save water and protect the environment by choosing WaterSense labeled products in your home, yard, and business and taking simple steps to save water each day.

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“GROWING WITH OMAN”

An ISO 9001-2008 Certified Company

An integral part of the Omar Zawawi Establishment (OMZEST), Oman Mechanical Services Co. Ltd. LLC (OMSC) was established in 1975 and is a premier multi-faceted company, involved in Trading and Agency representations of some of the internationally renowned and leading brands in Sultanate of Oman.

Our office and stores are located in Ghala Industrial Area (Muscat). OMSC is pleased to inform that our offices/distribution centre/warehouse in Sohar at the Falaj Al Ouhi Industrial Area, adjacent to the new Sohar airport are now in operation. These facilities will be supporting all our clientele in the region.

OMSC is a distributor for some of the world’s most renowned brands and effectively covers major users in the Sultanate of Oman. Like any other progressive company OMSC gives great emphasis to customer service, customer needs and closely supports all its industrial products.

OMSC is professionally managed and consists of 2 Divisions:

Lubricants & Productos químicos

Mechanical & Eléctrico

OMSC shares an excellent relationship with all the Government Organizations, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), Oil & Gas Companies/Concessions, various Public Authorities like Electricity & Water, Stores & Food Reserve, Engineering Consultants, EPC Contractors and Private Companies.

MAJOR SALES ACHIEVEMENT

Off-loading the 20Ton Fork Lift at Oman Cement Co Rusayl Mobil 1 Centre at Mabella Oman

32 Ton Forklift supplied to Amiantit Oman Supplied 2500 kW main gearbox for Cement Mill at Oman Cement Co.

G. E/AEG. LV Integrated Motor Control System at PDO Yibal Plant Southey Contracting Concrete Protection at the Al Khoud Bridge

Lubricants/greases from ExxonMobil supplied to Vale for their Iron Ore Pelletizing plant at Sohar.

2500 kW main Gear boxes for Cement Mill 1 & 2 supplied to Oman Cement Co. from Elecon Engineering .

Supply of a 20 Ton Hyster Fork Lift to Oman Cement Co. (see picture)

Supply of 32 Ton Hyster Forklift to Amiantit Oman (see picture)

Gas Turbine Filters from Donaldson supplied to majority of the Electricity generation plants and to customers like Petroleum Development Oman, Suez Tractebel Group.

2 MVA Diesel Generating Set from Sterling & Wilson supplied to Oman Cement Co.

Street Light fittings from GE Lighting supplied to Muscat & Sohar Municipalities for various Road projects including a Pilot project of LED Street Lights.

Specialized Intelligent Motor Control Systems LV Switchboard supplied to PDO Yibal Gas Gathering Plant from General Electric Power Controls (see picture)

Southey Contracting & Mechanical Co. LLC. (JV Partners) a premier contractor, providing specialized services for concrete protection on the Muscat Expressway Al Khoud project ( please see picture). They have now expanded to Salalah where they have opened a blasting/painting shop and are actively working for industrial coatings, concrete protection, thermal insulation in the southern region and mainly for the Salalah Airport project .

INTRODUCED IN OMAN NEW DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY – FORWARD OSMOSIS

Modern Water 200m3/ day Forward Osmosis Desalination Plant at Al Najdah, Sultanate of Oman in the Wusta Region ( close to the port of Duqm) .

Modern Water Technologies LLC (JV Partners) who are pioneers and the only manufacturer in the world using Forward (Manipulated) Osmosis Technology in desalination plants. They have secured an order for a 200m 3 /day desalination plant from Public Authority for Electricity & Water to supply fresh potable water to the town of Al Najdah. and are carrying out the Operation & Maintenance of this plant. (see picture above)

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

ISO 9001-2008 Quality Management System Awarded in 2011

Recognized by ExxonMobil as one of its Best Distributors in the EAME region and awarded the Gold Winner as a part of the Elite Club in 2010, 2011and 2012

Certificate of Appreciation awarded by Falcon Chemicals for outstanding Sales in 2011

Certificate of Merit awarded by OMZEST for Best Performing Company in the Group for 2010

Henkel-Loctite Sales Increase Award for 2009-2010

BRAND & AGENCY REPRESENTATION

OMSC takes great pride in its contribution towards the infrastructural development of the Sultanate of Oman. Looking ahead the company plans for further improving its drive towards customer service. Understanding the needs and requirements of our clients and to provide them with better/effective solutions, we have always been on a search for new industrial products.

ExxonMobil Lubricants CJC Off line Oil filter Elecon Gear Box Stat-X Aerosol Fire Suppressants

ExxonMobil . Lubricants and Greases for all applications.

Henkel Loctite . Industrial Adhesives and High Temperature Sealants.

Hyster Europe . Fork Lifts and other Material Handling Equipment. Supported with Spares and Service

GE Lighting Solutions . Complete range of Lighting Fixtures for Indoor and Outdoor application in conventional and LED lighting source.

Donaldson Filtration Solutions: Filters for Gas Turbines and Industrial Applications

Fireaway LLC – Stat-X . Aerosol based portable and fixed Fire suppressing systems

General Electric Power Controls/AEG – (Consumer and Industrial) Europe: Low Voltage Switchboards and Integrated Motor Control Systems

Elecon Engineering Co. Ltd – Industrial Gear Boxes, Geared Motors, Couplings, Wind Mills, Conveying and Bulk Material Handling products/systems and Accessories.

Falcon Chemicals LLC . – U. A.E. Construction Materials, Waterproofing compounds, Cleaning Chemicals etc.

Det Norkse Veritas (DNV) . Risk Management Systems, Asset Integrity Management Systems, Quality Assurance, Third Party Inspections, ISO Certifications. (Local office in Oman)

Thermoengineering – Italy: Advanced Combustion Systems, Flare Packages, Incinerators, Flame Arrestors.

Schorch GmbH – Germany: Motors and Variable Speed Drives

Sonomatic – UK . Innovative and Advanced Ultrasonic Inspection Services. (Local Office in Oman)

PAI KANE Group – “Perkins” powered Diesel Generator Sets, Lighting Towers Supported with Spares and Service

Terracco – Gypsum Joint Compounds

Antara – Automotive Batteries from Reem Batteries & Power Appliances Co. of Oman.

C C Jensen – Offline Oil Filtration products.

Continental Valves – India: Range of Control valves, Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Check for Oil & Gas Industry.

American Cast Iron Pipe Co .(ACIPCO) – USA: Ductile Iron Pipes and fittings.

Gaussin Manugistique – France: Specialised Material handling systems for Sea & Airports, Container Trailers, Tractors.

Fiberdur – Germany: GRE & GRP Pipes and fittings.

Bassi Luigi & C – Italy: Butt Welded Fittings, Normal & Reducing Tees, Pipe Spools.

Simas – Italy: Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, Pipe Bends, Re-boilers, Boilers.

Baldwin & Francis – U. K . Flame Proof and Explosion Proof Industrial Equipment and spares.

Kuljian Corporation – USA . Consultancy Services for Multifuel Power Generation Projects & Combined Cycle Plants.

Saudi Pump Factory – Saudi Arabia: Industrial ASME pumps for the Oil & Gas Industry.

Henkel Adhesives – Tanjit Pipe Joint compound.

Southey Contracting & Mechanical Co. LLC – Specialist Contractors for preparation and applications of Industrial, Marine and Concrete Coatings. High Pressure (HP) & Ultra High Pressure (UHP) Water Jet cleaning. Rope Access and Scaffolding Solutions. Thermal Insulations, Fire Proofing. Manufacture of Metal Finish Park Homes (Porta Cabins) Modular Units.

Modern Water Technologies LLC – Manufacture of Forward (Manipulated) Osmosis Desalination Plants, Waste Water Treatment Plants. Provide applications to improve economics for cooling systems, with Operation & Maintenance.

NEW OUTLET SOHAR Our new distribution centre located in the Falaj Al Ouhi Industrial Area is now in operation.

Street Address Plot 172-173 Falaj Al Ouhi Industrial Area Adjacent to Sohar Airport

MOVING WATER. MOVING FUEL.

MOVING FORWARD.

We are a global leader in the production and marketing of systems and components for the movement of water and automotive fuels. Recognized as a technical leader in our products and services, we serve customers around the world in residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial, municipal, and fueling applications.

MOVING WATER. MOVING FUEL.

MOVING FORWARD.

Our Websites

Our product portfolio covers a wide range of markets and serves all corners of the world. All of our websites are dedicated to meeting our customers’ needs. Click on the links below to discover more about our clean water, water transfer, grey water, and energy systems websites.

Water Systems

Western Hemisphere

About the event

With the Dubai Expo 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup just five and seven years away respectively, it is inevitable that various construction and MEP activities will either start in earnest or gather pace. And Saudi Arabia, with a population nudging towards 30 million, and with an inexorable march towards doubling that in 20 years, is seemingly always in need of more housing and other socio-economic development projects.

For about three years running, we at Climate Control Middle East magazine have been asking three fundamental questions. more »

Visit the Sustainable City Project Module at the Diamond Developers exhibition stand at The Climate Control Conference

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Quotes from Participants

"The 7th edition of the Climate Control conference provides a platform for industry stakeholders in Qatar to exchange valuable updates and discuss essential industry issues. We, at Qatar Cool, are excited to give the leadership address and to further emphasize the role of District Cooling and Qatar Cool in serving the community."

Vice President - Commercial, Qatar Cool

"Water conservation is of the utmost importance to sustaining growth in the region. Substantial water savings can be attained by collectively working smarter in the design and application of products and systems when weвЂ™re conscious of water savings being the goal."

"Having attended last year's conference, we were impressed with the scope of topics presented and the quality of the delegates. Consequently, we decided to participate this year to address the concerns related to water - and energy-saving goals and the sustainable development challenges associated with the utilisation of TSE in cooling systems"

Maurice JP Piché

Administrator & Co-Owner of Sonitec-Vortisand Inc.

"Marafeq Qatar is a leading Qatari utility company specialized in providing innovative cooling solutions to Real Estate developers. Government and private organizations. It combines comfort cooling with sustainable economical and environmentally friendly solutions contributing to urban development and the Qatar 2030 vision"

Donald Reed Philip

Projects Director - Marafeq Qatar

2015 Sponsors & Partners

Choctaw County Timeline

To give you an idea of how this county has progressed, the following is a timeline of select events of Choctaw County as researched and recorded by former Governor J. P. Coleman in his Choctaw County Chronicles, A History of Choctaw County, MS 1830-1973 with new events added to his list:

Dec. 17, 1801 – Choctaw Indians agreed to the construction of the Natchez Trace (although it already existed, they made it into a trade and postal route)

Dec. 23, 1833 – Choctaw Co.'s birthday, when an act was signed into law creating 16 counties

1840 – 6,000 people residing in Choctaw County

Jan. 9, 1861 – Mississippi seceded from the Union

Feb. 23, 1870 – Mississippi was readmitted to the Union (5 years after the war had ended)

Aug. 1886 – Choctaw Co. voted to prohibit alcohol in county

Feb. 3, 1900 – Ackerman was connected to the outside world by long-distance telephone

Dec. 4, 1908 – An automobile passed through Ackerman

Oct. 10, 11, and 12, 1910 – First annual Choctaw County Fair

1910 – Ackerman got first electric and water systems

March 1913 – First movie theater in Ackerman and Choctaw County Agricultural School was established in Weir

June 21, 1918 – First airplane in Ackerman

May 1922 – First two radios in Ackerman

1946 – Ackerman streets were paved for the first time

June 15, 1946 – Construction of rural electrification lines began in Choctaw Co.

Feb. 23, 1951 – Natural gas was piped into Ackerman

Sept. 6, 1953 – Choctaw County Hospital opened and the first annual Harvest Fest was held in French Camp

May 23, 1958 – Contract let for the construction of a sewer system in Ackerman

October 25, 1959 – The new Ackerman School was dedicated

Dec. 11, 1962 – Choctaw County airport opened

Feb. 15, 1968 – Ackerman began new water system, and in May, began first rural water system

Aug. 5, 1970 – Choctaw County schools integrated by U. S. District Court order

1996 – Ackerman adds Internet service

2000 – 9,758 people residing in Choctaw County

County History

Formation of Choctaw County

Choctaw County was formed in 1833 from land that was ceded to the United States by the Choctaw Nation. Some say that the name of the county comes from the Indian word, “chahta,” which means separation, most likely referring to the separation of the Choctaws from the Chickasaws. In all probability, the name of the county comes from the name of the Choctaw tribe’s first leader, Chief Chocta, from whom the tribe was named.

Early Pioneers and Traders

Choctaw County’s story begins earlier than 1833. Pioneer hunters and traders began settling in the area due to friendships between the Choctaws and the French. The Choctaw Chief, Pushmataha, befriended the French and his sister married a Frenchman. Their daughter, Rebecca, married Louis Lefleur, who established a trading post on the Pearl River. In 1801, Congress established a postal route between Nashville and Natchez, the capitol of the Mississippi Territory, along what is now known as the Natchez Trace. In 1810, Louis and Rebecca moved into the heart of the Choctaw Nation and established a tavern and trading post on that postal route, and the area became known as French Camp. In 1817, Mississippi became the twentieth State of the Union. In about 1822, the Presbyterian Church established an early Mission School in French Camp for the Choctaw Indians. It is known now as French Camp Academy, a co-educational boarding school still in operation. Louis and Rebecca Lefleur had a son, Greenwood. He later changed the spelling of his last name from Lefleur to Leflore. He was elected Chief of the Western District of the Choctaw Nation in the 1820’s and helped draw up the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, signed on September 27, 1830, which settled the removal of the Choctaws to Oklahoma Indian Territory. Their departure, along with Indians of other states, came to be known as the infamous “Trail of Tears.”

The County Seat

The county seat of Choctaw County is Ackerman, although it hasn’t always been there. In fact, the county seat has changed several times in the county’s history. Choctaw County was originally 1,080 square miles and contained all of what is now Webster County and parts of Montgomery, Grenada and Calhoun Counties. The first county seat was established at Greensboro, which is now in Webster County. A brick courthouse was erected by slaves in the area, and the village flourished. The town had a bloody reputation attributed to duels, hangings, and murders. Federal troops burned much of the town during the Civil War, and not much remains of Greensboro today.

Creation of Montgomery and Sumner Counties

In 1871, Montgomery County was created, taking away a big part of Choctaw County. The county seat was moved from Greensboro to a place located within two miles of the geographical center of the county. A new courthouse was erected at La Grange in 1872. The town rapidly grew, but a similar fate to Greensboro would befall La Grange. On the night of January 12, 1874, arsonists burned down the courthouse, along with all the records of the county. Many believed the arsonists were those in the county who wanted it to be divided in order to create a Republican county out of part of it. In 1874, Sumner County (now known as Webster County) was created, taking all of the territory of Choctaw County north of the Big Black River, which left the county seat a mile and a half from the county line. The county seat was removed from La Grange, and the town was abandoned.

A new county seat was created near the new geographical center of the county, and the place was named Chester. During this year, three townships were annexed to Choctaw from Winston County, forming what is now referred to as the “Panhandle.” Chester grew rapidly even though it suffered from political activities. In 1880, the wood-frame courthouse burned and was replaced by a brick structure made of Choctaw clay.

Establishment of Ackerman and Weir

Early Choctaw County Map

In 1885, the Illinois Central Railroad was completed and ran East to West through the southern part of the county. Also in 1885, the town of Ackerman was established. It was named after an official of the Illinois Central Railroad Company. A courthouse was erected in 1887, and the town was made the second county seat. It grew rapidly, with many of the people of Chester moving there. It soon surpassed French Camp, which had remained the largest town in the county since its creation. In 1904, the Gulf, Mobile, and Ohio Railroad was built and ran North and South, intersecting the Illinois Central Railroad, which accelerated the town’s growth. Shortly, two cotton gins, a cotton compress and warehouse, and one of the largest combination sawmill and planer mills in the state were established. The town of Weir was also established during this time.

In August 1923, the two judicial districts were consolidated and the courthouse at Chester abolished. The building in Chester became a school and was used for that purpose until it burned down in 1928.

Historic Sites

Choctaw County has several historic sites that can be toured

Interesting Facts

Choctaw County has produced two Governors, J. P. Coleman and Ray Mabus.

Cheryl Prewitt, who was Miss America in 1980, came from Choctaw County.

Roy Oswalt, who lives in Choctaw County, plays baseball for the Houston Astros.

On average, Choctaw County is at as high an altitude as to be found in Mississippi even though it does not have the highest point.

Choctaw County is located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and is considered an Appalachia county.

Choctaw County has the only lignite mine in the state of Mississippi.

The largest observatory in the state is located in Choctaw County, French Camp’s Rainwater Observatory and Planetarium.

Choctaw County Chamber of Commerce PO Box 737 Ackerman, MS 39735 Phone: (662) 285-3778 Fax: (662) 285-2440 Site Map

Why is Habitat Restoration Essential?

The Gulf of Mexico Program has collaborated with the Gulf of Mexico Community-based Restoration Partnership, as well as state and federal partners, for more than a decade to restore more than 15,000 acres of coastal habitat in the Gulf of Mexico. Learn More about Habitat Restoration in the Gulf

Why is Environmental Education Relevant?

Environmental Education is the creation of programs and opportunities that aid in improving conditions of the ecosystem. These programs promote a "call to action" in cleaning up communities and restoring habitats. Learn More about Environmental Education

Why is Coastal Community Resilience Important?

Resilience is the capacity of human and natural systems to adapt to and recover from change. To continue to enjoy living and receiving the benefits the Gulf of Mexico coastal region has to offer, there is a need to make the natural, built, and social environments more resilient. Learn More about Resilience

Why is Improving Water Quality Critical?

EPA works with local managers in the Gulf states to maximize the efficiency and utility of water quality monitoring efforts. EPA helps the region by coordinating and standardizing state and federal water quality data collection activities. Learn More about Water Quality

Saturday, April 2, 2016 War Memorial Park Pass Christian, MS

EPA's Work in the Gulf of Mexico

Bottled Water

Bottled Water Market

Domestic, non-sparking water is the largest and strongest segment of the U. S. bottled water market.

Bottled water is the second largest commercial beverage category by volume in the United States. However, bottled water consumption is about half that of carbonated soft drinks and only slightly ahead of milk and beer.

According to the Beverage Marketing Corporation (BMC), in 2014 the total volume of bottled water consumed in the United States was 11 billion gallons, a 7.4% increase from 2013. That translates into an average of 34 gallons per person. While that may sound like a lot, it actually puts the U. S. in 10th place when it comes to global per-capita consumption.

Back in 1976, every American drank 1.6 gallons of bottled water. The continued increase in per capita consumption indicates that consumers see bottled water as a healthy alternative to other packaged beverages. Consistant with this view, sales revenues for the U. S. bottled water market in 2014 were $13 billion in wholesale dollars, a 6.1% increase over the previous year.

Nearly all of the bottled water sold in the U. S. is sourced domestically. Imported bottled water accounts for only 1.5% of the U. S. market. The vast majority of bottled water companies in the U. S. are small, community-based companies using local water sources and distributing their products within an average radius of 300 miles from their bottling facilities.

Despite the bottled water industry's size, the amount of water actually sold is relatively tiny, compared to tap water volumes. U. S. public water systems supply more than 1 billion gallons of tap water an hour, every hour of the day.

The total amount of bottled water Americans buy in one year would only supply U. S. tap water needs from midnight until 9 a. m. on January 1.

Hamas: "Glory Record"

1. Al-sabra Operation: Three Palestinian militants, Ala'a, Ahmed and Jameel Al:kurdy, attacked eight agents of the Israeli Intelligence at Al:sabra quarters in Gaza. Three Israelis were killed or injured before the Israeli forces were able to shoot down the three heroes as martyrs on 3 April 1988.

2. The Kibbutz Operation: The 22-year-old militant Ahmed Hussein Abdallah B'sharat stabbed 27-year-old David Dan'ely, the Israeli master sergeant, while the latter was guarding Kibbutz Metsa'a in the Jordan Valley on 7 October 1988. The militant was shot down as a martyr by another soldier who came to support the dead Dan'ely.

3. Boureen Operation: The militant Hamdan Hussein Al:najar, a member of Hamas, killed the Israeli settler Ya'coub Berey using a big rock as his weapon. The militant was shot down as a martyr after he had ambushed an Israeli patrol using the dead settler's weapon.

4. Kidnapping of two soldiers: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades kidnapped the Israeli sergeant Avey Saporets while he was standing at Joulus near the Hadai junction on 17 February 1989. The group disarmed the sergeant and took all his papers. He was then exterminated and disposed of. The Israeli forces were shocked by this daring operation, especially when another soldier was kidnapped on 3 May 1989-a sharp challenge against the Israeli security ideology. The Israelis were able to find the corpse of the first sergeant after an intensive investigation, however, they did not find the other corpse until seven days later.

5. Al-redwan Mosque Martyr Operation: Al Qassam Brigades decided to take revenge for their martyrs of Al:redwan Mosque on 18 May 1989. Although there was a total curfew in place, the 26-year-old militant Talal Saleem Al:a'araj was able to lead an Israeli patrol to a house after he had stoned them. They followed him into the house where he stabbed to death one soldier. When another soldier cried out for help, the remainder of the soldiers entered the house whereby the militant stabbed them all. Thereafter, they shot him down as a martyr.

6. Bus No. 405 Operation: Militant Ahmed Hussein Shukry, a member of Hamas, was able to lead an Israeli soldier to a secluded place in Tel Aviv where the militant hit the soldier with a chisel and killed him on 8 September 1989. The following day, the militant got on bus No. 405 and stabbed the driver to take over the bus; however, the passengers were able to stop the militant.

7. Al:sheikh Ejleen Operation: Three militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli patrol at Al:sheikh Ejleen on Monday, 13 November 1989and shot down two soldiers and ran away before the Israeli forces arrived.

8. Askar Old Camp Operation: The militant Sameer Mustafa Al:usta, a member of Hamas, drove a truck into an Israeli pedestrian patrol on 5 April 1989. He had been able to run over a group of Israeli soldiers before he was arrested by the Israeli forces, who admitted that the first lieutenant Alenx Furling was seriously injured.

9. Al-baqa'a Quarters Operation: After the massacre committed by the Israeli forces at Al Aqsa on 8 October 1989, the militant Amer Abu Sarhan, a member of Hamas, killed three Israeli soldiers and injured four more with a knife in Al:baqa'a in a fast reaction to this ferocious massacre. He was then caught by the Israeli forces because he was unable to move due to his injuries.

10. The Fuel Tank Operation: The militant Haithem Shafeeq, a member of Hamas, stabbed a 30-year-old Israeli soldier guarding a fuel tank at a gas station on Amman Street in Nablus on 30 October 1990 in revenge for the Al Aqsa massacre. Thereafter, the militant was shot down as a martyr by the Israeli forces.

11. Al-entelaqah Operation: Two militants-Ashraf Bal'oujy and Marwan Al-zayegh-were able to kill three Israelis in an aluminium factory in Gaza on 14 December 1990. The militants were able to escape although Bal'oujy was injured. The Israeli forces were shocked, and in retaliation they arrested more than 1,700 Palestinians suspected of being Hamas members.

12. Keryat Youval Operation: The militant Mohammed Mustafa Abu Jalala stabbed four Israelis and injured another at a bus station in Keryat Youval in Jerusalem before he was arrested by the Israeli forces.

13. Askalan Road Operation: While driving a taxi, the militant Jameel Ismail Al:baz, a member of Hamas, ran over a group of Israelis waiting on this road on 19 July 1991. He was able to kill corporal Nadaf Der'ey and injure another soldier. Then the militant was able to escape but he was later arrested by the Israeli forces.

14. Revenge Operation: The militant Rateb Zeidan, a member of Al Qassam Brigades, drove an Israeli mini-bus into a group of Israeli soldiers waiting at a bus stop on Tel Hashomeir junction on 11 October 1991; he killed 2 soldiers and injured 11.

15. Shailou Operation: A military group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades attacked an Israeli bus carrying some settlers on their way to Tel Aviv to participate in demonstrations organized by the extremist party Likud against the peace process. The bus was completely destroyed; two Israelis were killed and five more were injured.

16. Dier Al-balah Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed the security officer of the settlements in Gaza, near Deir Al:balah, on 1 January 1992. The security officer, Doron Shoushan, was killed and the group withdrew safely.

17. Eid Al-maskhara Operation: The militant Ra'ed Al:reefy attacked an Israeli crowd in Jaffa on 17 March 1992. He was able to kill 2 and injure 21 Israelis who gathered to celebrate Eid Al:maskhara, also known as Al:boureem.

18. Beit Lahya Operation: On the third anniversary of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin's arrest, a group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades attacked an Israeli settler at Beit Lahya and shot him down then withdrew safely.

19. Hai Al:sabra Operation: A commando group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades and members of Hamas attacked a large Israeli troop consisting of army soldiers, border guards and special forces at Hai Al:sabra in Gaza at 3 a. m. on Sunday, 24 May 1992. The Israeli forces used helicopters, lightening bombs and automatic weapons; it was announced that only one soldier had been killed; however, the residents said they saw eight dead bodies wrapped in black sacks used by the Israeli forces for this purpose. The three militants-Yaser Al:hasanat, Marwan Al:zayegh and Mohammed Qandeel-were martyred.

20. The Police Hotel Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades used a car and attacked a group of Israeli policemen on 22 January 1992. One Israeli policeman was seriously injured and taken to Berezly Hospital in Askalan.

21. Carlo Factory Operation: Four militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades broke into a citrus packing factory (Carlo) near Nahal Oaz at 2:30 p. m. on 25 June 1992. Three militants stabbed two Israelis while the other was guarding. The Hamas members wrote some slogans and considered this operation as a gift for Yitzhak Rabin on the occasion of winning the Israeli elections.

22. The Armed Attack on Two Military Posts: As part of the attrition war waged by Al Qassam Brigades, some members of Hamas attacked two military posts west of Khan Younis Camp on Saturday, 25 July 1992. The engagement lasted for 20 minutes and three Israelis were seriously injured; the group withdrew safely.

23. Bab Al-magharebeh Operation: The militant Salah Qara'een stabbed two Israeli policemen at Bab Al:magharebeh in Jerusalem on 30 July 1992. He killed one of them and injured the other. While he was taking the dead policeman's rifle, another policeman shot him down and martyred him.

24. Soldier Aloun Kervaty Being Kidnapped: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades was able to kidnap an Israeli soldier, Aloun Kervaty, near Al:breij Camp after they had disarmed him. They proceeded to exterminate him and threw his corpse near a gas station on 18 September 1992.

25. The French Hill Operation: The militant Mohammed Aref Bsharat, disguised as an Israeli policeman, attacked the general headquarters of the Israeli police on the French Hill on 22 September 1992. Upon entering the place, he was stopped by the police guard to be identified, so he killed the guard using an M-16 rifle and shot down the other Israelis present. He tried to escape by taking a car, but he was surprised to find that the car was carrying Palestinians so he left it. He was thereafter caught by the Israeli police.

26. Al Haram Al-Ibrahimy Operation: Two militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades attacked an Israeli group near Al Haram (the Shrine) in Hebron. One of the militants attacked the group while the other was on guard. The Israeli forces admitted that only one Israeli was killed and another was injured although the Israeli authorities were shocked by this audacious and well-planned operation. Thereafter they arrested many members of Hamas.

27. Khan Younis Camp Operation: Three militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades attacked the control posts west of Khan Younis on 30 October 1992. They were able to kill one Israeli soldier in the process. The militant Hisham Husny was seriously injured and passed away while in the hospital.

28. Al-sheikh Radwan Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades shot down an Israeli soldier from their car at 20 metres while he was guarding a camp west of Al:sheikh Radwan in Gaza on 25 November 1992. The group had been able to withdraw safely before the Israeli forces fired back.

29. Al-shuja'eyeh Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli patrol on a highway near Beit Lahya north of Gaza on 7 December 1992. The militants' car overtook the patrol car and they were able to shoot down all the Israelis in the car. The group withdrew safely.

30. Al-hawooz Operation: On the sixth anniversary of Hamas foundation, a group of Al Aqsa Martyrs belonging to Al Qassam Brigades chased an Israeli Jeep in Hebron on 12 December 1992. The group fired at the Jeep near Al:hawooz (a large water reservoir) and shot down two Israelis and overturned the Jeep.

31. Sheikh Ahmed Yassin Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassem Brigades confined the Israeli master sergeant Neseem Tolidano on 13 December 1992. The Red Crescent in Ramallah were notified that the captive could be released provided the Israeli forces released Al:sheikh Ahmed Yassin at 9 p. m. otherwise the captive would be exterminated. Yitzhak Rabin, the then-Israeli Prime Minister, refused this offer and gave orders to arrest more than 2,000 Palestinians, most of whom were sympathetic to Hamas. Consequently, the captive was exterminated and his corpse was thrown on the Jerusalem-Jericho highway two days later.

32. The Penetration of Shabak Operation: In an immediate reaction to the deportation of 400 Palestinians to Marj Al:zuhour in south Lebanon, a group of Tameem Al:adnany, which belonging to Al Qassam Brigades, were able to exterminate Captain Hayem Nehmany after he had been tricked into by the militant Maher Abu Srour who pretnted to be an agent of Al:shabak. he was able to meet the Capt. in his flat where he exterminated him and took all his papers an weapons. The Israeli forces found out about the operation four days later.

33. Beit Sahour Operation: The militant Maher Abu Srour ambushed some Israeli soldiers guarding a fuel tanker in a gas station in Gaza while they were sitting in the station office on 19 January 1993. The driver was able to run away because the militant's rifle broke down and he was able to withdraw safely.

34. Khan Younis Martyrs Operation: Two militants were able to penetrate the electrified fence of the Jany Tal settlement where they ambushed an Israeli patrol guarding the area and shot down two soldiers from 5 metres and injured the officer who ran away. They were also able to take the soldier's gun, a Galeeli model.

35. Al-amal Quarters Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades followed an Israeli soldier while he was driving east of Al:shuja'eyeh and shot him down on Friday, 12 February 1993. The group kept on driving inside the 1948-occupied territories where they encountered an Israeli Jeep and shot down the Israeli soldiers in it and withdrew safely, leaving the dead lying in their blood. The Israeli forces only admitted that two soldiers were injured as usual.

36. Al-khedeireh Operation: A militant belonging to Hamas ran down a group of Israeli soldiers waiting at a bus station at Al:khedeireh junction on 17 February 1993. Two Israeli soldiers were killed and the militant was able to withdraw safely.

37. Beit Sheimesh Operation: This operation aimed at kidnapping an Israeli soldier in exchange for some Palestinians confined by the Israelis, so a group kidnapped the Israeli soldier Yahushwa Fredburgh, who resisted and thus was killed; his corpse was thrown on the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway after his M-16 weapon was confiscated.

38. Sheilou Operation: While the militant Saher Al:tamam, a member of Al Qassam Brigades, was driving his truck from Ramallah to Nablus on 15 March 1993, he saw two Israeli reserve officers waiting at the bus station of Sheilou, so he ran them over and withdrew safely.

39. Al-qassam Return to Al:sheikh Ejleen: Another daring operation was carried out by a member of Hamas at Al:sheikh Ejleen on 15 May 1993. This operation followed the operation on 1 November 1989 wherein a group of militants attacked an Israeli Jeep. However, the Israeli forces did not admit to any losses as usual.

40. Al-qarrareh Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli patrol near Al:qarrareh on the Khan Younis-Deir Al:balah highway on Wednesday, 17 March 1993. The group chased the patrol and shot its members down; the Jeep turned over.

41. The Third Deportation Operation: After three months of the deportation process, two militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli Jeep on 25 Ramadan (18 March 1993) in an immediate reaction to the Khan Younis massacre. The Israeli soldiers involved were shot down although the Israeli forces did not admit to any losses.

42. 27 Ramadan Operation: Hamas had taught the Israelis an unforgettable lesson, in particular Yitzhak Rabin, who discovered that the Al Qassam Brigade members were able to chase and frighten the Israeli soldiers. E'yoon Qara Martyrs' company ambushed an Israeli patrol in a Jeep on Saturday, 27 Ramadan 1413 H (20 March 1993) on the Trans-Al:samereh highway, which connects the Israeli settlements in the north. It took place on a sharp curve 1 km from Broukeen Alai Zahaf and Ara'eil, the two largest settlements in the north, at 8 p. m. The group shot down the soldiers in a Jeep guarding a bus carrying students. All the Israeli soldiers were either killed or seriously injured and the militants withdrew safely.

43. The Night of Al:qader Operation: The Israeli forces were really shocked by some daring operations, including Al:shuja'eyeh, Al:hawooz and the kidnapping of Neseim Tolidano, which meant that there were security weaknesses in the Israeli defence systems. Consequently, the Israeli forces forbade Palestinian vehicles to override the Israeli ones at night. They also forbade Israeli vehicles from wandering about certain places in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, especially Jabalia Camp, a hot spot and a source of danger to the Israeli forces. Despite this, Al Qassam Brigades ambushed two Jeeps north of block 12, near the Martyrs Cemetery, on 20 March 1993 and opened fire on them from only 5 metres away, killing three soldiers.

44. Al-qarrareh Junction Ambush: A commando group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed Israeli patrols at Al:qarrareh Junction, between Rafah and Khan Younis, on 29 Ramadan 1423 H (22 March 1993). The group was able to either kill or injure all the Israeli soldiers. Consequently, the Israeli forces blocked off the streets and checked the whole area where they found some documents belonging to Hamas.

45. Al-maghazy Camp Operation: Several operations were carried out during the holy month of Ramadan against the Israeli military posts in the middle zone. A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades fired at an Israeli vehicle on Tuesday, 23 May 1993. Several soldiers were killed and others were injured. As a result, the Israeli forces blocked up the area and admitted that only one soldier was injured and taken to Berzsly Hospital in Askalan.

46. Paris Street Operation: Hamas moved its operations to the northern areas where members of Al Qassam Brigades shot down some Israeli soldiers in their Jeep on Paris Street in Tulkarm, downtown at the old farmers' market, on Saturday, 27 May 1993. One Israeli was killed, but the group was able to withdraw safely. However, the Israeli forces, in retaliation, shot randomly at several Palestinians in the market and injured two of them.

47. Al-yarmouk Street Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades attacked an Israeli patrol on Al:yarmouk Street in Gaza on Saturday, 27 May 1993. The Israeli soldiers were seriously injured and the group withdrew safely.

48. Al-wehdeh Street Operation: A group of Al Qassam Brigades suddenly attacked an Israeli patrol while passing Al:wehdeh Street in Gaza at 6:30 a. m. on Sunday, 5 Shawal 1413 H (28 March 1993). An Israeli soldier was injured and the group withdrew safely.

49. Martyr Hatem Al:muzein Operation: Despite the intensive existence of the Israeli forces, the Curfew and the military siege, a member of Al Qassam Brigades stabbed a 38-year-old Israeli settler, Sha'ya Doytch, from Kfar Yam, a settlement of Ghosh Qateif at 7:00 a. m. while he was working at his greenhouse west of Jan Oar. He was taken to Sarouka Hospital in Beir Sheiba'a, but he died one hour later.

50. Yawm Al-ard (Day of the Land) Operation: The special forces of Al Qassam Brigades went out to hunt down Israeli soldiers on Tuesday, 30 March 1993. While the group was passing Telmy Ale'azar junction in their white Ford, they saw two Israeli policemen relaxing in their patrol vehicle. The group shot them down through the windows, took their papers and then withdrew safely.

51. Mehoula Operation: While the deported Palestinians sent to Marj Al:zuhour were marching in the shroud procession to Zamria borders post-protesting their deportation and the ignoring of their demands to go back home, the militant Saher Al:tamam attacked two Israeli buses in front of a coffee shop in Mehula near Beesan, where several Israeli soldiers were waiting on Friday, 26 April 1993. Several soldiers were killed and injured; the militant was martyred.

52. Hai Al-tuffah Operation: The Israeli forces besieged Hai al-tuffah to arrest the militant Zakaria Shurbajy, the lion of the resistance, who was hiding there. They chased him from one house to another, but he was able to join four other heroes belonging to Suqour Fateh whereby they used their pistols and rifles to engage the Israeli forces in a severe battle, killing three Israeli soldiers. The militant was martyred, and the Israeli forces destroyed several houses while chasing them.

53. Beilou Junction Operation: The special forces belonging to Al Qassam Brigades went out to kidnap Israeli soldiers on 6 May 1993 to be used as a bargaining chip for Palestinian captives, especially Al:sheikh Ahmed Yassin. On their way, the forces observed an Israeli police vehicle so one of the group approached the vehicle to kidnap Colonel Jawalmeh, a chief of the civil guards. The Colonel was shot down through the window because the door was closed and the Israeli forces admitted that the Colonel was only seriously injured.

54. Al-anabtawy Building Operation: "This incident has been the most serious and consequential one and it will be investigated thoroughly", said the chief-in-command of the joint staff of the Israeli army when he was informed of this daring operation. The three militants were able to kill two Israeli soldiers, take their weapons and withdraw safely. The Israeli forces admitted that only one non-commissioned officer was killed and another was slightly injured.

55. The Joint Operation: In an immediate reaction to the execution of six members of Al Qassam Brigades and the martyrinig of four Suqour Fateh members, a joint group of both formations ambushed a group of Israeli merchants in a settlement located on the Khan Younis Sea on 16 May 1993. When the merchants arrived at the scene of the operation, the militants shot them down, took their papers and left the place safely, which caused Rabin to suffer a lot.

56. The Revenge Operation: As soon as the Israeli forces announced the execution of the six heroes, Al Qassam Brigade militants put explosives in a 15-storey shopping centre in Tel Aviv on 16 May 1993. The building was completely destroyed and several Israelis were killed and others injured. The Israeli forces admitted that one Israeli had been killed and 40 were injured as a result of a gas bottle explosion in order to cover up the operation.

57. Wady Al-khaleel Operation: The Israeli forces prepared to chase a group of militants in the area on 19 May 1993 by deploying more than 1,000 soldiers aided by tanks, helicopters and powerful spotlights. Consequently, two of the militants-Hatem Al:muhtaseb and Ya'coub Mutaw'e-engaged in battle with these forces so that 16 of the militants were able to escape the military siege. The Israeli forces could not defeat the two militants although the fight lasted for ten hours. Consequently, the Israeli forces were forced to bomb the whole area in order to kill the heroes who had already killed 3 Israelis and injured 11 while hiding in a deserted house.

58. Al-sudanyeh Point Operation: Two commando groups ambushed an Israeli Jeep carrying four soldiers in addition to the driver and an officer patrolling a military post west of Al-sheikh Radwan on Al-nasr Street at 8:40 p. m, on Friday, 28 May 1993. As the Jeep was turning west toward Al:sudaneyeh Point, the group shot down the soldiers who could not fire back except for one soldier. While the group was withdawing, they encountered three patrol vehicles in front of Jaffa Secondary Girls' School at Hai al-tuffah, and took the time to shoot seven Israelis before withdrawing back home safely after a 12-minute fight.

59. Hai Al-mashahreh Battle: Two groups belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli patrol at Hai Qarqash (Al:mashahreh) and attacked it using automatic weapons and manual bombs at 4:00 a. m. on 30 May 1993. While the militants were withdrawing, they were taken by surprise by Israeli aids so one group engaged in battle with the forces and the other group kept on withdrawing. The Israeli forces destroyed 15 houses in order to force the group to surrender, but it continued fighting despite the use of helicopters and tanks. After a 12-hour battle in which the Israeli forces used reconnaissance pilotless aircraft, the militants Ibraheem Ashour and Mohammed Seyam were martyred and Ra'ed Al:halaq fell unconscious.

60. The Coastal Highway Operation: The Israelis were shocked by this daring operation after they had been daydreaming of arresting the special forces. The chosen unit, which belonged to Al Qassam Brigades, attacked an Israeli Jeep on the Coastal Highway between Khan Younis and Deir Al:balah. When the target Jeep arrived at the firing range, the group shot the soldier next to the driver and another one in the back of the Jeep, so the driver ran away and the group could not get the soldiers' papers and guns. While Withdrawing, the group encountered a military checkpoint, and the militant Jameel Al:wady shot an officer down before the former was martyred.

61. The Two Martyrs, Hatem Al-muhtaseb and Ya'coub Mutaw'e Operation: It was a violent clap for Rabin when a commando group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades hijacked a bus on HI-25 west of Jerusalem at 7:30 a. m. on 1 July 1993 during the rush hour. The group was able to penetrate the security siege and reached the target bus from 100 metres from the Israeli police headquarters. However, the passengers were able to leave the bus because something wrong happened and so the group engaged in battle with the Israeli forces. Meanwhile, the militants Maher Abu Srour and Mohammed Al-hindy hijacked another car driven by an Israeli lady after the militant Othman Saleh had been injured. They bombed the car and all three were killed in addition to another Israeli soldier and lady that were on the bus. The militant Othman Saleh was taken captive although he was unconscious and kept saying "Allahu Akbar" while the Israeli forces were investigating him. A manifest was found on him with the following demands:

A. The bus must be driven to the Lebanese borders. B. Al:sheikh Ahmed Yassin must be safely released immediately. C. Fifty captives belonging to Hamas, 50 belonging to the other Palestinian formations such as Fateh, Al:jehad Al:Islamy and the Democratic Front, etc. must be released. D. Al-sheikh Abdelkareem Obeid must also be released.

62. Al-sheikh Ahmed Yassin Operation: To be faithful to the great militant Ahmed Yassin, the Sheikh Tameem Al:adnany group was able to kidnap the Israeli soldier Yaroun Chain in a truck north of Jerusalem. The Israeli soldier suspected the situation and was therefore exterminated. His corpse was burned in a car after they had taken his rifle (a Galilee) near Beitounia, southwest of Ramallah. The Israeli forces were not able to catch the hero militants.

64. Deir Ballout Operation: The Israeli security siege around the West Bank and Gaza Strip failed due to the daring operations carried out by Hamas. Three militants riding in a Peugeot approached an Israeli military post at Al:qana settlement near Deir Ballout. They shot down two Israeli soldiers and injured another. A marksman was lurking near the post of the militant Adnan Azeez Mar'ee and was able to injure Mohammed Rayan, who was taken captive, while the third militant was able to disappear even though the Israeli forces used more than 500 soldiers, 12 helicopters, powerful spotlights and police dogs; the operation was carried out by the chief of the joint staff command himself.

65. The Colonial Quarters Operation: While the new tyrannical Palestinian Autonomy was taking over authorities and signing the disgraceful peace treaty with the Israelis, giving them more than 90% of Palestine, the Al Aqsa Martyrs group, which belongs to Al Qassam Brigades, ambushed an Israeli patrol at a sharp curve between Hebron and Beir Sheib'a, near Megahoud settlement, on Thursday, 2 September 1993. The militants fired at the patrol while it was approaching. As a result, their vehicle turned over and the soldiers were either killed or seriously injured.

66. Prison Installation Operation: As soon as the disgraceful peace treaty was about to be signed, the militant Ayman Atallah, a member of Al Qassam Brigades, drove a bomb-laden car through the main street of Netsareem in south Gaza and ran it into an Israeli vehicle belonging to the Prison Installation on Sunday, 12 September 1993. The two vehicles were completely destroyed, but the Israeli forces only admitted that one passenger was slightly injured.

67. Downtown Hebron Operation: During these serious conditions in which the disgraceful peace treaty was signed, the militants belonging to the Martyr Abdallah Azzam group ambushed an Israeli bus at the Hebron-Keryat Arba'a junction on Sunday, 12 September 1993. The militants shot the soldiers down and took their papers and weapons, including an M-16 rifle and a Klashenkoff after which they withdrew safely.

68. Mus'ab Ibn Omeir Operation: Two militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades ambushed an Israeli Jeep carrying three soldiers in the Al:zeitoun area in Gaza at 9:30 a. m. on Sunday, 12 September 1993. The militants, using an M-16 and a Klashenkoff, shot down the Israeli soldiers and took their ammunition and papers after which they withdrew safely.

69. Askalan Operation: Al Qassam militants were quite active in the 1948-occupied territories when the militant Ala'a Al-kahlout stabbed an Israeli bus driver while travelling from Askalan to Asdoud on Sunday, 12 September 1993. The militant detonated all the explosives he had on the bus causing injuries to several Israelis. One of the passengers was able to shoot the militant down who was later martyred. The Israeli forces admitted that the bus driver was killed and three Israeli passengers were injured.

70. Gaza Municipality Operation: The distinguished and daring operations carried out by Al Qassam Brigades continued with one militant attacking four Israeli soldiers at a military checkpoint in the Gaza municipality building on Tuesday, 14 September 1993. He was able to break into the building and stab the four Israelis while another group were firing at other Israeli soldiers behind the checkpoint. The militant was martyred by an Israeli soldier who fired more than 30 bullets into his body.

71. Netsara Junction Operation: Al Aqsa Martyrs group in Hebron attacked an Israeli bus and a Jeep on Tuesday, 14 September 1993. The operation objective was to reveal the consolidation and sympathy with the militants in Gaza and to show the utter rejection for the disgraceful peace treaty signed by the new Palestinian Autonomy. The bus and the Jeep were heading toward Netsara, south of Hebron; several Israelis were killed and others injured. While the group were leaving, they encountered a military checkpoint at Netsara junction where they killed and injured several Israeli soldiers and the militant Mohammed Azeez Mar'ee was martyred. The Israeli forces only admitted that four soldiers were injured; two of whom were seriously injured.

72. Al-remal Police Station Operation: One militant broke into Al:remal police station at 1:00 p. m. on Tuesday, 14 September 1993. He was able to reach the outside gate before he was shot down and martyred by an Israeli soldier. However, all the explosives carried by the militant were detonated in the process. The Israeli forces did not admit any losses as usual.

73. Re'nana Operation: The Israeli analyst of the Ha'aretz daily newspaper could not conceal his worries about the rapid and extended activities of the Hamas operations, which have become stronger and more popular than ever before. The E'youn Qara group kidnapped the Israeli reserve soldier Pegal Fankin at Re'nana north of Tel Aviv. Thereafter, they exterminated him and withdrew safely. The Israeli forces were unable to arrest the group.

74. Beit E'eel Operation: In an immediate reaction to the barbarian Israeli attack on secured Palestinians in Gaza and to be faithful to the martyrs of Al Qassam Brigades, the militant Suleiman Zeidan drove a booby-trapped vehicle into an Israeli bus carrying soldiers at Beit E'eel near the Israeli army headquarters on 4 October 1993. A roaring explosion took place and a lot of Israelis were either killed or seriously injured. The Israeli forces admitted that only 30 soldiers were injured so as to undermine the daring operation.

75. Al-atatreh Operation: In an act of revenge for the two martyrs Ashraf Mahdy and Ayman Atallah, a group of militants were able to penetrate all Israelis checkpoints and arrived at Al:atatreh, near Beit Lahya, and ambushed two Israeli vehicles on Tuesday, 19 October 1993. The first vehicle was a Subaru carrying two Israeli soldiers and the second was a Jeep carrying another two Israelis. As soon as the Subaru arrived, the group shot down the soldiers and a few minutes later the Jeep arrived so they also shot the soldiers in it. The group withdrew safely despite the intensive Israeli siege using helicopters to chase and arrest the group.

76. The Jameel Al-wady Operation: In revenge for the martyrs of Al Qassam and Al Intifadah, and on the fourth anniversary of Martyr Jameel Al:wady's death, the chief of Al Qassam Brigades in Khan Younis and the militants of the special forces disguised as Israeli Rabbis hijacked an Israeli vehicle on Sunday, 24 October 1993. This operation was similar to the kidnappings of the Israeli soldiers Avy Sportas, Elan Sa'adoun, Kervat Tolidano and Fredburgh Witchman. The militants kidnapped the sergeant Yahoud Rock and the corporal Elan Levi while waiting on the highway leading to Jany Tal near Khan Younis. The Israelis were exterminated and their papers and a radio were taken. Hamas announced its responsibility for the operation and presented a photo of one of them and a checkbook of the other.

77. Beit Kahel Operation: In revenge for the bloodshed caused by the Israeli aggression and attacks on the Palestinian towns, villages and camps, Al Qassam Brigade militants ambushed Rabbi Haim Drucman's car, a prominent chief of the racial Zionist movement, Gosh Amunim and an ex-member of Parliament. They fired at his car near the Beit Kahel junction at 8:30 a. m. on Sunday, 7 November 1993. The driver was killed but the Rabbi, who is responsible for the settlement process, was seriously injured.

78. Hebron Operation: As part of the war waged by Al Qassam Brigades against the Israeli settlers, a group belonging to the battalion attacked a vehicle belonging to an Israeli settler near Hebron on Monday, 6 December 1993. Two settlers were killed and three were injured.

79. Hamas Operation: Two militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades used a car to drive over an Israeli vehicle near Beitonia, southwest of Ramallah, at the industrial zone on Wednesday, 22 December 1993. They killed two and injured three other Israelis from Doulb, who were also in the car.

80. Emad Aqel Operation: A group of Hamas militants ambushed an Israeli Jeep belonging to the Israeli headquarters carrying a group of high-ranking officers. When the Jeep arrived at the crossroad at the end of Al:nasr street in Gaza, the militants fired at the vehicle from a distance of 4 metres. As a result, 36-year-old Lieutenant-Colonel Me'eir Mentz, who is the deputy of the chief-in-command of the Israeli forces in Gaza and a prominent officer in the Gaza headquarters and connected with Israeli Intelligence, a major and two soldiers, were seriously injured. The chief-in command of the joint staff described the operation as the most serious incident to date.

81. Al-affouleh Operation: It was the first operation in a series of revenge operations for the Al:ibraheemy Holy Shrine massacre on 6 April 1994. The militant Ra'ed Abdallah Zakarneh, a member of Al Qassam Brigades, drove a booby-trapped vehicle with an Israeli registration plate into Al:affouleh bus station at 12:25 p. m. and detonated it. Nine Israelis were killed and more than 150 were injured. A statement revealed that the car was carrying 57 kilograms of explosives. It also warned the Israelis to leave their settlements and added that "We ask the Israelis to leave their settlements in the West Bank and Gaza, otherwise we are not to be blamed for any operations against them".

82. Al-khdeireh Operation: During the Israeli memorial day celebrations of the Israelis killed in the Arab-Israeli wars and one week after the revenge operation, the militant Ammar Amarneh, a member of Al Qassam Brigades, blew up an Israeli bus belonging to Eaged working on line 8 at Al:khdeireh, northwest of Tulkarm, on 31 April 1994. Five Israelis were killed and more than 32 were seriously injured.

83. Al-quds (Jerusalem) Operation: Two militants belonging to Al Qassam Brigades were able to penetrate all Israeli security checkpoints and shoot down several Israelis at Nehlat Shafa'a near Jaffa Street in Jerusalem on 9 October 1994. Two Israelis were killed and 16 were seriously injured. In the process, the militants Essam Al:jawhary from Egypt and Hassan Abbas from Gaza were martyred.

84. The Capture of Nehson Faxman Operation: A group belonging to Al Qassam Brigades captured the Israeli soldier Nehson Faxman on Tuesday, 11 October 1994. The Israeli forces were to exchange some Palestinian captives (mainly the elderly and the sick) for his release. The group allowed four days for Rabin to decide and an agreement was made between the two parties to extend the time period for another 24 hours. Collaboration between the Israelis and the Palestinian Autonomy enabled the Israelis to locate where the captive was confined. Rabin abused the additional time limit to try and liberate the captive. Consequently, Faxman and the chief of the Israeli special forces were killed and the three militants guarding Faxman were martyred on Friday, 14 October 1994.

85. Dezenkov Street Operation: In an immediate reaction to the previous operation, the militant Saleh Abdelraheem Sawy bombed an Israeli bus at Dezenkof Street in downtown Tel Aviv on 19 October 1994. The explosion was rather violent, leaving 22 Israelis dead, 47 injured and seriously damaging many shops. Israelis were confused and shocked by this operation, causing Yitzhak Rabin to shorten his visit to London.

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Any community water system in Alabama that serves more than 100,000 people is required to make its CCR available to customers on a publicly accessible web site.

Below is a list of links to the water quality reports for Alabama:

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Trade and Commercial Activity in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Middle East

Ensayo

A dizzying array of goods circulated in the Byzantine and early Islamic Middle East along trade networks at the juncture of several continents and bodies of water. Although the regionвЂ™s best known routes were those running between Europe and Asia at the western edge of the Silk Road. no less important were north-south overland routes across the Arabian Peninsula to eastern Africa. The convergence of these routes created a unique setting for cultural exchange, as merchants, mercenaries, nomads, and pilgrims came into constant contact along these networks.

Goods, Services, and Taxes Luxurious silks, spices. incense. and the like counted among the Byzantine and early Islamic period’s most desired goods. Silk was particularly prized by both the Byzantine and Sasanian courts. Significant quantities of it outside the Middle East attest to the material’s inherently high value and to the reach of its appeal. For instance, extraordinary silks survive as the linings of reliquaries in European treasuries; equally impressive are pieces wrapping the bodies of mummies found in China. Byzantine and Sasanian silks have been discovered in graves in Egypt. showing the taste for the material among local, upper-class populations (15.109 ). Silk’s role as a valuable commodity ensured that its production continued for several centuries. Examples with classical imagery featuring crosses and Arabic inscriptions show the enduring popularity of older motifs (1987.442.5 ; 51.57 ).

Such luxury goods, however, were within the means of the relatively rarified elite. More mundane trade items formed the true foundation of the Byzantine and early Islamic economies. Late antique ostraka вЂ”pottery fragments with writing in Greek or Coptic, most of them from EgyptвЂ”are particularly valuable for historians studying trade (14.1.157 ). These documents include information about everyday life. such as receipts for commercial products like linen, letters between farmers about crops and livestock, and information about changing political and fiscal administration. Byzantium’s wealthy southern provinces generated significant tax income for the imperial treasury based on these goods, and the loss of these territories in the seventh century dealt a major blow to the empire’s finances.

Tools of the Trade Other kinds of material evidence speak to the practical mechanisms of commerce in the Byzantine and early Islamic periods. Surviving coins are valuable because they are often dated and include rulers’ names, allowing scholars to map out changing patterns in the circulation of money. Numismatists, for instance, study the purity of metal content in coins to understand changes in the overall economy. Financial crises can be partially discerned in coins’ lowered precious-metal content, while differing numbers of coins in hoards reveal governmental oversight in recalling older coinages. It is also possible to trace broader cultural shifts in the transition from coins in Greek with images of the emperor in the Byzantine period. to the purely epigraphic examples popularized under the Umayyads (04.35.3356 ; 99.35.2386 ).

Surviving weights and balances give a sense of the tools used in negotiating commercial transactions. Byzantine-period balances and weights in the fanciful shapes of human and mythological figures served an important function in assuring customers of fair exchanges. (59.184 ). Similarly, government-issued glass weights from the early Islamic period assured consumers that the weights were balanced fairly. It was particularly important to ensure that gold and silver coins had not been shaved or otherwise modified in value, and indeed many of these glass weights include their equivalent weights in specific coin denominations (08.256.3).

Global Routes and Local Markets Lastly, we might consider the spaces where trade occurred, both along routes and in cities. Archaeologists have drawn attention to the value of material culture in documenting Byzantine and early Islamic trade networks. The Red Sea, for instance, has emerged as an important corridor for long-distance trade between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Study of networks like these allows us to track the cultural exchanges made possible by the movement of people and goods along prescribed routes. For example, Mecca and Medina at the time of the Prophet Muhammad were important cities at the intersection of trade networks, pilgrimage routes, and migrations of local tribes.

Similarly important are the urban settings of trade in the form of local markets. In some instances, the early Islamic period witnessed the construction of new marketplaces, as in Baysan (Beth Shean, Scythopolis) in the early Umayyad period. An impressive blue and gold wall mosaic there names the caliph Hisham as the market’s patron and the date 120 A. H./737вЂ“87 A. D. In other cities, the transition was more organic, as older urban fabrics transformed to accommodate burgeoning trade. For instance, in Tadmur (Palmyra ), present-day Syria, the stately columns of the city’s classical decumanus (main east-west thoroughfare) filled up with the ramshackle stalls of a suq (bazaar or marketplace). Whereas such structures were once viewed as symptomatic of the decline of the pristine ancient city, they are now understood more positively to reflect the vibrancy of commerce and cultural interaction during the transitional period.

Elizabeth Williams Department of Islamic Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Citación

Relacionado

Primary Essays

Secondary Essays

List of Rulers

Chronology

Palabras claves

See Also

Steelyard Weight with the Bust of Athena

Ostrakon with a Letter from Frange to Enoch

Solidus

Vine Lattice with Birds

Textile Fragment with Hunting Scene

Roundel with Amazons and a Cross

Coin Weight

Transporte

Historically, societies have always located near water, due partly to the fact that water enables more efficient travel compared to going over land. Waterways are critically important to the transportation of people and goods throughout the world. The complex network of connections between coastal ports, inland ports, rail, air, and truck routes forms a foundation of material economic wealth worldwide.

Within the United States, waterways have been developed and integrated into a world-class transportation system that has been instrumental in the country's economic development. Today, there are more than 17,700 kilometers of commercially important navigation channels in the lower 48 states.

Early History of Water-based Transportation

The historical development of water-based transportation is connected to the importance of domestic and international trade. Early exploration of North America identified large amounts of natural resources such as fisheries, timber, and furs. Trade centers were established along the east coast of North America where goods could be gathered together and ocean vessels could transport them to consumers in Europe and other foreign areas. The success of commercial trading companies spurred the introduction of

Waterways in developing countries are critical avenues for local and regional commerce. Fruit and vegetable vendors flock to floating markets on rivers and canals, such as this one in Bangkok, Thailand.

more colonial settlements that in turn resulted in additional increases in population, economic activity, and trade.

From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, small subsistence farms were prevalent among the American colonies. Eventually larger farms emerged and produced crops such as wheat, tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton that were commercially marketable in Europe. Ocean vessels transported the bulk, low-value goods from the colonies to Europe and returned with high-value, low-density goods such as inks, linens, and finished products that had a much higher return on the investment per vessel trip.

Agricultural production continued to grow and support the growing colonies' economic development. The speed and low cost of transporting goods by water influenced the locations of population settlements near navigable water (rivers, lakes, canals, and oceans). Goods produced on inland farms were transported via inland waterways to the coastal ports. Goods shipped by smaller vessels from surrounding ports were transported to New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, and exported on larger oceangoing ships. These ships from the smaller ports then transported imported goods back to the surrounding ports.

During the 1700s, the British government passed many acts, such as the Navigation Acts and the Stamp Act of 1765, designed to collect taxes from the colonists. The acts affected trade, and were met with opposition from the colonist. In Philadelphia during the fall of 1774, the "Declarations and Resolves of the First Continental Congress" called for non-importation of British goods, and became a catalyst for the American Revolutionary War (1775–1784). The resulting independence for the United States allowed trade a free rein, and it flourished.

Westward Expansion.

The westward expansion of the United States exposed a wealth of natural resources and an increased production in agricultural goods. The inland transportation infrastructure of roads, railroads, canals, and rivers connected the early western settlers with the rest of the nation, and enabled goods to move from the west back to more populated areas in the east and onto other parts of the world. The River and Harbor (Appropriations) Act of 1876 established federal funding of waterways to promote national commerce but not to benefit any particular state nor to allow waterway tolls.

Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Increased levels of world trade resulted from the economic growth occurring since the end of World War II in 1945. The United States was in the position to take advantage of new trading opportunities as new world markets opened. Developing countries demanded capital goods, agricultural products, consumer goods, and commercial services, which the United States could provide. As these nations produced goods for export, the United States became a market for these goods.

A significant factor in the opening of the inland waterway system (and the resultant world trade superiority of the United States) was the advances in ship technology and the application of steam power to ships that traveled the extensive water network. Larger and faster ships emerged from the advances in ship and engine design and improvements in construction materials.

Methods of cargo handling evolved to keep pace with the larger vessel sizes. The introduction of palletization and roll-on/roll-off cargoes enabled vessels to be loaded and unloaded in less time. The emergence of containerization in the late 1950s dramatically affected the shipping industry and port infrastructure. The increasing size of containerized cargo vessels became a driving force in the demand for expanded ports and improved facilities.

Importance to Foreign Trade.

Transporting goods with foreign trading partners can be accomplished by road, water, rail, or air. However, for the

Modern ferries, cruise ships, and many types of recreational boats carry passengers for purposes ranging from daily business commuting to fishing to sightseeing. The ferry system in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada) exemplifies the importance of waterways for transportation.

majority of foreign trading partners, the only options for transportation are water or air. Water-based transportation is generally the most costeffective mode for the majority of internationally traded goods.

About 95 percent of U. S. foreign trade passes through its port system. Ports function as the transfer point between land and water transportation of cargo. * For vessels to transport the foreign traded cargo, they must be able to access the ports through established channels. The channels provide adequate water depths for the vessels and navigational aids.

Today's Global Trade.

Today the world economy has become globalized. The economic system is changing from one with distinct local and national markets, separated by trade barriers, distance, time, and culture, to one that is increasingly converging and integrating into a global economy.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United States was the world's leading trader in 1998, accounting for about one billion tons of ocean-bound trade (about 20 percent of the world's total ocean-bound trade) out of about 2.4 billion tons of total foreign trade. In 2000, according to the U. S. Department of Transportation, approximately $736 billion of goods (about 40 percent of the total U. S. foreign trade by dollar amount) were shipped via ocean vessels and passed through U. S. ports. By 2020, international trade is estimated to more than double (by weight) within the United States, with the majority of this trade projected to move via ocean shipping.

Marine Transportation System.

According to the Department of Transportation, when cargo is transported by water within the United States, 95 percent of the time it involves the Marine Transportation System (MTS). This comprehensive system resulted from years of water transport development involving such U. S. organizations as the Coast Guard, Maritime Administration, Army Corps of Engineers, NOAA, and Environmental Protection Agency.

The U. S. Marine Transportation System moves people and goods via coastal and inland waterways. The diversity of the system's users is illustrated in this photograph of the Port of Tacoma, Washington, where a sea kayaker shares the water with a container vessel. (Container cranes and Mount Rainier are visible in the background.)

The MTS is a complex and diverse national network of waterways, ports, and intermodal landside connections that allows various modes of water-based transportation. The system includes: navigable waterways (such as the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway); publicly and privately owned commerce-carrying vessels; over 3,500 bulk oil transfer facilities; more than 350 ports located at approximately 4,000 marine terminals; about 40,000 kilometers of navigable channels; more than 235 locks and dams at over 190 locations; shipyards; rail yards; vessel repair facilities, over 10,000 recreational marinas; and a trained labor staff that operates and maintains the entire infrastructure. Users of the waterway system each year include 70,000 port calls for commercial vessels, 110,000 fishing vessels, and 20 million recreational vessels.

International Maritime Fleets and Law

Many nations around the world have built up their fleets to become very profitable. Since World War II, the size of the U. S. flag merchant fleet has declined, partly due to improved technologies and partly due to foreign competition among fleets. But while this number of ships has declined, the productivity has greatly increased. Since 1970, these fewer ships carry 42 percent more cargo. However, the U. S. fleet accounts for less than 5 percent of all commercial foreign trade by weight. Data from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Maritime Administration indicate the following composition and carrying capacity of the U. S.-flag fleet in 2000:

Passenger 1. 1,265 Passenger: 368,000 passengers

Dry Bulk: 10 Dry Bulk: 2,124,000 metric tons

Dry Cargo/Offshore Support: Dry Cargo: 47,253,000 metric tons 2,910

Tanker: 173 Tanker: 19,172,000 metric tons

Vehicular/Railroad Car Ferry: Railroad/Car Float: 89,000 metric 229 tons

Dredge: 570 Other 2. 1,072,000 metric tons

Other 2. 45 Total: 72,078,000 metric tons/

1 Includes ferries and day excursion vessels

2 Includes certain general cargo, roll-on/roll-off, multipurpose, LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) vessels, and deck barges

All ships must be registered to one of the world's nations so that responsibility for violations of international laws and conventions may be assigned. This causes many shipping companies to shop around for nations that give them the best values on taxes, wages, and legal restrictions.

Liberia has the largest shipping fleet in the world. Relatively smaller countries like the Bahamas, Honduras, the Marshall Islands, Panama, and Vanuatu have large fleets as well. The United Nation's International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for improving the safety of international shipping, preventing marine pollution, and facilitating international maritime traffic. The Department of Transportation has the overall lead on all maritime issues for the United States, and works with the IMO on these issues.

Economics, National Security, and the Environment

The United States dependence on seas and waterways has been vital to its economic success and national security. The pool of skilled labor working on U. S. flag vessels is also a national security asset. This workforce is relied upon to meet surges in shipping needs in the advent of emergencies. The merchant marine has played a historical role in military conflicts. In 1996, the Maritime Security Act established the maritime security program to support a fleet of U. S. commercial vessels with American crews to support the military and economic security of the country; approximately 47 vessels participate in this program.

The inland waterways are also a national security asset. The 1920 Jones Act required domestic waterborne commerce to be transported in vessels built in the United States, documented under U. S. laws, and owned by U. S. citizens. The Jones Act covers over 42,000 commercial vessels, 124,000 jobs, and $15 billion in economic activity. Many other countries have similar laws restricting foreign access to domestic trade shipped via waterways.

The MTS is also vital to national security. The ability to rapidly deploy troops and materials worldwide is critical to the country's defense. The Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA) is a standby agreement intended to make commercial, intermodal dry cargo capacity and supporting infrastructure available to meet contingency deployment needs of the Department of Defense. Since World War II, approximately 95 percent of all military equipment and material sent to combat and crisis areas was ship cargo transported by ocean vessels. For example, during the Persian Gulf War (1990–1991), nearly all domestic supplies intended for U. S. military forces traveled by ship.

Marine transportation is an important use of the ocean. Increased demands will be placed on U. S. ports and waterways as domestic and international trade continues to expand. These increases in the use of waterways and port facilities must be achieved while still protecting human health and the environment.

and William Arthur Atkins

Bibliografía

Bauer, K. Jack. A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.

Hershman, Marc J. Urban Ports and Harbors Management. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1988.

Hill, Forest G. Roads, Rails, and Waterways: The Army Engineers and Early Transportation. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1957.

Kendall, Lane C. The Business of Shipping. Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press, 1979.

Marcus, Henry et al. Federal Port Policy in the United States. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1976.

Internet Resources

U. S. Port Totals by Type Service. U. S. Foreign Waterborne Transportation Statistics Program, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and Department of Transportation. <http://www. marad. dot. gov/statistics/usfwts/index. html> .

What is the Marine Transportation System? U. S. Department of Transportation. <http://www. dot. gov/mts/about. htm> .

* See "Oil Spills: Impact on the Ocean" and "Ports and Harbors" for photographs of busy U. S. ports.

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Freshwater Molluscs as Indicators of Bioavailability and Toxicity of Metals in Surface-Water Systems

Abstracto

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The Islamic University of Gaza (Arabic: Ш§Щ„Ш¬Ш§Щ…Ш№Ш© Ш§Щ„ШҐШіЩ„Ш§Щ…ЩЉШ© ШЁШєШІШ©‎), also known as IUG, IU Gaza, or The University of Gaza, is an independent Palestinian university established in 1978 in Gaza City, Palestinian territories. The university, according to its website, has 10 faculties capable of awarding either B. A. B. Sc. M. A. M. Sc. Diploma and higher diploma in their respective disciplines. The Islamic University of Gaza is a member of four regional and international association of higher education which are the International Association of Universities, Community of Mediterranean Universities, Association of Arab Universities and Association of Islamic Universities.

The Islamic University of Gaza awards Master of Science and Master of Arts degree in the following areas and majors:

&toro; Faculty of Engineering: the faculty of engineering awards masters in the following majors: (Civil Engineering/Infra Structure, Civil Engineering/Construct. Management, Civil Engineering/Structure, Design & Rehabilitation Of Structures, Electrical Engineering/ Control Systems, Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering/Construction Management.

&toro; Faculty of Science: the faculty of science awards masters in the following majors: Mathematics, Physics, Water Resources Management. Also, the faculty of science awards masters in Biological Sciences with concentration on the following areas: Zoology, Microbiology, Medical Technology, Botany and Mycology.

&toro; Faculty of Commerce: The faculty of commerce awards Master of arts degree in the two main majors of Accounting and Finance, and Business Administration. The Business Administration has the following concentrations: Human Resource Management, Marketing Management, and Financial Management.

&toro; Faculty of Education: the faculty of education awards masters degree in the following majors: Psychology, Curricula and Methodology, Fundamentals Of Education, and Rehabilitation Sciences. The Curricula and Methodology has the following concentrations: Mathematics, Arabic Language, Sciences, English, and Instructional Technology The Fundamentals Of Education has the following concentrations: Islamic Education and Educational Administration.

&toro; Faculty of Art: the faculty of art awards master of arts degree in the following majors: Literature, Rhetoric and Criticism, Modern History, and Islamic History.

&toro; Faculty of Shariah and Law: awards master of art in three majors which are: Foundations Of Jurisprudence, Comparative Jurisprudence, and Islamic Jurisdicrion.

&toro; Faculty of Ussoul Eldeen: awards master of arts in three majors which are: Hadith, Aqidah, and Quran and Its Interpretaion.

Address: Jamal Abdel Naser Street, Al-Remal, Gaza, 00972 Gaza strip

Phone: +972 (0)8 2825106 +972 (0)8 2825106

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Gulf Engineering can help your company be more successful. We can help you maintain, turnaround, repair or replace your industrial equipment, building facilities, refinery or chemical plant

Gulf Engineering's Machine Shop can handle the biggest repair jobs, particularly on rotating and reciprocating equipment. Gulf can balance rotating equipment in the field or in our shop. We can do your welding jobs, machining, boring, grinding, turning or any other operation on the biggest equipment. Our field services can do many milling jobs at your site. Gulf can manufacture your parts from a drawing or a prototype or we can make your prototype. Gulf Engineering is an authorized service center for Lawrence Pumps.

Gulf's Offshore, Marine and Industrial Equipment Sales can get your equipment, parts and fluids to keep your facility or equipment running smoothly. Whether it's a silencer for a diesel engine, a sewage treatment plant for an offshore rig or industrial equipment like strainers, pumps, expansion joints, centrifuges, blowers, or watermakers call Gulf to get the right equipment.

Our Water Management Group can be your partner to keep your boiler, cooling tower, closed-loop system or other heat exchanger running smoothly without corrosion, scaling or microbial fouling. With today's rising energy costs, you can't afford to waste energy and water by inadequate water treatment. Gulf provides the finest water treatment products for boilers, cooling towers and closed-loop heat exchangers and for cleaning them as well. Our service personnel are experienced and will visit your facility monthly or some appropriate interval to check on your system and keep it running right. Whether you have a small building, a chemical plant or a sugar mill, Gulf Engineering can keep your heat exchange equipment in like-new condition for your energy savings.

Community Research and Development Information Service - CORDIS

SHADUF

Objetivo

Ancient practices of water harvesting, catchment and distribution had guaranteed for years water supplying to the countries and the towns all over the Mediterranean area. These techniques rooted into the society and the environment, thus becoming as a part of the local knowledge able to create the identity and the harmonious management of landscape. An articulated variety of water systems, such as the foggaras, the qanats, the khattaras - drainage tunnels -, the shadufs - wells with a balance bar, the filter cisterns, the terracing, the drainages, the stone barrows, the harvesting soils and the diversion dikes, shaped in time the Mediterranean landscape, thus acting on its functionality and on its beauty as well. Nowadays, the risk of water shortage, desertif ication and degradation of soils depending on the global warming, the increase of urbanization and the agricultural industrialization is high. As consequence of this, the reuse of the traditional water systems is on one hand a fundamental contribution to t he water resource management based on the local sustainability and on the other hand the recovery of aesthetical values of the monuments which are a further resource for people. The cases of study the consortium focused on are the leading examples for a me thodology which could be suitable also in other situations.'

Related information

New and renewed equipment for the aluminum extruder.

We offer new and renewed aluminum extrusion equipment, replacement parts and supplies to the aluminum extruder.

We trade in renewed aluminum extrusion presses; handling systems; pullers; stretchers; hot saws; water quench systems; finish saws; billet saws; age ovens; die ovens; billet furnaces; log furnaces, shears and anything else required in the extrusion industry.

Some of our current stock can be viewed by scrolling down on this page. If you have any other, specific needs please let us know.

In addition we offer replacement parts to the aluminum extruder, for example: dummy blocks, cylinders, die slides and shuffles, tie rods, containers, container relines and stems.

ALL USED EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS SHOWN ON THIS WEBSITE ARE SOLD “AS IS, WHERE IS”. ALL SPECIFICATIONS NOTED ARE AS DETAILED BY OWNER OF THE SYSTEM(S) AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BY THE BUYER. THERE IS NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEED IMPLIED OR CONTRACTED, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED ON THE OFFER.

Elhaus Log Furnace with Hot Shear and Pre-heating.

Block Diameter: 7"-10"

Current Diam. 10"

Output: 5,5 T/Hr

Year of revamping: 1999

DCT 50 sec / 15-20 billets per hour

Billet heater UTIS / 6 zones revamped by Cometal

Maximal log length. 7 Meter / Chain drive log storage table for 10 logs

Handling equipment: Run-out 42 meters / initial rollers & slat conveyor belt

6 meter long intensive air and water spray quenching unit

fixed hot saw at 7830 mm from press exit / Cometal single puller

Stretcher 80T - manual / Finishing saw 3 meter up to 10 meter

Walking beam cooling table

Elhaus finishing saw with measuring table.

UBE 3600 MT piercer extrusion Press Line

GRAMM / GRAF Beitzer

OILGEAR SOLENOID OPERATING HEAD FOR PREFILL VALVE

ABIC Ventilator Gas Burner for powdercoat furnace

Oliver 94-DHX Straitline Cut-Off Saw

Various PLC Spare Parts

Solar Power, MPPT, Chargers For On Grid & Off Grid - For Home, Commercial & Industrial - Solar Energ

Products for Abu Dhabi Solar Energy Initiatives:

You can put your trust in EEMT. We provide world top of the line for Abu Dhabi Solar Energy initatives, the OutBack Power Solar / wind inverters and accessories. All of OutBack solar energy related products are guaranteed. Our especially offer for Abu Dhabi market the Solar Energy related products at competitive prices. We look forward to serving you!

OutBack Power the name you can trust!

OutBack Distributor for UAE & Arabia Saudita

EmiratesGreen Electrical & Mechancial Trading Khalifa Street Fax 00971 2 491 0758 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Marine: OutBack Mobile inverters provide AC power for marine vessels when shore power is not available.

OutBack offers a line of Mobile Inverters for Marine Applications well known for reliability and durability, and an extremely high power density. OutBack also offers a family of sealed inverters designed to work in the harsh environments encountered by marine vessels.

Vehicle Power: OutBack Mobile inverters provide AC power for RVвЂ™s and government vehicles when line/shore power is not available.

OutBack offers a line of Mobile Inverters for Vehicle Power Applications well known for their durability, high surge capability for starting motors, and high power density. OutBack also offers a family of sealed inverters designed to work in the harsh environments often encountered by motor vehicles.

OutBack Power has designed and engineered reliability right into the product making our rugged power electronics suitable for many applications and offered for Solar Energy applications in Abu Dhabi. Whether you are planning a residential, commercial, global, mobile or government installationВ OutBack PowerВ products are designed to meet your needs.

Off Grid House with No Utility Power, Only Solar and Generator

For remote cabins or vacation homes, where utility power is not an option. OutBackвЂ™s power electronics provide the backbone infrastructure for people producing their own power either through renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power or traditional generators.

Off Grid House with No Utility Power, Only Solar and Generator

Teyseer Air conditioning and Refrigeration

Teyseer Air conditioning and refrigerator is sole Agent and main distributor and supplier of MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES (MHI) Multi split Air-Conditioner and KX & VRF System in Qatar, with over (35) years of experience in this filed with Quality of air conditioning equipment for commercial and residential use. We offer a wide range of products and services, specializing particularly in the field of comfort air-conditioning and refrigeration. The Company is sole distributor for MITSUBISHI HAVY INDUSTRIES Air-Conditioning equipment. Comprehensive after-sales services of A/C equipment’s are available through the Company’s own fully equipped Workshop. The company is managed by MR. KHALID A. R. AL MANNAI who is a member of Directors in Teyseer Group.

Our Vision:

To be the first choice partner in the field of Air-conditioning services, for people to move into the world of cooling and bacteria free Air through quality of services. We sell solution for cooling as per availability of MHI products. We target a steady and sustainable growth and satisfied customers.

Our Mission:

To establish and maintain a customer preference based organization

To provide high quality and innovative services through adaptation and cooling in state of art infrastructure with a team of professionals.

To continuously develop, motivate our customers of communication and partnership in the development of services.

To maintain the reputation of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as the best air-conditioners in Qatar market.

CSR:

TEYSSER AIR CONDITIONING operates a continuous CSR (sustainable responsible business) policy, with a role to realize a sustainable society through it’s Various areas of business.

Our Message:

To achieve this aim, we seek to provide further value by improving the technologies we have fostered and using new ideas and concepts to integrate our diverse technologies. From a global perspective, we work to solve the problems facing our customer and to realize everyone's dreams.

Welcome to Electric Trading Company. We're currently testing our new site. Please forgive any inconvenience - we appreciate your interest and consideration.

If you need to place an online order immediately, please use: The Original Blowerwheel. com

or if you need immediate assistance please call 212-226-0575 for customer service.

We're Looking forward to advancing our operations and serving our customers well into the future.

Thank you for your business and patience from Electric Trading Company - since 1903

Our Product Line-up:

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What Is International Trade?

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If you walk into a supermarket and are able to buy South American bananas, Brazilian coffee and a bottle of South African wine, you are experiencing the effects of international trade.

International trade allows us to expand our markets for both goods and services that otherwise may not have been available to us. It is the reason why you can pick between a Japanese, German or American car. As a result of international trade, the market contains greater competition and therefore more competitive prices, which brings a cheaper product home to the consumer.

What Is International Trade? International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand. affect and are affected by global events. Political change in Asia, for example, could result in an increase in the cost of labor, thereby increasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia, which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at your local mall. A decrease in the cost of labor, on the other hand, would result in you having to pay less for your new shoes.

Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and water. Services are also traded: tourism, banking, consulting and transportation. A product that is sold to the global market is an export. and a product that is bought from the global market is an import. Imports and exports are accounted for in a country's current account in the balance of payments .

Increased Efficiency of Trading Globally Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country that can. This is known as specialization in international trade.

Let's take a simple example. Country A and Country B both produce cotton sweaters and wine. Country A produces 10 sweaters and six bottles of wine a year while Country B produces six sweaters and 10 bottles of wine a year. Both can produce a total of 16 units. Country A, however, takes three hours to produce the 10 sweaters and two hours to produce the six bottles of wine (total of five hours). Country B, on the other hand, takes one hour to produce 10 sweaters and three hours to produce six bottles of wine (total of four hours).

But these two countries realize that they could produce more by focusing on those products with which they have a comparative advantage. Country A then begins to produce only wine and Country B produces only cotton sweaters. Each country can now create a specialized output of 20 units per year and trade equal proportions of both products. As such, each country now has access to 20 units of both products.

We can see then that for both countries, the opportunity cost of producing both products is greater than the cost of specializing. More specifically, for each country, the opportunity cost of producing 16 units of both sweaters and wine is 20 units of both products (after trading). Specialization reduces their opportunity cost and therefore maximizes their efficiency in acquiring the goods they need. With the greater supply, the price of each product would decrease, thus giving an advantage to the end consumer as well.

Note that, in the example above, Country B could produce both wine and cotton more efficiently than Country A (less time). This is called an absolute advantage. and Country B may have it because of a higher level of technology. However, according to the international trade theory, even if a country has an absolute advantage over another, it can still benefit from specialization.

Other Possible Benefits of Trading Globally International trade not only results in increased efficiency but also allows countries to participate in a global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is the amount of money that individuals invest into foreign companies and other assets. In theory, economies can therefore grow more efficiently and can more easily become competitive economic participants.

For the receiving government, FDI is a means by which foreign currency and expertise can enter the country. These raise employment levels, and, theoretically, lead to a growth in the gross domestic product. For the investor, FDI offers company expansion and growth, which means higher revenues .

Free Trade Vs. Protectionism As with other theories, there are opposing views. International trade has two contrasting views regarding the level of control placed on trade: free trade and protectionism. Free trade is the simpler of the two theories: a laissez-faire approach, with no restrictions on trade. The main idea is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to be done to protect or promote trade and growth, because market forces will do so automatically.

In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market accordingly. Protectionism exists in many different forms, but the most common are tariffs. subsidies and quotas. These strategies attempt to correct any inefficiency in the international market.

The Bottom Line As it opens up the opportunity for specialization and therefore more efficient use of resources, international trade has the potential to maximize a country's capacity to produce and acquire goods. Opponents of global free trade have argued, however, that international trade still allows for inefficiencies that leave developing nations compromised. What is certain is that the global economy is in a state of continual change, and, as it develops, so too must all of its participants.

A standby letter of credit, or SLOC, is a financial instrument that provides a guarantee of payment to a beneficiary in the. Leer respuesta completa >>

Absolute and comparative advantage are two important concepts in international trade that largely influence how and why nations. Leer respuesta completa >>

In international trade, it is not possible for a country to have a comparative advantage in the production of all goods. Leer respuesta completa >>

The current account records exports and imports of goods and services as well as unilateral transfers whereas the capital. Leer respuesta completa >>

Some commodities are consumables, but not all consumables are commodities. Commodities encompass the raw materials used to. Leer respuesta completa >>

Aspects of maritime law are relevant to international trade. However, delivery duty paid (DDP) only determines which party. Leer respuesta completa >>

Delivery duty paid (DDP) cannot be insured, although insurance of goods during transport is one of the seller’s responsibilities. Leer respuesta completa >>

Laws and regulations on delivery duty paid (DDP) vary between countries, but they are overall very similar. Regulations regarding. Leer respuesta completa >>

Groundwater

Groundwater is the water beneath the earth's surface which filters through and is held in rock, gravel or sand. Groundwater can be found in all areas of NSW, although its quantity and quality vary widely. An aquifer is a geological formation such as permeable rock or unconsolidated material (gravel, sand silt or clay known as alluvium) which can hold groundwater.

An important natural resource in NSW, groundwater is a source of drinking water for many rural towns and is used for industrial needs such as mining. It also supports the domestic and stock requirements of farms or remote households and communities, and can be used for irrigation. While water availability in a river can change very quickly because of rainfall or dry conditions, groundwater availability is more stable.

Groundwater is most commonly accessed by bores or wells. Of all water use in NSW, 11 per cent is sourced from groundwater. The Office of Water is responsible for the management of groundwater resources in NSW.

Until relatively recently, management of the state's groundwater resources was generally focused on investigation and subsequent development. Little attention was paid to the impacts that extraction might have on its continuing availability and the possible impacts on the environment.

The NSW State Groundwater Policy Framework Document (PDF 2 MB) highlights the need to manage the access to groundwater within the sustainable yield of a system so that the availability of the resource is sustained for all consumptive uses as well as the dependent ecological processes. Sustainable groundwater management also requires the protection of water quality and groundwater dependent ecosystems .

Most groundwater in NSW is sourced from groundwater systems covered by water sharing plans. Partly or fully buried groundwater sources have little or no surface expression (outcrop), and therefore have very little or no water available for extraction based on rainfall recharge. The NSW policy for managing access to buried groundwater sources (PDF 2 MB) presents a framework for allowing access to a small percentage of groundwater storage in specified porous rock groundwater sources, subject to certain criteria being met.

Groundwater trading rules are established by the relevant water sharing plan in areas covered by the Water Management Act 2000 . For access to new licences for groundwater in areas still under the Water Act 1912 . a licence application under may be lodged, subject to any embargo order applying to that area.

For information on applying for a transfer in areas under the Water Act 1912 . visit Licensing under the Water Act 1912

More information on Groundwater licences under the Water Act 1912 – Frequently asked questions

More information on Embargo orders applying to groundwater outside water sharing plan areas in NSW .

Monitoring groundwater

The NSW Office of Water undertakes drilling to investigate the states' groundwater resources. The Office of water has more than 3000 monitoring bores and uses computer-based groundwater modelling to better understand groundwater flow systems.

Broken Hill groundwater bore drilling project and town water supply

The NSW Government is making provisions for further water supply by establishing a groundwater program to be used only when there is insufficient surface water.

The NSW Office of Water will continue undertaking a groundwater investigation to find water to secure an 'emergency town water supply' for Broken Hill to be used during times when there is insufficient surface water to meet that need.

Expanding our networks

The Office of Water is increasing the spatial coverage of our monitoring bore network through the drilling of new groundwater bores in key areas of NSW between August 2013 and August 2014. The three areas of construction are Gunnedah to Spring Ridge, Broke-Bulga and Merriwa. Download the factsheets below for more information:

As of May 2014, the NSW Office of Water has completed six new monitoring bores, with four in the Broke-Bulga area and two west of Gunnedah. The drilling at Broke-Bulga is complete with groundwater monitoring bore fixtures yet to be installed. West of Gunnedah, two deep monitoring bores have been completed and the Office of Water's drilling rig has now moved south of Gunnedah to the Spring Ridge area where work is ongoing. In addition, a second drilling rig will be mobilised to the Merriwa area in May 2014, where a monitoring bore is to be drilled.

NSW groundwater works

NSW groundwater work details provide preformatted reports (borehole logs) containing information about licensed water bores, wells and excavations. Please note there is a slight delay while this application is loading.

For information about obtaining a licence for a groundwater works (licensed water bores, wells and excavations) please go to Licensing under the Water Act 1912 .

Groundwater status reports

The Office of Water is producing a series of status reports on the state's groundwater resources. These reports describe the physical state of the resources for different areas, provide information on groundwater licensing and use, and discuss the response of the groundwater system to variability in groundwater use and rainfall.

Groundwater sources summary reports

The Office of Water is producing a series of annual summary reports on the state's groundwater sources describing water sharing plan provisions, available water determinations, account management rules and groundwater trading. These reports will include up to date information on access licences, water account information, trade statistics, groundwater extractions and water levels.

Resource condition assessment reports

The Office of Water undertakes risk assessments following the implementation of a water sharing plan.

Groundwater trading and management of local impacts reports

These reports provide information on trade assessment rules, established local impact areas and in-house tools developed to manage groundwater extractions at a local level.

Thirlmere Lakes groundwater assessment

The NSW Office of Water has undertaken an assessment of the possible causes of water level decline reported for Thirlmere Lakes in recent times.

Various lines of evidence have been considered to establish the likely cause of the reported water level decline. These have included consideration of Tahmoor Colliery operations, long-term rainfall records, broader catchment river flow data and regional groundwater levels.

No hydrology data exists for the lakes themselves, however the local and region hydrology data that is available indicates that the most likely cause of the reported water level declines in Thirlmere Lakes is due primarily to the prevailing climatic conditions. Specifically the continuing declining trend in rainfall, established during the recent severe drought, appears to be affecting on surface water runoff and recharge to groundwater. This trend needs to be reversed by extensive and protracted rainfall events before recovery in flows and lake levels can be observed.

As a result of this investigation, there was no evidence to suggest that mine fracturing or subsidence has affected the water levels in Thirlmere Lakes in any substantial way.

Thirlmere Lakes drilling project

The NSW Office of Water has completed the drilling of four groundwater monitoring bores in the vicinity of three of the five Thirlmere Lakes at the Thirlmere Lakes National Park. Drilling was undertaken to address one of the data gaps identified by the NSW Office of Water in a groundwater assessment report published in December 2010. The lack of a groundwater monitoring record in the vicinity of the lakes has been a significant missing element in understanding the Thirlmere Lakes hydrogeologic environment.

Thirlmere Lakes drilling report

The results of the completed drilling project have been documented in the Thirlmere Lakes drilling report (PDF 8 MB. Please note this will take 19 minutes to download at 56 Kbps). The report details the drilling and construction of the monitoring bores completed during May and June 2011. About 190 linear metres of drilling was successfully completed, of which samples have been collected for future research projects. A copy of the report was provided to the Thirlmere Lakes Independent Inquiry Committee.

The drilling will not result in immediate answers to the problem of declining water levels in the lakes, but the monitoring bores will be used to collect long-term information for future interpretation.

Additional works relating to the monitoring of lake levels and rainfall within the lakes catchment will be needed to complete the picture. The monitoring bores will provide evidence of groundwater level trends over the long-term as a progressive record of automatic data is gathered.

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Related information

The capabilities of the company include Engineering, Procurement, Installation & Commissioning. The company is active in the various stages of Construction

We are well experienced in Transmission Lines and Substations and have the capability of handling even the most intricate projects right from Concept to Commissioning involving all the required factors like Design, Mobilization, Manufacture of Towers & Line Material, Erection and Testing & Commissioning to the fullest satisfaction of all our clients.

Raissy has a strong reputation for constructing high-quality sustainable property assets in sectors including industrial and commercial.

Raissy is now a leading water and sewage network contractor, with significant experience in engineering, procuring and constructing major pipeline projects, including erection of Pump Station of water transmission lines including boost pump, anti-hammer system and pipeline network.

Welcome to Raissy Company

Raissy Co. Ltd. is a 100% Saudi-owned Construction Company was founded in 1978 and was incorporated in 1993, operating from our main office along Khurais road. Since that time our manpower and facilities had increased to do highly sophisticated kind of engineering tasks that is unique for each of our clients such as Design. Installation, Turnkey Projects, Maintenance of Electro-Mechanical System; Design, Supply, Installation and Testing and Commissioning of Control System Projects; Design, Supply, Installation and Commissioning of Power Transmission Lines. We treat your business as if it is our own. The level of trust needed for our customer's project to succeed has resulted in Raissy Company's deep and abiding reputation for integrity, dependability and expertise.

Welcome Aqua Blue

Welcome to Aqua Blue Website! Our website is structured in a way that caters to your needs – its simplicity, clarity and ease of communication are some of the ways that demonstrate how customer satisfaction is our top priority.

You can also find latest offers, products and services time to time being offered by us at your finger tips. It is very easy to explore. We have designed it keeping the view of our customer needs so that they can be beneficent our latest offers as these available.

So go ahead and put us to the test! We encourage you to start surfing and enjoying the many pleasures of having Aqua Blue and Arab Fresh Water not only at your home, but also at your finger tips.

"Quality is our moto." "Customer Satisfaction is our assets"

CALL 800 3088

Bienvenido

Founded on a legacy of 40 years, Delma Emirates Group was corporatized in 2008 to capitalize on the synergy and to provide an integrated vision and leadership to its member companies. Delma Emirates Group is a dynamic and rapidly progressive business group with multi-disciplinary infrastructure construction and associated activities as its core interest, supplemented by rapidly growing interests in trading, investment, manufacturing and technology.

Our approach throughout the group is client-focused, and our ability to respond to changing needs and environments attests to our commitment to delivering the best results with integrity.

Group Companies

Chairman's Message

12 group companies and growing. Over 7,500 employees and a turnover of more than AED 3.6 Billion. This is just the begining. Lee mas

Thanks for your feedback!

News & Events

Sobre nosotros

From an ancient pearl-trading harbor to a flourishing tourist destination, Delma Island has come a long way. In recent years this little island has gained prominence and is now part of the Abu Dhabi 2030 plan. Like our namesake, we too have evolved. Starting small, the Delma Group of Companies has now grown into a major multinational organization with various divisions. All linked by one unifying attribute: Confidence.

This is a quality that drives how we do business. It defines the way we deal with our clients, vendors and associates and ensures we deliver the best return on investment. And it is our confidence that has helped us reach key milestones over the years. In 1985 RAPCO built the only tunnel in Abu Dhabi (Airport Road). This was followed by the Mabani constructed Mafraq Water Treatment plant worth AED 417 Million in 1986. In 1995 RAPCO was contracted to build the Abu Dhabi - Al Ain Expressway, the single largest contract in Al Ain. And in 2000, we completed the largest water distribution project in Qatar worth AED 320 Million.

There are organizations that prefer to find a niche and settle in it. Companies that tend to limit their expertise to a single industry. We are not one of them.

We like breaking new ground. Driven by our confidence in infrastructure engineering, we have ventured into new and uncharted territory through the years. And it is our confidence that has determined how we approach the unknown - with open minds. We have taken our learnings from every area of specialization and adapted them to every potential opportunity. In fact, it is this drive to succeed that has enabled us to deliver over AED 30 Billion worth of critical infrastructure over the last four decades. And today our portfolio includes a diversity of expertise that is hard to match: oil and gas pipelines, major civil engineering works, international investment, roads and bridges, critical national infrastructure, water and sewerage works, manufacturing and trading.

Servicios

Infrastructure Construction:

Roads and highways

Bridges and tunnels

Sewerage/water/storm water networks

Irrigation networks

Water treatment plants

Commercial and residential buildings

Power transmission and distribution

Gas pipeline maintenance

Major earthworks

Plant & equipment supply

Specialist construction materials supply

Petroleum products trading and supply

Surveying services

Real estate

International commodity trading

Fabricación

Venture capital and investments

Group Companies

Our confidence comes from collaboration, across industries, expertise and geographies. Our group companies work together towards one common goal to give us an edge over the competition.

Capital Survey

http://www. capital-surveys. com

Delma Transport

http://www. delmatransport. com

Wateco

http://www. delco-uae. com

Delma Emirates Diesel

http://www. delmafuel. com

ATECO

http://www. atecouae. com

Mabani-Delma General Contracting

http://www. mabanidelma. com

Delma Engineering

http://www. delco-uae. com

Delma Investments

http://www. delmainvestments. com

Delma Trading

http://www. delco-uae. com

Sam's Leather Collection

http://www. samscollection. ae

Toyo Engineering

http://www. toyo-eng. co. jp

Heliopolis Electric Company

http://www. heliopoliselectric. ae

Al Dhafra Specialized Equipment Co. LLC

Infrastructure

Nothing represents opportunity as much as an open road, which is how it began for us. With roads, then tunnels and bridges, underground utility construction and engineering services for the UAE and then the wider GCC, we soon became the leaders in providing critical infrastructure for the region.

Now we have grown into a diverse infrastructure engineering and construction service provider. We offer complete turnkey solutions: front-end surveying and analysis, electro-mechanical works, procurement and supply, complex construction execution and project financing.

But, we still retain the thrill of a new journey. We’re always open to new partnerships, joint ventures and long-term relationships that will complement our skills, products and services.

Our most important projects include the widening of the road between Al Ajban and Abu Dhabi/Dubai Highway worth AED 289 Million. The second from our list of accomplishments was the supply, construction and maintenance of the water supply network for Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation worth AED 257 Million. With the third being the construction of Sewer & Storm water networks including the detention pond at Al Khawaneej site for Dubai Municipality for AED 279 Million.

Tecnología

Constantly evolving, we keep up to speed.

In fact, we have always embraced and pioneered the use of new technology in the region. It is one of the pillars of our group. And as our group has evolved so has our status as a leader in the trading of technology products and services. Our current portfolio includes: physical and electronic security systems, banking automation, home automation, power generation, civil defense technology and system integration.

Key Projects include the Abu Dhabi City Surveillance System, Terminal 3 Surveillance system for Dubai Airport and Geographical and Hydrographic surveying across the GCC.

Diversidad

Inspired by our success in construction and engineering we have confidently expanded our portfolio of services to include new areas of business. From trading coffee beans in Brazil to supplying fire-fighting equipment in the UAE, our expertise is as diverse as the countries we deal with.

Starting with RAPCO in 1968, we quickly expanded to make our mark in other industries. We went from infrastructure to agriculture trading and are currently involved in the trade of fertilizers, soya oil, soya seeds, coffee and soya beans.

Our fuel division deals with trading fuel, lubricants, bitumen and other related petrochemical products within the UAE. We are one of the leading suppliers of fire-fighting equipment and FG Wilson generator sets and are industry experts at procuring and integrating complex pipeline networking systems. While our international expertise extends to land, marine, GIS and geophysical surveys as well as geotechnical services with fully developed material testing laboratory services.

Transportation also forms an essential part of our offering as a group. We supply various commercial vehicles and heavy equipment to the construction and industrial sectors, representing internationally renowned brands including Komatsu, Caterpillar, Volvo, Man, Hamm and Tadno.

Investment

Having perfected our expertise in the field of infrastructure engineering, we made our entry into the world of investment. To most companies, that may seem like a big move, we considered it natural progression. We leveraged our learning from money management through our multinational experience and focused on offering financial solutions.

We began with Delma Investments, an AED 500 Million company. This was followed by investment in capital markets, equities, foreign exchange, commodities, new technologies and aircraft leasing. As the frontline company in the group, we have varied interests. This includes commercial and residential property development, foreign exchange, commodities trading and new technologies amongst other structured investments. We have an asset capitalization of more than half a billion dirhams; a diversified portfolio across seven different sectors; and are equipped with innovative solutions to support group activities and provide a strong foundation for future expansion.

Carreras

We believe that a global company needs global perspectives. This is why our staff is just as diverse as our industrial expertise. Our employees come from all across the globe, each one bringing new ideas, unique potential and specialized skills - all working together toward a common objective.

On our staff roster, you will see professionals from Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Morocco, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, UAE, Uganda, UK, US and Yemen. And with over 7,500 employees, we can truly claim global capability. Through the combination of our people and their capabilities, we are constantly achieving new levels of efficiency and success. The skills, insights and knowledge gained through our multinational staff and international operations give us the ability to deliver a wide range of services in line with global best practices. While the collective experience of our industry experts enables us to guarantee world-class quality in all the services we offer.

Our employees are more than just the people who fulfill the day-to-day responsibilities of our organization. Every one of them has been selected for their experience and we consider them progressive partners. We recognize that they are a key asset and we provide an environment that nurtures personal and professional growth through equal opportunity and appropriate training programs.

Cultural diversity is at the heart of our business, ensuring that all our associates have equal access to information, development and opportunity. This helps us consolidate our global team, capitalize on their diverse talent and ideas and collectively shape the vision for the future.

Are you ready to begin your own success story with Delma Group? Join our team and be a part of a legacy that spans 40 years in the region. To apply to Delma Group, please send your resume to: careers@delmagroup. ae

Contáctenos

Delma Emirates Group P. O Box 113443 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Toll free: 800-DELMA (33562) Fax: +971 (2) 558 3885 E-mail: info@delmagroup. ae

404 significa que el archivo no se encuentra. Si ya ha subido el archivo, el nombre puede estar mal escrito o está en una carpeta diferente.

Otras posibles causas

Puede obtener un error 404 para las imágenes porque tiene Hot Link Protection activado y el dominio no está en la lista de dominios autorizados.

Si va a su url temporal (http: // ip /

Username /) y obtener este error, tal vez un problema con el conjunto de reglas almacenadas en un archivo. htaccess. Puede intentar cambiar el nombre de ese archivo a. htaccess-backup y actualizar el sitio para ver si se resuelve el problema.

También es posible que haya borrado su raíz de documento de forma inadvertida o que su cuenta tenga que ser recreada. De cualquier manera, póngase en contacto con su anfitrión de la tela inmediatamente.

¿Estás usando WordPress? Consulte la sección sobre errores 404 después de hacer clic en un enlace de WordPress.

Archivos perdidos o rotos

Cuando obtenga un error 404 asegúrese de comprobar la URL que está intentando utilizar en su navegador. Esto le dice al servidor qué recurso debe intentar solicitar.

En este ejemplo, el archivo debe estar en public_html / example / Example /

Observe que el CaSe es importante en este ejemplo. En plataformas que hacen cumplir la sensibilidad de mayúsculas y minúsculas y E xample no son las mismas ubicaciones.

Para los dominios addon, el archivo debe estar en public_html / addondomain. com / example / Example / y los nombres distinguen entre mayúsculas y minúsculas.

Imagen rota

Cuando usted tiene una imagen que falta en su sitio usted puede ver una caja en su página con con una X roja donde la imagen falta. Haga clic derecho en la X y elija Propiedades. Las propiedades le dirán la ruta y el nombre de archivo que no se pueden encontrar.

Esto varía según el navegador, si no ves una casilla en tu página con una X roja, haz clic derecho en la página, luego selecciona Ver información de la página y ve a la pestaña Medios.

En este ejemplo, el archivo de imagen debe estar en public_html / cgi-sys / images /

Observe que el CaSe es importante en este ejemplo. En plataformas que imponen la sensibilidad de mayúsculas y minúsculas PNG y png no son las mismas ubicaciones.

Al trabajar con WordPress, 404 Page Not Found los errores a menudo pueden ocurrir cuando un nuevo tema ha sido activado o cuando las reglas de reescritura en el archivo. Htaccess se han alterado.

Cuando se encuentra con un error 404 en WordPress, tiene dos opciones para corregirlo.

Opción 1: Corregir los Permalinks

Inicie sesión en WordPress.

En el menú de navegación de la izquierda de WordPress, haga clic en Configuración & gt; Permalinks (Observe la configuración actual.) Si está utilizando una estructura personalizada, copie o guarde la estructura personalizada en alguna parte.

Seleccione Predeterminado.

Haga clic en Guardar configuración.

Cambie la configuración de nuevo a la configuración anterior (antes de seleccionar Default). Vuelva a poner la estructura personalizada si tenía uno.

Haga clic en Guardar configuración.

Esto restablecerá los permalinks y solucionará el problema en muchos casos. Si esto no funciona, puede que tenga que editar su archivo. htaccess directamente.

Opción 2: Modificar el archivo. htaccess

Agregue el siguiente fragmento de código a la parte superior de su archivo. htaccess:

# BEGIN WordPress & lt; IfModule mod_rewrite. c & gt; RewriteEngine En RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^ index. php $ - [L] RewriteCond%! - f RewriteCond%! - d RewriteRule. /index. php [L] & lt; / IfModule & gt; # End WordPress

Si su blog está mostrando el nombre de dominio incorrecto en los enlaces, redirigir a otro sitio, o falta imágenes y estilo, todos están relacionados con el mismo problema: tiene el nombre de dominio incorrecto configurado en su blog de WordPress.

El archivo. htaccess contiene directivas (instrucciones) que le indican al servidor cómo comportarse en determinados escenarios y afectan directamente al funcionamiento de su sitio web.

Los redireccionamientos y la reescritura de URL son dos directivas muy comunes encontradas en un archivo. htaccess, y muchas secuencias de comandos como WordPress, Drupal, Joomla y Magento agregan directivas al. htaccess para que puedan funcionar.

Es posible que necesite editar el archivo. htaccess en algún momento, por varias razones. Esta sección explica cómo editar el archivo en cPanel, pero no lo que necesite ser cambiado (puede que tenga que consultar otros artículos y Recursos para esa información.)

Hay muchas maneras de editar un archivo. htaccess

Editar el archivo en su computadora y subirlo al servidor a través de FTP

Utilice el modo de edición de un programa FTP

Utilice SSH y un editor de texto

Utilice el Administrador de archivos en cPanel

La forma más fácil de editar un archivo. htaccess para la mayoría de la gente es a través del Administrador de archivos en cPanel.

How to Edit. htaccess files in cPanel's File Manager

Antes de hacer cualquier cosa, se sugiere que haga una copia de seguridad de su sitio web para que pueda volver a una versión anterior si algo sale mal.

Abra el Administrador de archivos

Inicie sesión en cPanel.

En la sección Archivos, haga clic en el icono Administrador de archivos.

Marque la casilla de raíz del documento y seleccione el nombre de dominio al que desee acceder desde el menú desplegable.

Asegúrese de que Mostrar archivos ocultos (dotfiles) "esté marcado.

Haga clic en Ir. El Administrador de archivos se abrirá en una nueva pestaña o ventana.

Busque el archivo. htaccess en la lista de archivos. Puede que tenga que desplazarse para encontrarlo.

Para editar el archivo. htaccess

Haga clic con el botón derecho en el archivo. htaccess y haga clic en Edición de código en el menú. Alternativamente, puede hacer clic en el icono del archivo. htaccess y luego hacer clic en el icono del Editor de códigos en la parte superior de la página.

Puede que aparezca un cuadro de diálogo preguntándole acerca de la codificación. Simplemente haga clic en Editar para continuar. El editor se abrirá en una nueva ventana.

Edite el archivo según sea necesario.

Haga clic en Guardar cambios en la esquina superior derecha cuando haya terminado. Los cambios se guardarán.

Pruebe su sitio web para asegurarse de que los cambios se hayan guardado correctamente. Si no, corrija el error o vuelva a la versión anterior hasta que su sitio vuelva a funcionar.

Una vez completado, puede hacer clic en Cerrar para cerrar la ventana Administrador de archivos.

Operations and Maintenance

Operations and Maintenance jobs at Shell are essential to the ongoing successes of the company.

In one of our Operations and Maintenance roles, you will be part of a growing team that is tasked with the safe and efficient day-to-day operation of our global projects and assets. Working in our oil refineries, our petrochemical plants, onshore and offshore production fields, and other operations, a career in Operations and Maintenance at Shell is one right at the front line of the company’s activities.

We are looking for highly ambitious and safety-conscious candidates who can fill positions such as:

Process and Control Room Operators

Field Operators

Offshore Operators

Instrumentation Technicians

Mecánica

Millwrights

Machinists

Electricians

Pipefitters

Welders

In an Operations and Maintenance career, you will have the opportunity to progress in an environment that encourages both personal and professional development, and be part of some of the most ground-breaking projects anywhere in the industry.

Shell is an Equal Opportunity Employer and encourages applications from all qualified individuals. We’re looking for people with a strong safety focus and technical aptitude, as well as a strong work ethic, adaptability and communication skills. You must be legally entitled to work in United States; be willing to support Shell’s drug-free, harassment-free, and diverse work environment; be willing to work the schedule for your assigned work location and, for safety-sensitive roles, must be physically fit to meet occupational requirements. Additional details for specific roles can be viewed in job postings.

Application and Testing Process

A guide to facilitate the application process for operations/technician and maintenance crafts positions at Shell.

The first step towards joining Shell as an Operations or Skilled Craft professional is to look through our current job vacancies. Please use our Job Search engine or go to www. shell. ca/jobs to begin.

Once you find a vacancy that interests you, you can apply using the online application form. Within 48 hours, you should receive confirmation that we’ve received your completed application.

Please note that Shell (nor any of the organizations that recruit on our behalf) never ask for any money or payments from applicants, at any point in the recruitment process. All individuals who are successful in gaining an offer of employment from Shell, whether directly or indirectly, are always required to go through a formal recruitment process.

For some vacancies, we conduct a pre-employment test battery to assess job-specific behaviours required for the position. Candidates who are selected for testing will be notified via e-mail and sent a test invitation to self-schedule a test appointment. Please note that if you have successfully completed our test battery in the past 5 years, you are not required to re-test; we will have your successful test scores on file. If you have been unsuccessful, you will not be permitted to take the test within 4 months of your last test date.

Although no specific preparation is required, you may wish to review our practice test prior to your testing session. Please review the APTITUDE TEST STUDY GUIDE. Please note that all materials required for the exam (including pencils and scrap paper) will be provided for you at the testing location.

Those candidates most closely meeting the hiring requirements will be contacted to schedule an interview. If you are selected, you will be sent an e-mail requesting you to register yourself for the interview time that works best for you. Those who are not selected will also be sent an e-mail notification. The interview is behavioural based and may also include a technical component

Interviewing preparation and tips:

Do your homework (research Shell and gain familiarity with Shell’s operations, sites and values; also read and understand the requirements of the job and how your experience, skills and strengths relate to the role you are applying for)

Be prepared for a behavioral interview. Shell uses the STARR assessment method described below. Think of situations and be prepared to discuss examples touching on the following points:

Situation – What was the context? Describe the situation.

Task – What was needed? What were the objectives?

Action – What did you do? What difficulties did you encounter?

Relationships – Who else was involved? How did you motivate them?

Results – What was the outcome? What did you learn?

We'll endeavour to notify you of the outcome of the Final assessment within a few days of the event.

Please note that all the timelines described above are average times for each step in the process. However during periods of high applications, each step can take longer.

Operations Technical Internship Program

The primary intent of Shell Exploration and Production Company’s (SEPCo’s) Operations Technical Internship Program is to build a sustainable workforce for the future in the oil & gas industry by providing candidates enrolled in Operations, Craft and Technology students the opportunity to work in Shell’s operations environment for a period of between three and four months.

Internship program

What is the Operations Technical Internship Program about?

The internship program will begin with an intensive orientation and training session at Shell’s Robert Training Center in Robert, Louisiana. During this orientation and training session, you will receive training in the following areas:

Computer Systems Usage

Health Safety and Environmental

Process Skills Certifications

Team Building

Following the completion of the orientation and training session, you will be assigned to your internship work location. During the FIRST hitch of your internship, you will be EXPOSED TO the following:

Offshore safety orientation

Operations overview

Produced water sampling

Observing and recording vessel pressures and levels

Putting a well in test

Running Norman samples

Performing a BBSP Observation

Participating in an emergency drill

Work with skilled workers to perform preventative maintenance

During the SECOND hitch of your internship, you will PARTICIPATE IN some of the following under supervision:

Safety presentations

Observe an Emergency Drill from the ICS Center

Launch a pig

Check a chemical injection pump rate

Transfer chemicals

Fill out a Notification in SAP

Facilitate a team meeting

Work with skilled craft workers to perform preventative maintenance

Facilitate a morning community meeting

Make safety presentations

Observe an Emergency Drill from the ICS Center

Check a chemical injection pump rate

Transfer chemicals

Fill out a Notification in SAP

Facilitate a team meeting

Work with skilled craft workers to perform preventative maintenance

At any time during your internship, you may perform/participate in the following as scheduling permits:

Wash out/clean a skidpan

Ride in a Personnel Basket or Work Basket

Participate in Lock-out/Tag-out procedure

Participate in a Monthly Capsule Inspection

Participate in a Monthly Crane Inspection

Can I participate?

To be eligible, candidates must have completed at least the first year of an Associate degree or two years of a BA/BS degree in one of the academic degree programs listed below, and should not have graduated more than two years prior to beginning the Internship. Additionally, candidates must have a current GPA of 2.5 or higher.

Electrical/Electronics Technology (Electrical, Electronics, Mechatronics, etc.);

Instrumentation Technology

Mechanical (Compressor Technology, Diesel Maintenance, Industrial Maintenance, Industrial Technology)

Petroleum Technology

Process/Production Technology (Oil & Gas Technology, Process Technology, Production Technology, Integrated Production Technology, etc.)

Proceso de selección

You will receive email confirmation of your application once it is submitted. Please note, written communications are sent to the email address provided with your application.

Once your application is received, your qualifications will be assessed, and you will receive an application status email. If you are eligible for further consideration, the next step in the selection process is the Testing Phase. You will receive detailed instructions regarding the testing process, test locations and the test schedule. Candidates who have already met Shell’s minimum score requirement will not be required to re-take the test.

At the completion of the Testing Phase, candidates who meet the minimum test score requirement will be assessed and those who most closely meet Shell’s hiring criteria will be forwarded to the Operations Hiring Team for review.

The Operations Hiring Team will select and contact candidates most closely meeting the hiring criteria for an interview. Shell conducts telephone interviews. Upon completion of the interviews, those candidates most closely meeting the hiring criteria will receive a “Conditional Internship Offer.” Those candidates who are not selected will be notified.

Candidates selected to receive a "Conditional Internship Offer" will receive an offer package and detailed instructions on the steps required to be completed. You should focus your efforts on completing all requirements as quickly as possible. Candidates who do not successfully complete all of the required background, medical and reference checks prior to the start of the internship may not be permitted to begin the internship.

We wish you much success and thank you for your interest in Shell.

Retirement Systems of Alabama Buys 3,096 Shares of Aecom (ACM)

Retirement Systems of Alabama increased its position in Aecom (NYSE:ACM) by 1.6% during the fourth quarter, according to its most recent 13F filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The fund owned 194,553 shares of the company’s stock after buying an additional 3,096 shares during the period. Retirement Systems of Alabama’s holdings in Aecom were worth $5,842,000 as of its most recent SEC filing.

Other large investors have also modified their holdings of the company. Ferguson Wellman Capital Management Inc. acquired a new stake in shares of Aecom during the fourth quarter worth about $11,559,000. Country Trust Bank boosted its stake in shares of Aecom by 12.0% in the fourth quarter. Country Trust Bank now owns 680,705 shares of the company’s stock worth $20,442,000 after buying an additional 72,994 shares in the last quarter. Three Peaks Capital Management acquired a new stake in shares of Aecom during the fourth quarter worth about $1,293,000. BB&T Securities boosted its stake in shares of Aecom by 55.1% in the fourth quarter. BB&T Securities now owns 39,400 shares of the company’s stock worth $1,183,000 after buying an additional 14,000 shares in the last quarter. Finally, Dynamic Advisors Solutions boosted its stake in shares of Aecom by 8.3% in the fourth quarter. Dynamic Advisors Solutions now owns 40,852 shares of the company’s stock worth $1,227,000 after buying an additional 3,114 shares in the last quarter.

Aecom (NYSE:ACM ) traded down 0.92% during midday trading on Monday, hitting $30.12. 546,261 shares of the company traded hands. The company’s market capitalization is $4.60 billion. Aecom has a 12-month low of $22.80 and a 12-month high of $35.40. The stock’s 50-day moving average price is $26.76 and its 200 day moving average price is $28.36.

Aecom (NYSE:ACM) last issued its quarterly earnings data on Tuesday, February 9th. The company reported $0.68 EPS for the quarter, topping analysts’ consensus estimates of $0.60 by $0.08. During the same quarter in the previous year, the business earned $0.71 earnings per share. The company had revenue of $4.21 billion for the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $4.38 billion. The company’s revenue was up 2.1% on a year-over-year basis. On average, equities analysts forecast that Aecom will post $3.20 EPS for the current year.

ACM has been the subject of a number of recent research reports. Credit Suisse decreased their price objective on shares of Aecom from $34.00 to $29.00 in a report on Tuesday, February 9th. Argus upped their price objective on shares of Aecom from $36.00 to $38.00 and gave the stock a “buy” rating in a report on Monday, November 23rd. Citigroup Inc. decreased their price objective on shares of Aecom from $40.00 to $36.00 and set a “buy” rating for the company in a report on Wednesday, February 10th. Sterne Agee CRT started coverage on shares of Aecom in a report on Thursday. They issued a “buy” rating and a $38.00 price objective for the company. Finally, TheStreet cut shares of Aecom from a “buy” rating to a “hold” rating in a report on Tuesday, February 16th. Five research analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and seven have given a buy rating to the company’s stock. Aecom presently has a consensus rating of “Buy” and a consensus target price of $33.78.

In other Aecom news, Director William G. Ouchi sold 4,956 shares of Aecom stock in a transaction on Tuesday, March 1st. The shares were sold at an average price of $28.82, for a total value of $142,831.92. Following the sale, the director now directly owns 9,068 shares in the company, valued at approximately $261,339.76. The sale was disclosed in a document filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which can be accessed through this link. Also, Director William P. Rutledge sold 8,075 shares of Aecom stock in a transaction on Wednesday, February 17th. The shares were sold at an average price of $26.10, for a total transaction of $210,757.50. Following the completion of the sale, the director now owns 34,329 shares in the company, valued at $895,986.90. The disclosure for this sale can be found here.

AECOM is a provider of professional technical and management support services for commercial and government clients around the world. The Company provides planning, consulting, architectural and engineering design, and program and construction management services for a range of projects, including highways, airports, bridges, mass transit systems, government and commercial buildings, water and wastewater facilities, and power transmission and distribution.

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Find a Distributor

The Imperial Electric Company (Pvt) Ltd 28-National Towers, Egerton Road, Lahore, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Ejaz Ashraf Tel: 0092-42-36304861-5 Fax: 0092-42-36304866 Email: ejaz. ashraf@iec. com. pk

Hameed Automation Rehmat-ulil - Alamin Market, 7 Nishter Road, Lahore, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Arif Iftikhar Tel: 0092-42-37378444 Fax: 0092-42-37671578 Email: arif@sahamid. com

Megaplus Pakistan House # 211, Street 33, F-10/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Rizwan Anjum Tel: 0092-51-111003355 Fax: 0092-51-2111530 Email: rizwan. anjum@megaplus. com. pk

Azcorp Engineering Services F-29/8, Block-9, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Niaz Shah Mir Tel: 0092-21-35870012, 0092-21-35870023 Fax: 0092-21-35870024 Email: contact@azcorp. net

Elektrotechnik Mansion Office 3, 1st Floor, Altaf Hussain Road, Denso Hall, Karachi, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Mohamamd Ali Tel: 0092-21-32639477, 0092-21-32636656, 0092-21-32639488, 0092-21-32639287 Email. ihaq_elektro@hotmail. com

Sh. Wilayat Ahmed & Sons SR-20/1, Campbell Street, Karachi, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Zubair Farooqui Tel: 0092-21-32624011 Fax: 0092-21-32626314 Email: wilayat@super. net. pk

Inpro Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd 46-A, Main Gulberg, Lahore, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Sadiq Azhar Tel: 0092-42-111146776 Fax: 0092-42-35777597 Email: sadiq@inproglobal. com

CNS Engineering 70-A, XX Commercial Area, Phase III, DHA, Lahore, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Najam Mian Tel: 0092-42-32560257 Fax: 0092-42-32560258 Email: najam. mian@cnse. com. pk

Accrescent Engineers (Pvt) Ltd Suite # 410-412, Anum Estate, 49-DACHS, Block 7/8, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Furqan ur Rehman Tel: 0092 21 34380254, 0092-21-34539780, 0092-21-34316316 Fax: 0092-21-34534883 Email: furqan. rehman@accrescent. com. pk

JKS (Pvt) Ltd Office # 07, 3rd Floor, Al-Latif Center, Main Boulevard, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan Contact Person: Mr. Khurram Jan Tel: 0092-42-37804796 Fax: 0092-42-35781110 Email: khurram@jks-int. com

I & MS IMS Center, 10 K, Block 6, PECHS Karachi, Pakistan 65400 Contact Person: Mr. Mahmoud U Haq Tel: 0092-21-34313196-7 Cell: 0092-300-8293070 Email: mahmood@haqholdings. com

Join the Team

Welcome to Al Sulaimi Group Holding and its group of companies. Al Sulaimi Group Human Resources policies are developed to provide general guidelines on the policies and procedures for employees of ASG and its affiliated companies. This is used as a reference to policies that are subject to modification and amendment when needed without prior notice. Employees are expected to refer to the company’s Human Resources (HR) department for clarification or further explanation of the rules and regulations of the establishment.

Al Sulaimi Group

Al Sulaimi Group of companies started in 1970. The Group covers a wide range of industries and services. ASG activities offer engineering and industrial solutions in many domains such as welding & cutting, fire & safety, security systems, automotive workshops, industrial and construction equipment & consumables, Oil & Gas, NDT inspection, metal fabrication yards and maintenance and repair workshops. Al Sulaimi Group of companies started in 1970. The Group covers a wide range of industries and services. ASG activities offer engineering.

Corporate Video

Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment & administración

Approach Considerations

The therapeutic approach to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is guided by the probability of cure, which is related directly to the stage or degree of tumor dissemination. [2, 3, 4] More than 50% of patients with early stage renal cell carcinoma are cured, but the outcome for stage IV disease is poor.

The 2009 American Urological Association guideline for management of the clinical T1 renal mass recommends reviewing all available treatment options and the associated benefits and risks with the patient. This review should include oncologic issues, renal functional issues, and potential complications. [16]

The principal treatment options for renal cell cancer are as follows:

Surgical resection remains the only known effective treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma, and it also is used for palliation in metastatic disease. Targeted therapy and immunomodulatory agents are considered standard of care in patients with metastatic disease. Experimental treatment approaches include vaccines and nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Options for chemotherapy and endocrine-based approaches are limited, and no hormonal or chemotherapeutic regimen is accepted as a standard of care. Objective response rates with chemotherapy, either single-agent or combination, are usually lower than 15%. Therefore, various biologic therapies have been evaluated.

Renal cell carcinoma is an immunogenic tumor, and spontaneous regressions have been documented. Many immune modulators have been tried, including the following:

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells plus IL-2

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation

About 25-30% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and fewer than 5% have a solitary metastasis. Surgical resection is recommended in selected patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. This procedure may not be curative in all patients but may produce some long-term survivors. The possibility of disease-free survival increases after resection of primary tumor and isolated metastasis excision.

Surgical resection of a solitary metastasis is recommended in selected patients with good performance status. A large retrospective analysis from a single institution revealed improved cancer-specific survival advantage, even with metastasectomy of more than one lesion. The study also revealed increased risk of death due to renal cell carcinoma in patients who did not undergo surgical resection of metastasis. [18] A study by Alt et al found that complete resection of multiple renal cell carcinoma metastases may be associated with long-term survival. [19]

Active surveillance may be an acceptable approach to delay or avoid further intervention in the patient at high surgical risk. Candidates for active surveillance include selected patients older than 70 years who have asymptomatic renal masses and slow growth documented on serial imaging. A retrospective single-institution review of 51 patients showed no metastatic spread with a median follow-up of almost 6 years; only 2 patients required surgical intervention for local progression or symptoms. [20]

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is problematic, and, whenever possible, patients should be directed to approved and controlled clinical trials. This applies as well in the adjuvant treatment of surgically resected renal cell carcinoma, for which no therapy has yet been found to offer survival benefit.

Surgical Treatment

Surgical resection remains the only known effective treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma, and it also is used for palliation in metastatic disease. Partial or radical nephrectomy may be used, depending on tumor and patient characteristics. Open, laparoscopic, or robotic surgical techniques may be used.

Partial Nephrectomy

For a T1a renal mass, the 2014 NCCN guideline recommends partial nephrectomy, stating that radical nephrectomy should not be used when nephron-sparing procedures are possible. For clinical T1b tumors, the NCCN guideline states that the standard of care is either radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy (when possible). [15]

According to the 2009 AUA management guideline, in patients with a T1 renal mass, complete surgical excision by partial nephrectomy is a standard of care and a strong option. The guideline recommends discussing the potential advantages of nephron-sparing surgery with the patient, such as avoidance of dialysis and reduced risk of chronic kidney disease. If partial nephrectomy is not technically feasible as determined by a urologic surgeon, then a radical nephrectomy should be considered as an alternate standard of care. [16]

For patients with a clinical T1a renal mass and comorbidities who are at increased surgical risk, the 2009 AUA guideline recommends that clinicians discuss complete renal excision of the mass via partial nephrectomy. Both open and laparoscopic approaches may be considered.

Thermal ablation is a less invasive treatment option that may be preferable in the patient at high surgical risk, but it is associated with a higher risk of local tumor recurrence compared with surgical excision. Biopsy is recommended for all patients undergoing thermal ablation.

The AUA guideline panel cautions that larger tumors (> 3.5 cm) and those with uneven shape or infiltrative appearance may be linked with increased risk of recurrence when managed with thermal ablation. [16] A study by Zagoria et al found that radiofrequency ablation can result in durable oncological control in patients with renal cell carcinomas that are smaller than 4 cm who are poor surgical candidates. [21]

Radical Nephrectomy

Radical nephrectomy, which remains the most commonly performed standard surgical procedure today for treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma involves complete removal of the Gerota fascia and its contents, including a resection of kidney, perirenal fat, and ipsilateral adrenal gland, with or without ipsilateral lymph node dissection. Radical nephrectomy provides a better surgical margin than simple removal of the kidney, because perinephric fat may be involved in some patients. Approximately 20-30% of patients with clinically localized disease develop metastatic disease after nephrectomy.

Some surgeons believe that the adrenal gland should not be removed because of the low probability of ipsilateral adrenal metastasis and the morbidity associated with adrenalectomy. The 2014 NCCN guideline recommends considering ipsilateral adrenal gland resection for patients with large upper pole tumors or adrenal glands that appear abnormal on CT; if adrenal glands are uninvolved, adrenalectomy can be omitted. [15]

In the absence of distant metastatic disease with locally extensive and invasive tumors, adjacent structures such as bowel, spleen, or psoas muscle may be excised en bloc during radical nephrectomy.

At least 3 common approaches exist for removal of kidney cancer: the transperitoneal approach, the flank approach, and the thoracoabdominal approach. Which approach is used depends on the tumor location and size as well as the body habitus of the patient. The thoracoabdominal approach offers the advantage of palpation of the ipsilateral lung cavity and mediastinum, as well as the ability to resect solitary pulmonary metastases.

Lymph node involvement

Lymph nodes may be involved in 10-25% of patients. The 5-year survival rate in patients with regional node involvement is substantially lower than in patients with stage I or II disease. Regional lymphadenectomy adds little in terms of operative time or risk and should be included in conjunction with radical nephrectomy.

The 2014 NCCN guideline states that patients with enlarged lymph nodes (palpable or visible or detected on preoperative imaging) should undergo lymph node dissection. To obtain needed staging information, lymph node dissection may also be performed on patients whose lymph nodes appear normal. Lymph node dissection is described as prognostic rather than therapeutic in the NCCN guideline, which cites a 2009 randomized phase 3 trial in which adding lymph node dissection to radical nephrectomy made no significant difference in time to progression, progression-free survival, or overall survival. [15]

Inferior vena cava involvement

Approximately 5% of patients with renal cell carcinoma have inferior vena caval involvement. In these cases, the NCCN guideline states that radical nephrectomy is preferred, and for stage II and III renal tumors, it is the standard of care. [15]

Tumor invasion of the renal vein and inferior vena cava usually occurs as a well-vascularized thrombus covered with its own intimal surface. In patients with renal vein involvement without metastases, radical nephrectomy is performed with early ligation of the renal artery but no manipulation of the renal vein. If the inferior vena cava is involved, then vascular control of the inferior vena cava is obtained both above and below the tumor thrombus, and the thrombus is resected intact, with subsequent closure of the vena cava. Patients with actual invasion of the inferior vena caval wall have poor prognoses, despite aggressive surgical approaches.

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy

Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a less invasive procedure than radical nephrectomy, incurs less morbidity, and is associated with shorter recovery time and less blood loss. Although the need for pain medications is reduced, operating room time and costs are higher. Disadvantages include concerns about spillage and technical difficulties in defining surgical margins. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can be considered at centers with experience in this procedure for early stage renal cell cancer.

Palliative Nephrectomy

Palliative nephrectomy should be considered in patients with metastatic disease for alleviation of symptoms such as pain, hemorrhage, malaise, hypercalcemia, erythrocytosis, or hypertension. Several randomized studies have shown improved overall survival in patients presenting with metastatic kidney cancer who have nephrectomy, followed by either interferon or interleukin-2 therapy. If the patient has good physiologic status, then nephrectomy should be performed before immunotherapy.

Reports have documented regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma after removal of the primary tumor. Adjuvant nephrectomy is not recommended for inducing spontaneous regression; rather, it is performed to decrease symptoms or to decrease tumor burden for subsequent therapy in carefully controlled environments.

Biological Response Modifiers

Interleukin 2 (IL–2) and interferons are briefly discussed in this section.

Interleukin 2

IL-2 is a T-cell growth factor and activator of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. IL-2 affects tumor growth by activating lymphoid cells in vivo without affecting tumor proliferation directly. High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) can induce durable long-term remission in 10% of patients with advanced kidney cancer, and must be considered for robust patients with excellent cardiopulmonary reserve. This treatment should generally be administered in centers with significant experience in using this agent. Patients who do not have access to high-dose IL-2, who refuse it, or who are not candidates for it should consider one of the approved targeted therapies.

In the initial study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), bolus intravenous (IV) infusions of high-dose IL-2 combined with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells produced objective response rates of 33%. In subsequent multicenter trials, not only was the response rate 16%, but it was also shown that LAK cells add no definite therapeutic benefit and can be eliminated from the treatment. [23] A high-dose regimen (600,000-720,000 IU/kg q8h for a maximum of 14 doses) resulted in a 19% response rate with 5% complete responses. The majority of responses to IL-2 were durable, with median response duration of 20 months; 80% of patients who had a complete response to IL-2 therapy were alive at 10 years.

Most patients had a clinical response after the first cycle, and those who did not show a response after the second cycle did not have a response to any further treatment. Therefore, the current recommendation is to continue treatment with high-dose IL-2 to the best response (up to 6 cycles) or until toxic effects become intolerable. Treatment should be discontinued after 2 cycles if the patient has had no regression. Combinations of IL-2 and interferon or other chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have not been shown to be more effective than high-dose IL-2 alone.

Toxic effects associated with high-dose IL-2 are related to increased vascular permeability and secondary cytokine secretion (eg, IL-1, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor, nitric oxide). The management of high-dose IL-2 toxicities requires inpatient monitoring, often in an intensive care unit.

The major toxic effect of high-dose IL-2 is a sepsislike syndrome, which includes a progressive decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an associated decrease in intravascular volume due to capillary leak. Other toxic effects are fever, chills, fatigue, infection, and hypotension.

High-dose IL-2 has been associated with a 1-4% incidence of treatment-related death and should be offered only to patients with no cardiac ischemia or significant impairment of renal or pulmonary functions. Management includes judicious use of fluids and vasopressor support to maintain blood pressure and intravascular volume and at the same time to avoid pulmonary toxicity due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema from the capillary leak. This syndrome is normally reversible.

Interferons

The interferons are natural glycoproteins with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. These agents have a direct antiproliferative effect on renal tumor cells in vitro, stimulate host mononuclear cells, and enhance expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules. Interferon alfa, which is derived from leukocytes, has an objective response rate of approximately 15% (range, 0-29%).

Interferons have been largely replaced by single-agent molecular targeted therapy. Single-agent interferon therapy is generally no longer used. Currently, the only established role for these agents is the use of interferon alfa in combination with bevacizumab as first - or second-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

The introduction of molecular-targeted therapy has essentially altered the management of advanced disease. Seven new targeted agents have been approved in the past 8 years: sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, temsirolimus, everolimus, and bevacizumab in combination with interferon.

These targeted agents have gained wide use as first - and second-line therapy. The optimal sequence of their use targeted agents is not yet defined, however. So far, combinations of currently approved targeted agents have resulted in higher toxicity with no improvement in outcome.

Based on decisions derived from level 1 evidence, the following may be considered as reasonable targeted therapy choices in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who are not eligible for high-dose IL-2 therapy. The 2014 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline gives several of these targeted therapy agents category 1 recommendations for this group of patients. [15]

For previously untreated patients with predominantly clear cell renal cell cancer of low or intermediate risk, consider pazopanib, sunitinib, or the combination of bevacizumab and interferon (IFN) alfa (all are NCCN category 1 recommendations)

For patients with previously untreated predominantly clear cell renal cell cancer with poor prognostic (high-risk) characteristics, consider temsirolimus (NCCN category 1 recommendation for poor-prognosis patients)

For patients with previously treated predominantly clear cell renal cell cancer, consider everolimus (NCCN category 1), axitinib (category 1), or sorafenib (category 2B after targeted agents and category 1 after cytokine therapy)

The 2014 NCCN kidney cancer guideline discusses the efficacy of targeted molecular approaches to treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In separate randomized phase 3 trials, each of the following treatments has been shown to be more effective than IFN alpha as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: pazopanib, sunitinib, bevacizumab plus IFN alpha, and temsirolimus.

These targeted agents were shown to prolong progression-free survival, overall survival, or both. These agents provide better results than previously recommended cytokines or placebo plus best supportive care, and are generally better tolerated than cytokines. [16]

Future therapeutic strategies

Optimal sequencing needs to be identified in future studies. It appears a therapeutic plateau has been reached with current targeted agents.

Novel immunotherapies (eg, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition) including nivolumab have been recently approved for evaluated in metastatic kidney cancer. Cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinae inhibitor, is being evaluated for MET inhibition in patients who failed therapy with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

The experimental agent AGS-003 is produced by extracting messenger RNA from a sample of a patient's tumor (obtained at the time of nephrectomy) and incorporating it into the patient's dendritic cells (obtained during a single leukapheresis procedure), thereby providing personalized immunotherapy. In a single-group phase 2 study of 21 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, combination therapy with AGS-003 and sunitinib prolonged expected survival time.

For intermediate-risk patients, median overall survival was 39.5 months, versus 20.7 months reported in a different trial in which sunitinib was used alone; comparable survival figures for poor-risk patients were 9.1 versus 5.8 months. This evidence of prolonged survival prompted a larger phase 3 trial, with results expected in 2015. [24]

Sunitinib

Sunitinib (Sutent) is a multikinase inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer that has progressed after a trial of immunotherapy. The receptor tyrosine kinases inhibited by sunitinib include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1,2, and 3 (VEGFR 1-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha), and PDGFR-beta. Approval of sunitinib was based on the high response rate (40% partial responses), a median time to progression of 8.7 months, and an overall survival of 16.4 months. [25]

The recommended dose of sunitinib for advanced renal cell carcinoma is one 50 mg oral dose taken once daily, with or without food, on a schedule of 4 weeks on treatment, followed by 2 weeks off treatment. [26]

In a phase 3 study in 750 patients with previously untreated metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, progression-free survival was longer and response rates were higher in patients who received sunitinib than in those receiving interferon alfa (IFN-alfa). [27] In final survival analyses, the median overall survival (26.4 mo) and the objective response rate (47%) was greater in the sunitinib group than in the IFN-alfa group (21.8 mo and 12%, respectively). [28]

An expanded-access trial that provided sunitinib on a compassionate-use basis to 4564 trial-ineligible patients with renal cell carcinoma from countries where regulatory approval had not been granted suggested that the safety of sunitinib in these patients was manageable and its efficacy was encouraging, particularly in subgroups associated with poor prognosis (eg, those with brain metastases, low performance status, non–clear cell disease, and elderly patients). [29] Median progression-free survival was 10.9 months and overall survival was 18.4 months (17.4-19.2 mo).

Major toxicities (grade II or higher) of sunitinib include fatigue (38%), hypothyroidism (in as many as 30%), diarrhea (24%), nausea (19%), dyspepsia (16%), stomatitis (19%), and decline in cardiac ejection fraction (11%). Dermatitis occurred in 8%, and hypertension occurred in 5% of patients.

Hypertension induced by sunitinib may correlate with a significantly higher probability of response and better disease-free and overall survival. [30] Likewise, onset of hypothyroidism in patients treated with sunitinib may portend better response. [31]

Bevacizumab

The novel combination of bevacizumab (Avastin), which is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to VEGF, and interferon has been shown to have activity against metastatic renal cell carcinoma. [32] A phase 3 trial by Escudier et al found bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a to be effective as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. [33] In July 2009, the FDA granted approval for the use of bevacizumab in combination with interferon alfa for the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. [34]

Pazopanib

Pazopanib (Votrient) is a oral multi-kinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit (stem cell receptor factor). The FDA approved pazopanib for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in 2009.

A phase 3 randomized study of pazopanib 800 mg orally daily confirmed statistically and clinically meaningful improvement of progression-free survival versus placebo (9.2 vs 4.2 months). The study enrolled 435 patients and randomized them to pazopanib or placebo in a 2:1 ratio; 233 (54%) of the patients were treatment naïve and 202 (46%) had prior cytokine therapy. In the treatment-naïve population the difference in survival was much larger between pazopanib and placebo (11.1 vs 2.8 months).

Although final overall survival results showed no significant difference between the pazopanib and the placebo arms, extensive crossover from placebo to pazopanib confounded this analysis, and post-hoc analyses adjusting for crossover suggest an overall survival benefit with pazopanib In this study pazopanib was well tolerated, with common adverse events including (diarrhea 52%), hypertension (40%), hair color change (38%), nausea (26%), and anorexia (22%). [35]

In another phase 3 study, COMPARZ (Comparing the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Pazopanib vs Sunitinib) study, pazopanib was associated with a lower median overall survival (28.4 vs 29.3 months) and lower median progression-free survival (8.4 vs 9.5 months) than sunitinib, but the differences were not considered statistically significant. COMPARZ included

1,110 treatment-naive patients with clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma and measurable disease, who were randomly assigned to treatment with either oral pazopanib 800 mg daily with continuous dosing or oral sunitinib 50 mg daily administered in 6-week cycles (4 weeks on/2 weeks off). [36, 37]

The pazopanib group had fewer dose interruptions of 7 days or more when compared with the sunitinib group (44% and 49%) and fewer reductions in the dose (44% and 51%); however, a higher proportion of patients in the pazopanib group discontinued the drug because of adverse events, primarily abnormalities in liver function tests (6% vs. 1%). [36, 37] On the other hand, when asked in another phase 3 trial (PISCES), 70% of patients selected pazopanib due to better quality of life, while 22% preferred sunitinib. [38]

Temsirolimus

Temsirolimus (Torisel) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a serine/threonine kinase important in the regulation of cell growth and division. Genes involved with the response to hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor [HIF] pathway) are also upregulated by mTOR and are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of kidney cancers. The FDA has approved temsirolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma at an intravenous (IV) dose of 25 mg weekly until progression.

Temsirolimus has been tested alone and in conjunction with interferon in patients with poor-prognosis, advanced renal cell carcinoma. Temsirolimus monotherapy at an IV dose of 25 mg weekly resulted in longer overall and progression-free survival (median survival, 10.9 mo) compared with interferon (median survival, 7.3 mo). [39] There was no significant additive effect of interferon combined with temsirolimus. A second study combining temsirolimus and interferon over a range of dose levels showed overall survival of 18.8 months and progression-free survival of 9.1 months for the combination. [40] Partial response was observed in 8% and stable disease in 36% of patients.

Common toxicities of temsirolimus include asthenia, rash, anemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperlipidemia.

Everolimus

Everolimus (Afinitor) is a serine-threonine kinase inhibitor of mTOR. This agent was approved by the FDA in 2009 for use in advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib.

The recommended everolimus dose for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma is 10 mg, to be taken once daily at the same time every day, with or without food. [41] However, the tablets should be swallowed whole, not be chewed or crushed, with a glass of water.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 trial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma that had progressed during sunitinib and/or sorafenib treatment, analysis showed significantly longer median progression-free survival with everolimus than with placebo. [42, 43] The median overall survival with everolimus was 14.8 months compared with 14.4 months for placebo; 80% of patients in the placebo arm crossed over to everolimus. [42]

A pooled analysis of four prospective, non-interventional studies provided evidence that everolimus can be safe and effective for second-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma refractory to anti-VEGF therapy. In the analysis, which included a total of 632 patients in whom one or two anti-VEGF therapies had failed, median time to progression was 6.3 months for the overall study population and 6.4 months for patients treated with second-line everolimus. Median progression-free survival was 5.5 months for the overall population and 5.8 months for the everolimus group. [44]

The most common toxicities associated with everolimus are stomatitis, infections, asthenia, fatigue, cough, and diarrhea. [41]

Cabozantinib

In a randomized, open-label study of 658 patients with renal cell carcinoma that had progressed after VEGF receptor–targeted therapy, treatment with the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (Cometriq) significantly improved progression-free survival compared with everolimus. Median progression-free survival was 7.4 months with cabozantinib treatment versus 3.8 months with everolimus treatment. However, cabozantinib had significant side effects that necessitated a dose reduction in 60% or more of patients in this trial. [45]

Nivolumab

Nivolumab (Opdivo) is a monoclonal antibody to programmed cell death–1 protein (PD-1). In November 2015, nivolumab gained a new indication in the US for patients with advanced RCC whose disease progressed despite prior antiangiogenic therapy (ie, VEGF inhibitors). Approval was based on the Checkmate-025 trial that showed improved overall survival and fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse events than everolimus in a randomized, open-label, study of 821 patients with advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma who had received previous treatment with one or two regimens of antiangiogenic therapy. Median overall survival was 25.0 months with nivolumab and 19.6 months with everolimus (hazard ratio, 0.73; P = 0.002). Additionally, the objective response rate was 25% for nivolumab compared with 5% for everolimus (P <0.001). [46]

Sorafenib

Sorafenib (Nexavar), a small-molecule Raf kinase and VEGF multireceptor kinase inhibitor, is approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This indication was based on the demonstration of improved progression-free survival in a large, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study and a supportive phase 2 study. [47, 48]

The safety and efficacy of sorafenib were also demonstrated in a nonrandomized, open-label expanded access program in which 2504 patients from the United States and Canada were treated with oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. Patients included those with no previous therapy, nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma, brain metastases, and previous bevacizumab treatment; and elderly patients. Median overall survival was 50 weeks. [49]

Sorafenib targets serine/threonine and receptor tyrosine kinases, including those of Raf, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-beta, c-KIT, fmslike tyrosine kinase–3 (FLT-3); and the glial cell-line–derived neurotrophic factor receptor (RET). A study by Verma et al concluded that the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduces the incidence of brain metastasis among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. [50]

The recommended sorafenib dose is 400 mg (two 200-mg tab) twice daily taken either 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Adverse events were accommodated by temporary dose interruptions or reductions to 400 mg once daily or 400 mg every other day.

Hypertension is a common side effect of sorafenib treatment, and may be high grade. [51] Physicians should be aware of the importance of frequent blood pressure monitoring and management, especially during the first 6 weeks after starting sorafenib.

Sorafenib toxicities (based on an updated phase 3 study database of 902 patients) include reversible skin rashes in 40% and hand-foot skin reaction in 30%. Diarrhea was reported in 43%, treatment-emergent hypertension in 17%, and sensory neuropathic changes in 13%. Alopecia, oral mucositis, and hemorrhage were also reported more commonly in the sorafenib arm. The incidence of treatment-emergent cardiac ischemia/infarction events was higher in the sorafenib group (2.9%) compared with the placebo group (0.4%). Hypothyroidism is another potential toxicity of sorafenib. [31]

Axitinib

Axitinib (Inlyta) inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors including VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Axitinib is 50-450 times more potent than first-generation VEGF inhibitors in inhibiting those VEGF receptors. The FDA approved axitinib in January 2012 for treatment of advanced RCC after failure of one prior systemic therapy.

The approval was based on a single efficacy study, (AXIS trial), in which axitinib extended progression-free survival by 2 months more than sorafenib (6.7 mo vs 4.7 mo, P < 0.0001) and produced a superior objective response rate (19.4% vs 9.4%). [52] AXIS was a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter phase 3 trial in 723 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who had failed one previous therapy. Severe toxicity requiring discontinuation of therapy was less prevalent in the axitinib group (4% vs 8%). This study is the only published phase 3 head-to-head comparison of VEGF-targeted agents.

Experimental multikinase inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma therapy

Lapatinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB-2 dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor that appears to have efficacy in the treatment of tumors that overexpress EGFR, including renal cell carcinoma. A phase 3 study in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma whose disease had failed previous therapy found that lapatinib was well tolerated and had overall efficacy equivalent to that of hormonal therapy. [53]

Experimental Therapeutic Approaches

Other experimental approaches for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines, and nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation. [55]

Lenalidomide

The immunomodulator lenalidomide (Revlimid), a derivative of thalidomide, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stimulates T and natural killer (NK) cells, and inhibits inflammatory cytokines. This agent has been evaluated extensively in hematologic malignancies. In phase 2 studies of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, lenalidomide demonstrated an antitumor effect in some cases, with disease stabilization or durable partial response. [56, 57]

Vaccines

Vaccine trials are in early stages of development. Few antigens have been identified that induce T-cell responses from renal cell carcinoma. One example of vaccine strategy is to induce the gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) into autologous cultured renal cell cancer lines by retroviral transduction. Patients are then immunized with irradiated tumor cells secreting large amounts of GM-CSF and are evaluated for immune responses and clinical tumor regression. Other approaches to vaccination include tumor lysates and dendritic cells.

Autologous vaccine therapy is now being tried in combination with cytokine therapy. A pilot study of vaccinating with the corresponding mutant von Hippel-Lindau peptides demonstrated safety and proved efficacy in generating a specific immune response in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. [58]

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation can induce sustained regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in patients who have had no response to conventional immunotherapy. In one trial, 19 patients with refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had suitable donors received a preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, followed by an infusion of peripheral blood stem cells from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) – identical sibling or a sibling with a mismatch of a single HLA antigen. [59] Patients with no response received as many as three infusions of donor lymphocytes.

Two patients died of transplantation-related causes, and eight died from progressive disease. In 10 patients (53%), metastatic disease regressed; three patients had a complete response, and seven had a partial response. [59] The durations of these responses continue to be assessed. Further trials are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate long-term benefits.

Megestrol and antiestrogens

Multiple studies have been conducted using megestrol (Megace) in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. No benefit has been shown except for appetite stimulation, so megestrol is currently not recommended. Antiestrogens such as tamoxifen (100 mg/m 2 /d or more) and toremifene (300 mg/d) have also been tried, with a response rate as low as that of most chemotherapeutic agents.

Renal Artery Embolization

Renal artery embolization with ethanol and gelatin sponge pledgets has been found effective for palliative treatment in patients who are not candidates for surgery, or who refuse surgery. A retrospective study in 8 patients with stage IV disease found that ethanol ablation controlled hematuria and flank pain. [60]

Prevention of Renal Cell Carcinoma

It is recommended that patients avoid causative factors such as smoking, obesity, occupational exposures, and other factors, as described in Etiology.

Careful surveillance of patients with end-stage renal disease or von Hippel-Lindau disease, those who have undergone renal transplantation, and other high-risk groups by ultrasonography and computed tomography scanning is recommended.

Long-Term Monitoring

According to the 2009 AUA management guideline, active surveillance is a reasonable choice for the management of localized renal masses. The AUA guideline recommends active surveillance as an option for all patients. For patients with decreased life expectancy or numerous comorbidities that would make them high risk for intervention, active surveillance is recommended as first choice.

For patients who are candidates for intervention, counseling about active surveillance should include a frank discussion of the small but real risk of cancer progression, the lack of curative therapies if metastases develop, the possible loss of a chance for nephron-sparing surgery, and the limited data on active surveillance. Larger tumors (>3-4 cm) and those with an aggressive appearance (eg, infiltrative growth pattern) may pose increased risk and should be managed in a proactive manner if possible. [16]

For stage I and II renal cell carcinoma, a complete history, physical examination, chest radiographs, liver function tests, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and calcium levels are recommended every 6 months for 2 years, then annually for 5 years. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning is recommended once at 4-6 months and then as indicated.

For stage III renal cell carcinoma, physical examination, chest radiographs, liver function tests, BUN and creatinine levels, and calcium levels are recommended every 4 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually for 5 years. Abdominal CT scanning should be performed at 4-6 months, then annually or as indicated.

Spontaneous regression has been reported anecdotally in renal cell carcinoma. As many as 10% of patients with metastatic disease show no progression for more than 12 months. All systemic therapies are associated with treatment-related toxicity and low response; therefore, close observation is an option for asymptomatic metastatic disease. Once evidence of progression or symptoms appears, appropriate therapy should be initiated.

Careful surveillance of patients with end-stage renal disease by ultrasonography and CT scanning is recommended.

As many as one third of patients with clinically localized disease may develop metastatic disease after nephrectomy, so they should be monitored carefully. In 2013, the AUA released a set of new guidelines addressing the follow-up and surveillance of clinically localized renal cancers treated with surgery or renal ablative procedures, biopsy-proven untreated clinically localized renal cancers followed on surveillance, and radiographically suspicious but biopsy-unproven renal neoplasms. [61]

Of the 27 statements in the guideline, the only one considered a standard is that patients with a history of renal neoplasm who present with acute neurological signs or symptoms should undergo prompt neurologic cross-sectional CT or MRI scanning of the head or spine based on localization of symptomatology. [61]

Other recommendations and options outlined in the guideline include the following [61] :

Bone scan can be performed in patients with an elevated alkaline phosphatase or clinical symptoms such as bone pain and/or radiographic findings suggestive of a bony neoplasm

For patients with a history of low risk (pT1, N0, Mx) renal cell carcinoma that was managed surgically, chest x-rays should be performed annually for 3 years and then only as clinically indicated to assess for pulmonary metastases

For moderate - to high-risk patients managed surgically (pT2-4, N0, Nx or any N+), the panel recommends baseline abdominal imaging (CT or MRI) within 3 to 6 months following surgery, with continued imaging every 6 months for at least 3 years and annually thereafter to year 5

For patients on active surveillance, the panel recommends abdominal imaging (CT or MRI) within 6 months of active surveillance initiation to establish a growth rate, and then annually thereafter

Following ablation, patients should undergo cross-sectional CT or MRI, with and without IV contrast, at 3 and 6 months to assess treatment success, and annually thereafter for 5 years

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Gross image of a bivalved kidney showing renal cell carcinoma in the upper half. The periphery of the carcinoma is yellow (due to high lipid content) with a central gelatinous area of necrosis.

H and E, high power of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The tumor cells have abundant pale "clear" cytoplasm.

H and E, low power of a papillary renal cell carcinoma. There are "finger-like" projections of fibrovascular stroma lined by malignant tumor cells that lack the abundant clear cytoplasm seen in a clear cell carcinoma.

H and E, high power of a chromophobe RCC composed of cells with clear, reticular cytoplasm and some with eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cell borders are often more distinct in this carcinoma than others and the nuclei are often smaller and darker.

H and E, high power of a collecting duct carcinoma composed of tubules lined by malignant cells in a background stroma that is fibrotic.

Typical renal cell carcinoma. CT scan obtained before contrast enhancement has an attenuation measurement of 33.9 HU.

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Treatments for the symptoms of JRD (juvenile renal disease) have long included a low protein prescription diet. It seems clear, however, from the research done by Kenneth C. Bovee, DVM, MMedSc, "Mythology of Protein Restriction for Dogs with Reduced Renal Function", and Delmar R. Finco, DVM, Ph. D. "Effects of Dietary Protein Intake on Renal Functions", that low protein diets do not extend the life of dogs with renal disease. The predominant effect of the low protein diet is to minimize production of uremic toxins so that the patient feels better. Phosphorus is more important in extending the life and well being of a dog with renal disease, since high phosphorus accelerates renal failure, and restricted phosphorus slows it down. Prescription diets for dogs with renal failure are low in phosphorus, so they remain a good foods for dogs in this condition. Low phosphorus diets allow management of secondary hyperparathyroidism by restricting phosphorus intake and reducing phosphorus absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. (5, 6)

Serum phosphorus levels are often not elevated in cases of juvenile renal disease. Where the reduction in renal function progresses slowly, the puppy compensates and the serum phosphorus levels can remain normal. In the cases I have followed, although BUN and creatinine levels were often greatly elevated, serum phosphorus levels were increased in only about 50% of cases.

Feeding three or four small meals a day lessens the chance of vomiting. The protein fed should be of a high quality

5. Polzin, D. J.; Osborne, C. A. Update - Conservative Medical Management of Chronic Renal Failure. Current Therapy IX (R. W. Kirk, ed.) W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 1986 pp 1167-1173. 6. Finco, D. R. The Role of Phosphorus Restriction in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure of the Dog and Cat; Proc. 7th Kal Kan Sypm. Veterinary Learning Systems, Lawrenceville, NJ 1983; pp 131-133

Several books contain recipes for homemade meals for dogs on low phosphorus and low protein diets. Among them are:

Among the petfood companies that make commercial prescription diets for dogs with kidney failure are:

Several books contain recipes for homemade meals for dogs on low phosphorus and low protein diets. Among them are:

"Home-prepared Dog and Cat Diets, The Healthful Alternative", Donald R. Strombeck, DVM, Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Ave. Ames Iowa 50014. 1-800-862-6657. www. isupress. edu (ISBN: 0813821495) "Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 4th edition.", Editors: Hand, Thatcher, Remillard and Roudebush et al. Making Pet Foods at Home. Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute, 2000.

The following two recipes are from "Home-prepared Dog and Cat Diets, The Healthful Alternative", Donald R. Strombeck, DVM, The Iowa State University Press. 2121 South State Ave. Ames Iowa 50014. 1-800-862-6657.

Egg & Potato Diet (low-protein, low-phosphorous, high-potassium, normal sodium)

1 egg, large, cooked3 cups potato, boiled with skin1 tablespoon chicken fat1 1/2 calcium carbonate tablets (600 milligrams calcium)1/2 mulitple-mineral tablet

Provides 600 kilocalories, 15.1 grams protein, 18.5 grams fat. Supports caloric needs of an 18-pound dogProvides phosphorus at 53 percent, potassium at 322 percent, sodium at 114 percent of dogs daily needs. To feed this diet with a normal amount of phosphorus, substitute 3 bonemeal tablets for the 1 1/2 carbonate tablets.

Chicken and Potato diet (low protein low phosphorus, high potassium, low sodium)

1/4 cup cooked chicken breast3 cups potato, boiled with skin2 tablespoons chicken fat1 1/2 calcium carbonate tablets (600 milligrams calcium)1/2 multiple vitamin-mineral tablet

Provides 689 kilocalories, 18.9 grams protein, 26.8 grams fat. Supports caloric needs of a 21-22 pound dogProvides phosphorus at 45 percent, potassium at 301 percent, sodium at 54 percent of a dog's daily needs. To feed this diet with a normal amount ofphosphorus, substitute 4 bonemeal tablets for the 1 1/2 calcium carbonatetablets.

The following recipe was made available by Hills Petfood Prescription Diets

The recipe is taken from:

"Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 4th edition.", Editors: Hand, Thatcher, Remillard and Roudebush et al. Making Pet Foods at Home. Topeka, KS: Mark Morris Institute, 2000, 70 authors.

(use beef with regular fat content, NOT lean beef (note S. Fleisher))

Rice, Beef and Egg Diet (Balanced low-protein, Low-phosphorus homemade formulas for adult dogs ***)

Daily food as fed formulation for a 18-kg dog

Ingredients Grams (To convert grams to ounces, multiply the grams by .0353)

Rice, white, cooked*** 237Beef, regular, cooked + 78Egg, large, boiled 20Bread, white 50Oil, vegetable 3Calcium carbonate 1.5Salt, iodized 0.5Total 390

Nutrient analysis (DM)++

Dry matter (%) 41.0Energy (kcal/l 00 g) 445Protein (%) 21.1Fat (%) 13.7Linoleic acid % 1.8Crude fiber (%) 1.4Calcium (%) 0.43Phosphorus (%) 0.22Potassium (%) 0.26Sodium (%) 0.33Magnesium 0.091

*Also feed one human adult vitamin-mineral tablet daily to dogs to ensure all vitamins and trace minerals are included. **ESHA Research. Diet Analysis Software. Food Processor Plus, version 5.03, 1990 Salem, OR. Agricultural Software Consultants, Inc. Mixit 2+, version 3.0,1991, Kingsville, TX***May substitute rice baby cereal and flavor either selection with meat broth during cooking. +Retain the fat. ++Nutrients of concern are protein, phosphorus, and potassium.

The treat recipe is from Brad Luther. He and his veterinarian made the recipe for Brad's Boxer, Albi

I have adapted these ingredients to meet albi's needs. there are manyhealthy ingredients other dogs can eat but because of her situation thisrecipe is limited. with input from the vet, these ingredients have beenchosen for easy processing by the kidneys.

Albi's treats:

2 1/2 cups whole wheat flour

1/2 tsp. polvo de ajo

6 Tblsps. low sodium, low fat chicken broth

1/2 cup cold water1 cup cooked vegetable (green beans, carrots or mixed)

Combine flour and garlic powder. mix in chicken broth and vegetable(s).add enough cold water to form a ball. pat dough to 1/2" and cut with adog biscuit cutter, cookie cutter or knife. place on a non-stick cookiesheet & bake in a preheated oven @ 350F for 25 minutes. cool on a wirerack. Since there are no preservatives, i recommend storing them in therefrigerator if they are not eaten within a week. they can also be madeahead and frozen.

This is a recipe for a homemade restricted-protein diet, similar to Hill's k/d in nutritional value and effect on compromised kidney function (the recipe comes from a sheet of such that Hill's provides for vets to give to their clients.

Canine Restricted Protein Diet

1/4 lb. ground beef (*do not* use lean round chuck) 2 cups cooked white rice (without salt) 1 hard-cooked egg, finely chopped 3 slices white bread, crumbled 1 teaspoon (5 grams) calcium carbonate* (*--Calcium carbonate sources: Ground egg shells; Drug and Health food stores.)

Also add a balanced supplement which fulfills the canine MDR for all vitamins and trace minerals.

Cook beef in skillet, stirring until lightly browned. Stir in remaining ingredients and mix well. This mixture is somewhat dry and its palatability can be improved by adding a little water (not milk). Keep covered in refrigerator. Yield 1-1/4 lbs.

Analysis As Fed Protein. 6.9% Fat. 5.5% Carbohydrate. 21.1% Moisture. 65.5% **Metabolizable energy. 750 Kcal/lb. (**This diet supplies 17% protein calories, 30% fat calories and 53% carbohydrate calories.)

Feeding Guide: Feed sufficient amount to maintain normal body weight.

Body Weight Approximate Daily Feeding 5 lbs. 1/4 lb. 10 lbs. 1/2 lb. 20 lbs. 1 lb. 40 lbs. 1-1/2 lbs. 60 lbs. 2 lbs. 80 lbs. 2 -1/2 lbs. 100 lbs. 3 lbs.

Last edit: May 09, 2005

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Ameripec Inc. is a large co-packer of national brands of non-carbonated beverages from 100% juice. Amity Vineyard Amity Vineyards is located in the North Willamette Valley region of Oregon. This region has been recognized as one of the premier Pinot noir. Amsterdam Brewing Co Founded in 1986, the Amsterdam brewing company was the first brew pub in toronto. The business was established. Anasazi Fields Winery Anasazi Fields Winery sits on the western edge of the old village of Placitas, New Mexico, between Albuquerque. Anchor Brewing Co. Anchor Brewing has played a significant role in San Francisco's rich history. Anchor's seven unique beers. Anderson Valley Brewing We carefully craft our world-class ales using only the finest ingredients; premium malted and roasted grains, hops, yeast. Anderson's Conn Valley Vineyards Anderson's Conn Valley Vineyards are located just east of St. Helena in the Napa Valley where Conn Creek flows out of. Andrews Distributing Co Striving to be the nation’s leading beverage distributor by delivering profitable growth and maximizing value to. Anheuser-Busch As the world's leading brewer for more than 45 years, Anheuser-Busch and its subsidiaries are committed to finding innovative. Anthony Road Wine Company Anthony Road Wine Company is one of the few wineries that uses only grapes grown in the Finger Lakes region to create their wines. Apffels Coffee It was 1914 in Oakland California where Apffels Coffee first started. As a young man trying to make ends meet, Edward Apffel started selling. Appalachian Brewing Co. Appalachian Brewing Company is located in an historic downtown building. The impressive three-story brick and heavy timber structure. Apple & Eve For more than 30 pure and fruitful years, Apple & Eve has been committed to producing a variety of wholesome 100% pure juices that taste. Aqua Filter Fresh Aqua Filter Fresh Inc. is a bottled water and water filtration company which. Arbor Springs Water Co Arbor Springs Water Company was founded in 1926 by Ernest Rehberg to sell the spring water previously used by. Arcadia Brewing Co Arcadia Brewing Company was established in 1996 as a microbrewery specializing in handcrafted British-style ales. Arps Dairy, Inc. Arps Dairy was started as Arps Jersey Farm in 1936 by George Arps. The dairy was operated as a farm dairy from. Atlanta Beverage Company Founded in 1930 by Stuart P. Murray, the Atlanta Beverage Company sold “near beer” and soft drinks as it was the time of Prohibition. Avalon Organic Coffees Avalon Organic Coffees is certified as an organic coffee roaster by the Organic Crop Improvement Association. B R Cohn Winery Founded by Bruce Cohn in 1984, B. R. Cohn Winery is located in the heart of Sonoma Valley. Bruce Cohn bought the land. Babcock Winery In 1978, Walt and Mona Babcock were looking for a change from Walt’s dental practice as well as the stresses of being restaurateurs. Bacardi Bottling Corp Bacardi Limited is the largest privately held spirits company in the world. The Company produces and markets a variety of super premium and premium spirits. Badger Liquor Company Badger Liquor Co. has been a family owned and operated business since 1935. Baker Distributing Corp Baker Distributing is a beverage distributor servicing the entire. Banfi Vintners Banfi Vintners, an international wine marketer, has ranked as the U. S.A.'s leading wine importer for more than three. Banko Beverage Company Banko Family Distributors (BFD) collectively sells fifteen million cases of product each year, making it the fifth largest beer. Bargetto Santa Cruz Winery Bargetto has produced hand-crafted wines in the Santa Cruz Mountains since 1933. We focus on cool climate varietals. Barton Brands Ltd. The Barton Brands portfolio contains more than 185 well-known spirits in North America. Some of the top-shelf brands include Canadian whiskies. Baton Rouge Beer Agency At Baton Rouge Beer Agency we will sell beverages to retailers efficiently and honestly, with focus on superior customer service. Bay Pac Beverages, Inc. Bay Pac Beverages, Inc. is an exporter of fruit juice concentrates, frozen fruits. Bayside Beverage Corp The distributors of fine beer and wine in Northern Michigan. Beam Global Spirits & Wine Beam Global Spirits & Wine, Inc. is the fourth largest premium spirits company in the world, with eight of the world’s. Beauchamp Distributing Co One of Southern California's largest black-owned businesses, Beauchamp Distributing delivers alcoholic. Beaulieu Vineyard Beauliea Vineyard is a Napa Valley leader with over 100 years of innovation and excellence in winemaking. Becker Vineyards Located in the Texas Hill Country between Fredericksburg and Stonewall, Becker Vineyards was established in 1992 by Richard and. Beechwood Distributors Located in New Berlin, Wisconsin, Beechwood Distributors carries a full line of Anheuser-Busch products. Beer Central At Beer Central it is our mission to provide a quick, reliable service, and the coldest, freshest product possible. In order to satisfy. Bell Mountain Located on the slopes of Bell Mountain and first identified on the U. S. Geological map of 1885, the area was designated. Ben E. Keith Foods Ben E. Keith Company is a distributor of food service products. Bergevin Lane Vineyards The winery was formed in 2001 by Gary Bergevin, his daughter Annette Bergevin, and Amber Lane. Gary and Annette’s roots. Beringer Vineyards Jacob Beringer left his home in Mainz, Germany, in 1868 to start a new life in the United States. His brother, Frederick. Berner Foods, Inc. Berner Food and Beverage, Inc. is a leading private label supplier of quality food and beverage products. Bertoline & Sons Inc Anheuser-Busch Wholesalers, together with 12 breweries and a vast network of shippers, provide the most extensive. Beverage Capital Corp Beverage Capital Corporation is a full line beverage company supplying carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. Beverage House, Inc. Beverage House Inc is a manufacturing company specializing in private label liquid tea, liquid chocolate, liquid coffee based products. Beverage Wholesalers Inc Beverage Wholesalers, Inc. is a malt beverage distributor servicing an area of southeast North Dakota and western Minnesota. Biersch Brewing Co. Gordon At Gordon Biersch Brewery Restaurant Group, the glass is always full. full of opportunity! With our authentic, hand-crafted. Big Rock Brewery Ltd Big Rock Brewery, Ltd. is a regional producer and marketer of specialty draught and packaged beer located in Calgary. Big Time Brewing Co Inc. Big Time Brewery & Alehouse has been in business in Seattle's colorful "U-District" since 1988. We are a classic American Alehouse. Big Train, Inc. Big Train, Inc. is a leading marketer and manufacturer of gourmet specialty beverages to the retail. Biltmore Estate Wine Co. The most visited winery in the United States isn’t located in Napa Valley. It’s at Biltmore Estate. Blue Ridge Beverage Co Headquartered in Salem, Virginia, Blue Ridge Beverage Company, Inc. is one of the largest wholesale beverage distributors in the state. Blue Ridge Mountain Water We are Blue Ridge Mountain Water and are based out of Wetumpka, AL. We are family owned and operated since 1988. We distribute. Bluegrass Brewing Company Bluegrass Brewing Company is a brewery and restaurant. Bolthouse Farms, Inc. At Bolthouse Farms our philosophy is simple: start with the best. Bonny Doon Vineyard At Bonny Doon Vineyard we believe wine should be as much fun as government regulations allow, great wine starts in the vineyard. Bonterra Vineyard Mendocino County evokes many images – pure, natural, rugged and unspoiled. There is a serene beauty to Mendocino. Boordy Vineyards Boordy Vineyards is Maryland's oldest family run winery. Established in 1945, Boordy is owned by the R. B. Deford family and is situated. Bottomley Distributing Co Bottomley Distributing Company commenced operation in September 1965 on No. 30th Street, San Jose. In 1975 the company. Boulevard Brewing Co. Founded in 1989, Boulevard Brewing Company has grown to become the largest specialty brewer in the Midwest. Our mission. Boundary Rock Vineyard Boundary Rock Vineyard near Willis, Virginia, is a small farmstead winery with its own seven-acre vineyard tended. Boyd Coffee Company Boyd Coffee Company produces and distributes distinctive specialty and rare estate coffees, hot and iced teas. Bridgeport Brewing Co BridgePort is Oregon's Oldest Craft Brewery. 1999 is a milestone year celebrating a 15-year mark in the craft brewing. Bridgetown Coffee Co Since our founding in 1991, our group of companies has earned the reputation of being one the most selective microroasters and beverage. Bridlewood Winery Bridlewood is a lavishly landscaped, landmark Mission-style wine estate located Santa Barbara wine country. Bronco Wine Company We are committed to growing, producing and selling the finest quality wines of the highest value to our customers. We are dedicated. Brookmere Farm Vineyards Brookmere Farm Vineyards is located in a charming nineteenth-century stone and wood barn. The entire wine production. Brown Forman Brown-Forman Corporation, one of the largest American-owned companies in the wine and spirits business, is a diversified producer. Brown's Brewing For years at Brown's Brewing we have quietly brewed some of the finest beer. Brown-Forman Corporation Brown-Forman Corporation is an independent, publicly-traded producer and marketer of premium spirits, wines, and other adult beverages. Brushy Creek Vineyards At Brushy Creek Vineyards, located in the historic Cross Timbers region of North Central Texas, we are experimenting with 36. Brutocao Cellars and Vineyards Brutocao Cellars and Vineyards is a wine maker and distributor. Passion for their craft turns winemakers. Bryant Distributing Co Bryant Distributing Company is a wholesale distributor of spirits, wines, and drink. Buena Vista Winery Inc In 1857, Agoston Haraszthy strode out on the grassy hills above San Francisco Bay and staked his claim. Buffalo Rock Co. Buffalo Rock Company has offices and distribution centers throughout Alabama, Florida and Georgia, including. Buffalo Trace Distillery Inc. Buffalo Trace Distillery provides for the complete production of bourbon whiskeys. All bourbon produced. Bully Hill Vineyards, Inc. Bully Hill Vineyards Inc. was owned by the late Walter Stephen Taylor. He was the 4th generation of his Family to be involved. Burkhardt Sales & Service Burkhardt Sales & Service is an Anheuser Busch distributor located in St. Augustine. To consistently meet and exceed. Butte Creek Brewing Butte Creek became a reality in 1995, and began production almost a year later in the Spring of 1996. The 8,500-square-foot. C2O Pure Coconut Water C2O Pure Coconut Water began its journey in 2008. Based in Long Beach, California, C2O offers an all natural, single-ingredient beverage that contains no preservatives, no sweeteners, and is naturally isotonic. C2O Pure Coconut Water is the number one selling coconut water in the natural market and is rapidly growing. Cadillac Coffee Co. Cadillac Coffee services customers in Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio through distribution centers located in throughout the region. Cain Vineyard & Winery Cain Vineyard & Winery is dedicated to our signature Cabernet blend, Cain Five. Composed of the five classic varieties. Cakebread Cellars Jack Cakebread came to photograph the Napa Valley thirty years ago for a book and while he was here, he casually mentioned. Cal-Tex Citrus Juice, Inc. At Cal-Tex Citrus Juice Inc. our goal is to become your portion fruit juice provider. Our Vita Fresh®, Citrus Pride. California Bottling Co. California Bottling Co. (CBC) is the largest contract bottler of spring water in California. The company was formed. Callaghan Vineyards Founded in 1990 by Kent Callaghan and his parents Harold and Karen, Callaghan Vineyards quickly established. Callaway Vineyard & Winery When most people hear the words “California wines” they think of Napa Valley. But there’s another wine region in Californi. Calmont Beverage Company Calmont Beverage Company was founded in Barre, Vermont in 1914 by Silvio and Nevio Semprebon. Cambridge Brewing Co. Inc. Founded in 1989 the Cambridge Brewing Company is the oldest brewery-restaurant in the Boston area and one of the nations. Canadian Springs Water Co What was at first a small enterprise was gradually transformed into a thriving business employing hundreds. Canandaigua Wine Company Established in 1945, Canandaigua Wine Company (CWC) markets and sells quality wines and beverages worldwide. Capital Brewery Capital Brewery was founded on March 14, 1984. Located in a former egg processing plant building, Capital Brewery. Capitol Beverage Corp. Capital Beverage Corporation operates as a wholesale distributor of beer and other beverages. Carolina Beer & Beverage Co. CBCo. was founded by Mike "Smitty" Smith and John Stritch in November of 1997. Smitty is a UNCC graduate that founded a successful. Carolina Canners Inc Carolina Canner's mission is to supply Carolina Canners' stockholders with the highest quality product, at the lowest. Carter Distributing Co Carter Distributing Company, Inc. has served Chattanooga and the surrounding counties for the past 40 years. We take great. Carver Brewing Co. Carver Brothers Bakery first opened on June 1, 1983, in Winter Park, Colorado. It started with. Cascade Coffee At Cascade Coffee, we locally roast and distribute our Millstone and Compass Creek. Castoro Cellars Winery In the span of a dozen years, Niels and Bimmer have gone from making a few barrels of wine for family. Cawy Bottling Co Inc Cawy Bottling Co. Inc. was established in Cuba in 1948. The company manufactured a lemon lime soft drink, pure fruit. Cayuga Ridge Estate Winery The Challen family has happily owned Cayuga Ridge Winery since 1991. Tom's background in the grape and wine industry. Cedar Springs Bottled Water Every drop of Cedar Springs water originates from the deep natural springs of Oro Mountain, east of Horseshoe. Celestial Seasonings You may know that Celestial Seasonings is the largest manufacturer and marketer of specialty hot teas in the United. Central Beer Distributors Central Beer Distributors is a Miller distributor. Chalet Debonne Vineyards Located in Lake County, Madison, Ohio, Debonne Vineyard is one of the premier boutique wineries in the United States. Chameleon Beverage Company Small, independantly owned bottler and co-packer of water and juice pouches. Charmer Industries Inc Not easily shaken by competition, Charmer Industries has not stirred from its top spot as New York State's #1 wine and liquor. Charton-Hobbs Inc Charton-Hobbs Inc. was established in 1988, following the merger of the wine & spirit division of Herdt & Charton. Chateau Julien Inc In the late 1970's, Bob and Patty Brower set out to fulfill their dream. Originally from the East Coast, they had a passion. Chateau Morrisette Winery Chateau Morrisette Winery is the result of a love affair between the Morrisette family and the rural Virginia. Chateau Thomas Winery An outgrowth of a hobby, Chateau Thomas Winery was founded by Dr. & Mrs. Charles R. Thomas in 1984. Dr. Thomas. Cherokee Distributing Co Cherokee Distributing Company is a wholesaler of Miller, Corona, Molson, and Beck's beer. Chicago Beverage Systems Chicago Beverage Systems is Chicago's premier purveyor of the finest beer products available in the market - the area's. Chimney Rock Winery Chimney Rock Winery was established in 1980 with the goal of creating wines that would compete against the best. China Mist Tea Co. China Mist Tea Co. was founded by partners John Martinson and Dan Schweiker in 1982. Choice Brands of Ohio, Inc. Choice Brands was formed in January 1977. We moved to Mingo Junction, Ohio in 1991. With our 25 employees, we service. Chronos Coffee Find the widest assortment of fresh coffee blends at Chronos Coffee. Cisco Brewers Founded by Dean and Melissa Long in 1997 and located on Nantucket Island, Triple Eight Distillery is the region’s. Claar Cellars Claar Cellars is our family owned Estate Winery. My parents, Audrienne and Russell Claar developed the first farm. Clare Rose Inc Clare Rose has risen to success with help from The King of Beers; as one of the top beer wholesalers in the US. Classic Wine Imports Inc The management and sales staff of Classic Wine Imports are committed to quality. We put every effort into providing. Clear Mountain Spring Water Clear Mountain Spring Water has been in the business of manufacturing and distributing natural spring water in Little Rock. Clement Pappas & Co. Clement Pappas leads the industry in producing the finest fruit juices, fruit drinks and cranberry. Click Wine Group Founded in 1987, we initially built our business selecting the finest family owned, boutique wines that Australia. Cline Cellars Inc. In the latter part of the 1800's and the early 1900's, Oakley, California was a picturesque farming community. Oakley. Clos du Bois Clos du Bois crafted its first vintage in 1974 from 520 acres of grapes in Sonoma County's then little-known. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated produces, markets and distributes carbonated and noncarbonated. Cocolalla Winery Cocolalla Winery makes traditional champagne by the "methode champenoise" and use the. Coffee Holding Co. Inc. As a family operated company for over three generations, Coffee Holding Co. Inc. continues the tradition. Cold Spring Brewing Company Cold Brewing Company is located 90 miles west of Minneapolis. We are the largest brewery in Minnesota. Colony Liquor & Wine Dist Colony Liquor and Wine, based in upstate New York, is a leader in the distribution of wine and spirits througho. Columbia Crest Winery At Columbia Crest we pride ourselves on delivering handcrafted, superior-quality small-lot wines. Columbia Distributing Company Columbia Distributing company has distributed some of the best known labels in the beer, wine. Commonwealth Wine & Spirits, Inc Commonwealth Wine & Spirits, Inc. is a leading importer of fine wines. As our portfolio will attest. Community Coffee Company Community Coffee Company is steeped in tradition as rich as our coffee. As the largest family-owned retail. Community Coffee Company, L. L.C Community Coffee is the largest family owned coffee roaster in the nation. Concannon Vineyard Since 1883, Concannon has handcrafted intriguing wines from grapes grown in the San Francisco Bay Area. Coors Brewing Company While hundreds of such family-owned breweries have come and gone in the years since, we believe the reasons. Coronado Brewing Co. The Coronado Brewing Company, Coronado's Premier MicroBrewery opened its doors to the public in August of 1996. It was founded. Cosentino Signature Wineries Cosentino Winery produces more than 30 award-winning wines, hand-crafted from small. Cott Beverage Cott is the world's leading supplier of retailer brand carbonated soft drinks. With 23 beverage manufacturing facilities. Cott Beverages, Inc Cott is one of the world’s largest producers of beverages on behalf of retailers, brand owners and distributors. Cott produces multiple types of beverages in a variety of packaging formats and sizes, including carbonated soft drinks, 100% shelf stable juice and juice-based products, clear, still and sparkling flavored waters, energy products, new age beverages, and ready-to-drink teas, as well as alcoholic beverages for brand owners. Cott’s large manufacturing footprint, substantial research and development capability and high-level of quality and customer service enables Cott to offer its customers a strong value-added proposition of low cost, high quality products. With approximately 4,000 employees, Cott operates manufacturing facilities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Mexico. Cott also develops and manufactures beverage concentrates which it exports to over 60 countries around the world. Couch Distributing Co family-owned and currently the largest independent beverage distributor in the Central Coast area. Country Pure Foods Inc. At Country Pure Foods, we are taking a fresh new look at the juice business. As one of the top independent juice processors. County Distributing Co County Distributing Co. is an Anheuser Busch distributor. Courtside Cellars LLC Providing the best custom winemaking on the Central Coast, deriving the highest quality and maximum quantity. Craft Brewers Alliance, Inc Craft Brewers Alliance, Inc (CBAI), headquartered in Portland, Oregon is a leading brewer. Creemore Springs Brewery This is where Ontario’s favourite beer—Creemore Springs Premium Lager—is made, in our century-old main street. Crest Beverage Company Located in San Diego, California, Crest Beverage Company is the local distributor of a variety of domestic and import beverages including. Crossroads Beverage Group LLC Crossroads Beverage Group, established in 2011, is a state of the art bottling facility located in Reading, PA. With an approx 324,000sft warehouse facility, Crossroads is expanding. Crystal Geyser Water Over 25 years ago Crystal Geyser was founded when it developed its pure, all-natural. Culligan Water Company After being in the water treatment business for over 65 years, we know water. Our mission is to deliver high-quality. D E T Distributing Co One of the largest beverage distributors in Tennessee, Det Distributing. DS Waters Formed in 2003, DS Waters is the producer and distributor of home, office and retail bottled water products. Damron Corp Damron Corp. produces a world of specialty products featuring traditional black, herbal and flavored hot and iced tea. David Bruce Winery David Bruce Winery has earned an international reputation throughout its nearly four decades for its dedication. David Sherman Corp The David Sherman Corporation (DSC) was established in 1958 by Paul A. Lux and David Sherman, Sr. Mr. Sherman. De Crescente Dist Company DeCrescente Dist. Co. proudly services the Captial District with some of the finest beverages available. De Loach Vineyards, Inc. The shake roofed building tucked amongst the vineyard rows has evolved from a small winery with a few fermenting. Dean & DeLuca Literally "South of Houston Street," SoHo is a 26-square-block. Deep Rock Water Company As our name implies, the source of our pride originates deep below the surface, 852 feet deep to be exact, in a naturally wholesome. Deer Park Spring Water Deer Park Spring Water Company is a division of Nestlé Waters North America Inc. NWNA is the number one bottled water. Del Papa Distributing It was also in 1930 that Anheuser-Busch selected Del Papa as a wholesale distributor of its products, including malt. Delaware Importers Inc Delaware Importers, LLC distributes spirits, wine, and beer throughout. Delicato Family Vineyards For more than 75 years, the Indelicato family has been crafting fine wines while assembling a portfolio of world. Deschutes Brewery From San Luis Obispo south to San Diego and east to the Arizona and Nevada borders, Deschutes Brewery has joined. Dienst Distributing Co Founded in 1948, Dienst Distributing Company is an alcohol distributor in Texas. Digrazia Vineyards Nestled in the foothills of Brookfield, Connecticut, Digrazia Vineyards offers traditional. Distillata Water Company Distillata is proud of its 100 plus years of serving Ohioans since 1897. Quality and service have been. Divine Wine Imports International Divine Wine Imports International is one of the fastest growing fine wine wholesale/distribution companies. Doll Distributing Inc Wholesaler of Anheuser-Busch products for 11 Iowa counties. Domaine Carneros The process of making a traditional methodé champenôise sparkling wine begins during harvest. First, 100% Carneros-grown. Domaine Chandon At Domaine Chandon we understand that fine wine begins in the vineyards. Domaine St. George Winery & Vineyard Domaine Saint George Winery is a working winery located in the heart of Sonoma County. It is dedicated to the production. Don Sebastiani & Sons At Don Sebastiani & Sons, we strive to produce quality wine at an approachable price, regardless of the outcome. Dr Pepper Bottling Co. Dr. Pepper is the oldest soft drink in America. Cadbury Schweppes acquired Dr. Pepper/Seven Up Bottling. Dr. Smoothie Brands Dr. Smoothie Brands was founded in 1997 on the concept of providing healthy smoothie products. Driftwood Vineyards Driftwood Vineyards is owned and operated by Gary, Kathy, and Laura Elliott. The vineyard is located on an 880 acre ranch. Du Bard Inc Du Bard Inc. is an Anheuser-Busch Wholesaler distributor located. Duckhorn Wine Company Duckhorn Wine Company is a collection of small winery estates focused on site-specific wines of distinction. Duplin Wine Cellars Duplin Winery is the oldest operating winery in North Carolina. The legacy of the Muscadine, the traditions. E & J Gallo Winery Careers Since bothers Ernest and Julio Gallo began Gallo Winery more than 75 years ago, the roots of the Gallo family tree have extended deep into the business. E O S Estate Winery The EOS Estate Winery was established in 1996, by the Arciero Family, the Vern Underwood Family and Kerry Vix. E&J Gallo Winery Winery & Spirits E. & J. Gallo Over the past six and a half decades, the E. & J. Gallo Winery has become the world's foremost winery. Eagle Rock Distributing Company Eagle Rock Distributing Company is one of 19 Anheuser-Busch wholesalers in the state of Georgia. Easley Enterprises Easley Winery began as a dream and a vision of Jack and Joan Easley in the late 1960's. Being home winemakers. East Side Beverage Co East Side Beverage Company began distributing beer in 1933 shortly after the 18th Amendment was. Eastown Distributors Co 1933 signified the end of prohibition and Joseph A. Quasarano obtained the second liquor license issued in the state. Eber Bros Wine & Liquor For almost seven decades, and now across three highly competitive and differentiated markets of Delaware, New York. Ed Phillips & Sons Co Liquor Edison Liquor Corporation Edison Liquor Corporation is a wine and distilled alcoholic beverage. Eldorado Natural Sprg Water Eldorado Artesian Springs, Inc. was founded in 1983. At that time, the company became the owner of 28 acres. Ellicottville Brewing Co. Located in the village of Ellicottville, a ski hamlet in the rolling hills of Western New York, we are a brew pub. Elysian Brewing Co. Elysian Brewing Company was founded in 1996 by Joe Bisacca, Dick Cantwell, and Dave Buhler. It began as a concept. Enologix Enologix offers wine quality metrics to both winemakers. Erath Vineyards Winery LLC Erath Vineyards Winery operates vineyards and a winery in Oregon. It sells its wines online and at the winery. Estes Park Brewery, Inc. In 1993 Gordon Knight started High Country Brewery in Boulder, Co. That same year Ed Grueff opened the Event Center in Estes. Eureka Water Company Ozarka Water Company was established in 1907, and today, known as Eureka Water, is Oklahoma's largest bottled water. European Roasterie Inc We use a German-made Probat barrel style roaster and slow roast our coffee in the Northern German method. At the end. F E B Distributing Co Inc Salvador J. Bertucci, operating out of Gulfport as S. J. BERTUCCI COMPANY, founded what is now known as F. E.B. DISTRUBUTING COMPANY. FIJI Water All bottled waters are not created equal. FIJI Natural Artesian Bottled Water comes from a virgin ecosystem deep in the South. Fabiano Brothers Inc Fabiano Brothers, Inc. has been a family-owned business since its inception. Based upon a firm foundation of tradition and integrity. Farmer Bros Co Farmer Bros. Co. knows beans about farming coffee beans that is. Farmer Bros. roasts and packages coffee and sells. Farrell Distributing Corp. The Farrell Distributing Corporation is a wholesale beverage distributor with offices and warehouse facilities. Faust Distributing Co Faust Distributing Company is one of the largest family-owned wholesale beer distributors in Texas and one of the largest. Faygo Beverages, Inc. National Beverage is highly innovative, making it unique as a pace-setter in the changing soft-drink industry. Federal Distributors Inc Federal Distributors was founded in April 1947 by Paulette Cronin, Eugene Cronin Jr. and Joseph Cronin shortly after Eugene. Ferrari-Carano Winery Since the beginning of Ferrari-Carano Vineyards and Winery, our winemaking has grown from a barn with two small tanks and five acres. Fetzer Vineyards We are an environmentally and socially conscious grower, producer and marketer of wines of the highest quality. Finley Distributing Co Finley Distributing Company, based in Tucson, AZ, is a privately held, growth-oriented beverage distributorship. Firestone Vineyard Founded as Santa Barbara County’s first estate winery in 1972, Firestone Vineyard today remains a cornerstone of coastal estate winemaking. Florida Distillers Company Florida Distillers Company's administrative and executive offices. Florida Natural Flavors Florida Natural Flavors is a beverage manufacturer producing high quality fruit and juice based beverage mixes which are easy. Florida's Natural Growers Florida's Natural Growers is a cooperative of Florida growers with their own citrus groves in the heart of central Florida. Flying Dog Brewery Flying Dog Brewery is located in Frederick, MD we are dedicated to making remarkable beer and having a kick ass time doing it! Foppiano Wine Co. L. Foppiano Vineyards is Sonoma County's oldest continually owned family winery, founded in 1896 by the Foppiano family. We hope you take. Foris Vineyards Latin for "out of doors", foris conveys the mood of the flowing rivers and lush, fir-covered Siskiyou Mountains which surround Foris's vineyards. Foster's Wine Estates Foster's Wine Estates (FWE), is the world's leading premium wine business. Formed in 2005 when parent company Foster's Group acquired. Fountainhead Water Co Drawn from natural, free-flowing springs, Fountainhead Water originates from deep within the majestic Blue Ridge. Frank-Lin Distillers Located in San Jose, California, Frank-Lin Distillers Products is a family owned corporation. Franklin Hill Vineyards Early spring 1976, we began the first planting of French-American hybrid and vinifera wine grapes at Franklin Hill Vineyards. Franzia Winery Franzia Winery is the world's most popular wine manufacturer. Frederick Wildman & Sons In 2009, Frederick Wildman’s and Sons celebrated its 75th Anniversary! As the third largest wine importer in the United States. Free State Brewing Company The Free State Brewing Co. opened in 1989 as the first legal brewery in Kansas in over 100 years. Located in a renovated. Freixenet USA Freixenet USA produces the sparkling wine with the signature. Frontier Natural Products Co-op Bulk natural and organic herbs, spices & seasonings, organic and fair trade teas. Fuhrer Wholesale Company When Frank B. Fuhrer Wholesale Company opened its doors in 1982, we had eighteen employees. Today, we employ 165 people. Full Sail Brewing Company So here we are. Ever humble, ever grateful, ever amazed that we got here in one piece. Still a mix of beer geeks and boardheads. Fun Beverage Inc Fun Beverage, Inc. is a customer focused diversified wholesale beverage distributor of Beer, Wine and Soft-drinks. Galena Cellars Winery great customers! Over 12,000 of you have enrolled in our Friends of the Winery Case Club since we opened our doors in 1984. Gambrinus Company The Gambrinus Company, headed by President Carlos Alvarez, is a privately held corporation located in San Antonio. Gekkeikan Sake Gekkeikan's state-of-the-art sake brewing facility in Folsom, California is the latest chapter in a continuing. General Wine & Liquor Co Syd Ross founded the General Wine & Liquor Company in July 1978. Since that time, the company has continued. Georgia Crown Dist Co Georgia Crown Distributing Company is a family owned business, and was founded by the late Fate D. Leebern in August 1938. The business. Germain-Robin Germain-Robin the world's finest distilled spirit, a California alambic brandy, hand-distilled on an antique cognac. Geyser Peak Winery At Geyser Peak Winery we have the freedom to combine traditional techniques with New World innovations to make the best wines. Gilster-Mary Lee Corporation Gilster-Mary Lee is a leading Private Label food manufacturer, headquartered in Chester, Illinois, a small, southern Illinois. Gloria Ferrer Champagne Caves At Gloria Ferrer Champagne Caves, the Carneros's most award-winning winery, we offer challenge and growth in rapidly. Gloria Jean's Coffees Enjoy the ultimate coffee experience. For over 25 years, our passion for quality has made us a leader in gourmet flavored coffees. Gluek Brewing Company Gluek Brewing Co. the largest brewery in Minnesota, is a leader in making and selling high quality beer. Glunz Beer Inc The Louis Glunz story begins in 1879, when Louis Glunz I arrived in Chicago from his native Wesphalia, Germany. Louis found. Gold Coast Beverage Dist Gold Coast Beverage Distributors is the largest beer wholesaler in Florida and one of the largest beer distributors. Golden Eagle Distributors We at Golden Eagle take pride in selling only the finest beers in the world. Good Earth Teas Good Earth® Teas is a division of FMALI Herb Inc. Good Earth is a tea manufacturer located in Santa Cruz, California, founded. Gordon Biersch Brewing Company Come back with us for a moment to 1987. Dan Gordon is one of the most sought-after brewers in the country. Dean Biersch, an experienced. Grant, William & Sons Inc William Grant & Sons Ltd is an award winning independent family owned. Great Lakes Brewing Co. Great Lakes Brewing Company is a principle-centered, environmentally respectful and socially conscious company committed to crafting. Great Western Brewing The Great Western Brewing Company has been an integral component in the Saskatchewan business community since opening for business in. Great Western Juice LLC Great Western Juice Company, LLC is a privately owned company, incorporated in the state of Ohio in 1951. Green Bay Brewing Co. Inc. We brew Hinterland beer with intense flavor, color and consistency. While other brewers strive for mass appeal, we seek the true. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. In 1981, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters hung its shingle on the front. Greenspot Co. Green Spot was founded in 1934 with the mission to produce a quality fruit juice drink concentrate using only the freshest. Greenwood Ridge Vineyards Since 1980, Greenwood Ridge Vineyards has built a reputation for producing world class wines in small lots (total annual production is only. Grey Eagle Distributors Grey Eagle Distributors is the wholesaler of Budweiser and other Anheuser-Busch beers in the St. Louis, Missouri. Griffin Beverage Company Griffin Beverage Company was started in 1967 when Bob Griffin Sr. and Nancy Griffin entered into a partnership with Richard. Groth Vineyards & Winery Groth Vineyards & Winery was established in 1982 and produces Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay from Napa Valley. Growers Co-Op Grape Juice Grower's Cooperative Grape Juice Company, Inc. is a grower-owned cooperative raising and processing Concord grapes into juice and. Guglielmo Winery, Emilio In 1925 the family founded the Emilio Guglielmo Winery. Speaking both Italian and French, Emile (as he was known to his French. Guilford Ridge Vineyard Virginia's first commercial winegrape vineyard (established 1971), but the tiniest winery (1983) west of the Blue Ridge, south of. Gulf Distributing Co Gulf Distributing Company was founded in 1974 by our Chairman Emeritus, Ms. Freida G. Maisel. While no longer active. Gundlach Bundschu Winery New generations have taken delight in Gundlach Bundschu wines. In accord with tradition, the focus is on making fabulous. Hansen's Beverage Company Hansen’s Beverage Company started in the 1930’s when Hubert Hansen and his three sons began selling fresh, non-pasteurized juices. Harris Tea Co. A worldwide network for sourcing tea. From producing tea to manufacturing. Hawaiian Natural Water Company, Inc Hawaiian Springs Natural Artesian Water comes from the extraordinary Big Island of Hawaii. known for it's abundant beauty, snow-capped mountains and pristine natural. Hawaiian Sun Products, Inc. Hawaiian Sun Products, Inc. is a Hawaii-based corporation that was founded in 1952 and has since been one of the leading manufacturers. Heaven Hill Distilleries Shortly after Prohibition ended in the United States, Heaven Hill Distilleries, Inc. was founded in Bardstown, Kentucky by the Shapira. Hendry Winery The Hendry family has been farming the same vineyard in Napa since 1939. Henry Wine Group The Henry Wine Group understands that diversity is a constant in the wine industry. Hermans Nut House & Pear’s Specialty Coffee Hermans Nut House & Pear’s Specialty Coffee is a delicious and proud heartland tradition, roasting nuts. High Falls Brewing Company High Falls Brewing Company located in Rochester, New York, is the fifth largest brewing company in America. High Grade Beverage Co. With corporate headquarters located in South Brunswick, New Jersey, High Grade Beverage (HGB) is a franchised wholesale beverage distributor or malt beverage and soft drinks. Highbridge Spring Water Highbridge Spring Water is a family owned and operated enterprise located in the tiny Kentucky town of Wilmore. Hiram Walker & Sons Hiram Walker & Sons is wholly owned by Allied Domecq PLC. It is a production company, charged with producing the best quality. Honest Tea Our goal is to create a product in which the true taste of the leaves comes through. We don't pulverize, process or concentrate our tea. Honickman Affiliates The firm is one of the nation's largest private bottlers -- bottling and distributing soft drinks primarily. Ice River Springs Our company vision: "To be the leading environmental beverage company in North America" Ice River Springs is delighted to provide you with the highest quality natural spring water from our protected natural springs. International Wines International Wines, Inc. is a privately held wine distributor based in Birmingham, Alabama. We feature one of the most. Island Aseptics Island Aseptics, a division of Island Oasis has been supporting beverage manufacturers with contract packaging. Island Oasis Island Oasis provides a complete frozen beverage program with our all-natural fresh frozen beverage mixes and. Ito En USA Poised as the world's leading supplier of green tea, ITO EN is dedicated to the promotion of the fine taste, traditions, and benefits. J. Lewis Cooper Co. The inception of J. Lewis Cooper was simple and modest, comprised of limited. J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines In the late 1960’s, Jerry Lohr began an extensive investigation of grape growing regions throughout California. As a result. J. J. Taylor Distributing J. J. Taylor Distributing Ft. Myers-Naples, Inc. was formed in July 2001 with the simultaneous acquisition of Wm. Thies & Sons. J. Lieb Foods, Inc. J. Lieb Foods, Inc. produces conventional and organic foods in two processing areas. Jack Daniel's Distillery Jack Daniel's is not a Bourbon - it's a TENNESSEE WHISKEY. Jack Daniel's is dripped slowly - drop. Jasper Products LLC With close to twenty years of experience in the food processing industry, Jasper Products is committed to quality and excellence. Javo Beverage Co. Inc. Javo is a beverage company with unique capabilities in the foodservice and food manufacturing industries. Johanna Foods Johanna Foods is a state-of-the-art food manufacturer located in Flemington, New Jersey. Privately operated. Jones Soda As of August 1st, 2000, Urban Juice and Soda Company Ltd. officially changed its name to Jones Soda Co ("JONES"). La historia. Joseph E Seagram & Sons Inc Joseph E. Seagram & Sons Inc is a division of Distillers. Joseph Phelps Vineyards Founded in 1972, Joseph Phelps Vineyards is an independent, estate-based winery located outside of St. Helena. Perched on a knoll in. Karl Strauss Brewing Company Founded in 1989 on the beaches of San Diego, Karl Strauss Brewing Company is dedicated to crafting beers as great as. Kendall Jackson Wine Estates Family-owned and operated, we make our wines with uncompromising integrity and quality. We hand-select the grapes. Kobrand Corporation Kobrand is an importer and owner of many premium wines and spirits, including Tattinger champagne, Louis Jadot wines. Kona Pacific Farmers Cooperative largest Kona Coffee Cooperative in the United States! We have been continuously. L T Verrastro, Inc Wholesale wine distributor for Lackawanna, Carbon, Luzerne, Schuylkill. La Crema Winery La Crema was founded in 1979 and quickly established itself as a pioneer for intensely flavored Chardonnay and Pinot Noir from the. Labatt Breweries of Canada Labatt Breweries of Canada has been shaped by more than 150 years. Laetitia Vineyard and Winery Laetitia Vineyard & Winery is dedicated to producing world-class Burgundian style wines with special focus on Pinot Noir. The winery. Lake Superior Brewing Co The short story is that we were started by a guy named Bob. Lakeridge Winery & Vineyards Lakeridge Winery & Vineyards opened its doors in February 1989 in Clermont, Florida. This area was once the center of the State's grape. Lancaster Brewing With great respect for the old traditions of brewing. Our master breweruses advanced brewing techniques to produce a consistent and high quality. Landmark Vineyards Our story is about soil, innovation and dedication: a legacy that has. Lange Estate Winery & Vineyards In 1987, Don and Wendy Lange left California and followed their. Langer Juice CO Incorporated Originally a specialty producer of health juices, Langer Juice Company, Inc. has emerged as a major force in the very competitive juice. Latrobe Brewing Company Produces Rolling Rock and Green Light beers in Latrobe PA. Lauré Pristine Spring Water Lauré Pristine Spring Water is your domestically bottled premium. Le Bleu Le Bleu produces only the highest quality, ultra pure bottled water on the market today. Available in 5-Gallon coolers. LeVecke Corporation A multi-faceted company in the beverage alcohol and spirits industry; LeVecke Corporation is a wholesale distributor. Left Hand and Tabernash Brewing The brewery was founded in September 1993 by Eric Wallace & Dick Doore with the thought that U. S. consumers. Leonard's Syrups Leonard's Syrups offers an unparalled selection of both private-label and brand name syrups, base mixes, frozen cocktails. Les Bourgeois Winery Known for its spectacular blufftop view of the Missouri River Valley, Les Bourgeois Winery and Vineyards is one of Mid-Missouri's. Lipton/Unilever Lipton is one of the world's great refreshment brands, making a big splash in the global beverages market with tea-based drinks. Lluidas Trading LLC Lluidas Trading LLC is an entity that supplies Frozen Meats (Beef, Pork, Poultry and Seafood), Beverages (Juice, Non-Juice and Alcoholic) and Food Industry Equipment (Packing Equipment). Lockwood Vineyard One of the great truisms is that world-class wines are only attainable from great vineyard locations and uncompromised excellence in. Louis Dreyfus Citrus Louis Dreyfus Citrus is one of the world´s four largest orange juice processors, which together account for over 60%. Louis M. Martini Winery We believe that Cabernet Sauvignon is the most noble of grapes. Lynmar Winery Our 42-acre Quail Hill Vineyard estate has long been recognized as. Lyons Magnus The Foodservice Division at Lyons Magnus markets a wide array of fruit, chocolate, juice, and beverage products. M & B Products Mr. J. Premium Orange Juice is made from 100% Florida Oranges. M. A. Silva USA M. A. Silva USA delivers the finest premium wine packaging products throughout North America. M. A. Silva USA has been voted as one of the Best Places to Work in the North Bay. The company has been in the Santa Rosa area for twelve years and is known for its superior customer service and high quality standards. We are seeking an experienced, organized and detail oriented individual to join our dynamic and passionate team. M. A. Silva USA offers very competitive benefits and salary packages. M. S. Walker, Inc. M. S. Walker, Inc. is a wholesale distributor of wines, spirits. Madison Vineyards and Winery Madison Vineyards and Winery is a small family operation producing. Madrigal Vineyards We are vineyard managers for some of Napa Valley's most esteemed. Majestic Distilling We have a lot of things planned for the future at Majestic. New products with a new attitude, a helpful online label book from which you can. Maker's Mark Distillery When the famous T. W. Samuels family of distilling sold their distillery and their trademarks in the 1950s, those members of the family. Maple River Winery Our winery is open year around for touring and tasting. Rhubarb Wine and Honey Raspberry Wine. Martin Scott Wines Martin Scott Wines is one of the premier distributors of. Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Ass Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Cooperative Association, Inc. is a regional milk marketing and processing cooperative. Massimo Zanetti Beverage USA. Inc. About MZB-USA Massimo Zanetti Beverage USA markets a stable of consumer brands that have a rich history of quality and tradition. Maximus Coffee Group Maximus Coffee Group offers an unrivaled experience for any company working to develop or improve a private label coffee. Mayer Brothers In 1852, Jacob Mayer started the present Mayer Bros. Cider Mill, located in West Seneca, New York. It was a custom squeezing mill for local growers. McAuslan Brewing McAuslan Brewing began operations in January of 1989. Located at 4850 St-Ambroise Street in Montreal's St-Henri district. McCormick Distilling McCormick Distilling, located in historic Weston, Missouri, is the oldest continuously operating distillery in the U. S. Megawine, Inc. Megawine, Inc. is a Los Angelas, California based Importer and Distributor. Meier's Wine Cellars, Inc. Meier's, Ohio's oldest and largest winery, has been making great wines for more than 100 years, and today has an international. Mendocino Brewing Co. Mendocino Brewing Company is internationally renowned as a brewer of full-flavored, traditional ales. The company was. Merryvale Vineyards Merryvale - a family-owned Napa Valley winery dedicated to the passion of winemaking - Produces red, white, and dessert wines. Midwest Dairy Association Midwest Dairy Association™ (Midwest Dairy) is a non-profit organization financed and directed by the dairy producers. Mike's Hard Lemonade Distribution and sales of mike's hard lemonade product line Miller Brewing Company Miller Brewing Company is a part of SABMiller plc. Milo's Tea Company, Inc. Fresh Brewed All Natural Ready to Drink Tea Minute Maid The Minute Maid family of brands is produced and sold by The Coca-Cola Company -- the world's leading marketer of premium fruit juices. Molson Canada Canada's pre-eminent brewer, Molson was founded in 1786 by John Molson, who opened his first brewery on the banks. Molson Coors At Molson Coors, we pride ourselves on hiring Canada’s most talented, inspired and passionate people. Founded in 1786, we currently employ over 3000 Canadians in six breweries across Canada. We are an innovative brand led company committed to brewing quality products. Monin Inc For three generations, family-owned Monin has crafted the world’s finest flavorings. Over the past century the brand has grown into the world’s. Moosehead Breweries Limited, Moosehead Breweries Limited, located in Saint John, New Brunswick, is Canada’s oldest independent brewery. Mother Parkers Tea & Coffee Inc. Mother Parkers continues to design and implement proven corporate brand. Mott’s Mott’s has been bringing families the highest quality apple products for more than 150 years. Today, Mott’s is the name you trust for healthy. Mount Olympus Waters, Inc. The Mount Olympus spring is located southeast of Salt Lake City at the 5,000 foot level of Neff’s Canyon, a protected source surrounded. Mountain Valley Spring Water Bottled and sealed at the same protected spring source near Hot Springs, Arkansas, Mountain Valley is found in homes. Mrs. Clark's Foods Co-packer and manufacturer of private label products; produces a full line of shelf stable juices. monte Shasta Spring Water Our Spring Water comes from our certified springs at the base of Mt. Shasta. Music Mountain Water Co What’s known as Music Mountain Water Company today has roots extending back to the year 1919. Mutual Distributing Company Mutual Distributing Company is a wholesale beverage distributor servicing the state of North Carolina. With over 500 employees. NH Scheppers Distributing Co N. H. Scheppers Distributing Company, founded in 1950 by Norb Scheppers, acquired the distribution rights to sell Anheuser-Busch. Naked Juice Company Naked Juice was born near the beaches of Santa Monica, CA in 1983 where it was first sold towel-to-towel. Today, Naked Juice. Nantze Springs Inc. Bottling at Nantze Springs began in 1991. In the past 14 years our family owned business has grown with a dedicated diligence. Napa Valley Wine Warehouse Valley Wine Warehouse is committed to continue its practice of providing the highest level of professional customer service. National All-Jersey Inc. National All-Jersey Inc. was formed to promote the increased production and sale of Jersey milk. National Beverage Corp At National Beverage, we always strive to be the best at everything we do. National Distributing Co With a simple handshake, two families came together to create one of the top. National Wine and Spirits National Wine & Spirits is the largest distributor of wine and spirits in the Midwest, and one of the largest in the Country. Natural Brands NBI is a corporation that is committed to the preparation and distribution of premium fresh squeezed juices and natural. Natural Springs Water Group, Llc Natural Springs Water Group is in the business of providing our customers. Navarro Vineyards Produces red, white, sparkling, and dessert wines. Navarro Vineyards. Our family has been growing grapes, making wine. Nedlog Company Three generations have dedicated their enthusiastic best efforts to make Nedlog premier in our industry by offering an unsurpassed. Neurobrands Neuro Drinks® offer consumers an alternative to products that perpetuate our self medicating caffeine-dependant society. New Belgium Brewing Co. Our Story begins in Belgium not so long ago with our protagonist - a young American electrical engineer and homebrewer. New Belgium Brewing Company New Belgium Brewing Company is the 5th largest craft brewer in the United States. Newport Vineyards & Winery, Llc Newport Vineyards was originally planted in 1977 on a hill overlooking Rhode Island Sound with the goal of producing fine wines. Newton Vineyard Newton Vineyard is one of the most unique wine estates in the world. By integrating our purist philosophy into the design. Niagara Drinking Water Niagara Bottling is the USA's largest and fastest growing American-owned bottled water company. Founded. Niebaum-Coppola Estate Winery For over a hundred years the Estate has been famous for its premium red wines from the Rutherford. Nomacorc LLC Nomacorc closures were conceived as a solution to the inconsistencies and TCA contamination prevalent in natural. Nor-Cal Beverage Co Nor-Cal Beverage is a major Juice & Beverage Manufacturing Plant. North Coast Brewing Co. The North Coast Brewing Co. a pioneer in the craft beer movement, opened in 1988 as a local brewpub in the historic town. Northern Breweries Ltd Northern Breweries Limited is based in Northern Ontario and. Northwest Naturals Corp Northwest Naturals is recognized as one of the industry leaders in the production of specialty blended, all natural, fruit juice concentrates. Oak ridge Winery Oak Ridge Winery, one of California's oldest continually operating wineries, first opened their doors in 1934 under. Oasis Bottled Water Inc Oasis Bottled Water is a team of approximately 40 employees working together to provide your family with clean, great-tasting. Ocean Spray Ocean Spray is an agricultural cooperative owned by more than 650 cranberry growers in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Jersey. Odell Brewing Co. Inc. Doug Odell's passion for crafting great beer started in his kitchen in Seattle. Odom Corporation For seven decades, The Odom Corporation has distributed the best in brand name beverages to customers throughout Alaska. Odwalla, Inc. With a used $200 hand-juicer and a few boxes of oranges, three friends, Greg Steltenpohl, Gerry Percy, and Bonnie Bassett. Ohio Valley Wine & Beer Co. Malt Beverage suppliers include Beck's, High Falls Brewing Co. Boston Beer. Okanagan Spring Brewery Sleeman Breweries Ltd. is the leading brewer and distributor of premium beer. Old Boys Brewhouse, Inc. Located on the Shore of Spring Lake, Michigan, is dedicated to producing. Old City Coffee, Inc. Old City Coffee, Inc. was founded in 1984 as a one-person operation. Old Dominion Brewing Co Old Dominion Brewing Company, the Washington, DC, area's first microbrewery. Old Orchard Brands, Llc For twenty-five years, Old Orchard has been making apple interesting. Old Victoria Water Co Old Victoria Water Company is a 100% Vancouver Island owned and operated company. We have been proudly serving o. Olde Auburn Ale House Olde auburn ale house has been a labor of love for owners Daryl Cargile. Olinger Distributing Co Olinger Distributing is a wholesale distributor of domestic and imported. Omar Coffee Co. Inc. Omar Coffee Company history is as rich as our brews. Orange & Blue Dist Inc Orange and Blue Distributing is a beverage wholesaler located in Champaign, IL who distributes beer. Orangeburg Distributors Orangeburg Distributors was founded 45 years ago by my father, the late “Tootie” Baroody. A World War II pilot. Orchid Island Juice Co. Here at Orchid Island Juice Company, we personally select, test for flavor. Oregon Brewing Rogue Ales are made with the finest hops and barley malt, free range coastal. Organic Coffee Co Unlike most coffee companies, we actually grow our own coffee on our organic. Origlio Beverage Origlio Beverage is one of the fastest growing wholesale distributors of. Otter Creek Brewing Inc Brewmaster Parkes goes back to his English roots to recreate the. Ozeki Sake U S A, Inc. Ozeki was the first major sake brewer to begin production in the United States. In 1999, Ozeki Sake (USA) Inc. P. A. Short Distributing P A Short Distributing is your local Anheuser-Busch Distributor in Hollins. Anheuser-Busch Wholesalers, together with 12 breweries. PEET's Coffee & TEA, Inc. At Peet's we take freshness seriously. It is only by roasting and shipping the same day that we can be sure that you enjoy. Pacific Beverage Company Few consumers realize how that crisp, clean Budweiser winds up cold in their favorite bar, tavern or store. Pacific Western Brewing Co. Established in 1957 in Prince George, BC on a fresh water spring, Pacific. Palm Bay Imports Palm Bay Imports strives to bring distinctive treasures from around the globe o wine and spirits lovers across the United States. Palomar Mtn Spring Water Palomar Mountain Spring Water bottles water from Palomar Mountain near San Diego and from springs in the northern and southern parts of. Paramount Coffee In 1935, during the height of the great depression, two established. Paramount Distillers In 2004, Paramount Distillers celebrated 70 years as a proud part of Cleveland's business community. Paramount's history. Parducci Wine Estates, Llc All our wines are inspired by (and essentially connected to) Mendocino. Parker Winery & Vineyard, Llc, Fess When Fess Parker was cast in the roll of Davy Crockett in the mid-1950’s. Partners Coffee Co. Inc. Since 1994, Partners Coffee has been producing private label coffee programs for a variety of quality oriented clients. These customers. Paul delima Coffee Co. Paul de Lima Coffee is a major roaster and purveyor of fine. Pearlstine Distributors Founded by Isaac M. Pearlstine, Pearlstine Distributors Incorporated (PDI) is one of the oldest and largest. Peerless Importers Inc Peerless Importers, Inc. is Metro New York's finest distributor of Wines and Spirits, and one of the nation's leading distributor of Wines. Pennsylvania Brewing Co Pennsylvania Brewing Company, founded in 1986 by Tom Pastorius to brew authentic German beers, was the first craft brewer in Pennsylvania. Pepin Distributing Co With pride, dedication, and communication we recognize. Pepsi Americas PepsiAmericas operates in a strong and exciting industry. Pepsi Northwest Beverages Pepsi Northwest Beverages (“PNB”) is a successful manufacturer of Pepsi-Cola beverages. We pride ourselves on delivering outstanding service and value to our customers and providing opportunity and job satisfaction for employees at our three locations in Tumwater, WA, Seattle, WA and Mt. Angel, OR. Pernod Ricard U S A (H Q) Pernod Ricard USA is the premium spirits and wine company in the U. S. and the largest subsidiary of Paris. Pete's Brewing Company Pete Slosgerg began brewing as a hobby back in 1979. Pete was really more interested in making wine at the time, but the five. Petitpren Inc As a distributor of the Anheuser-Busch, Inc. Molson Breweries, U. S.A. Inc. Dribeck Importers, Inc. Phillips Distributing Co The people of Phillips wish to make our firm the #1 full service supplier of alcoholic and related non-alcoholic beverages. Pina Vineyard Management, Llc Piña Vineyard Management is a full-service Vineyard Management and Vineyard Development company with deep roots in the Napa. Pine Ridge Winery Situated in the heart of Napa Valley's Stags Leap District, Pine Ridge. Pocono Springs Co. Specializing in Bottled Water. Poland Spring Bottling Co. The Poland Spring® Brand Natural Spring Water story starts about 13,000 years ago when a glacier retreated. Polar Beverages Polar Beverages continues to carry on their tradition. Power Brands Power Brands – award winning beverage industry experts who facilitate the beverage development process. Powers Distributing Co Powers Distributing Company, Inc. is a beverage wholesaler that sells and distributes select high-image brands. Our vision. Premier Beverage Company We are one of the largest wholesale distributors of wine, spirits and non-alcoholic beverages in Florida. We sell and deliver. Premier Distributing Co Premier Distributing Company was formed in 1982, and is an exclusive. Premium Waters, Inc Premium Waters has been bottling water and quenching the thirst of customers for over 130 years-long before botlled. Prestige Services, Inc. Food Service, Vending Service, Coffee Service are the areas where Prestige Services, Inc. demonstrates. Pri - Pak, Inc. PRI Pak, Inc. canned and bottled carbonated beverages. Prince Michel Vineyard Prince Michel produces award-winning wines under three distinct labels: Prince Michel de Virginia, Madison. Pure-Flo Water Company Owned and operated by the Grant family since 1958. Pure Flo's. Quady Winery Andrew and Laurel Quady left crowded southern California and their jobs in pyrotechnics and merchandizing to pursue their dream. Quality Wine & Spirits Quality Wine & Spirits, Inc. Atlanta's Premier Wine and Spirits Distributor. Since its inception in 1999, Quality has emerged. R C Bottling Co. Since its launch in 1905, RC Cola has been a soft drink that. R. C. Bigelow, Inc. Manufacturer of specialty teas. REED'S Inc REEDS, Inc. is making extraordinary beverages and confections using very old-fashioned, natural methods and wholesome. Rahr Malting Co Rahr Malting Co. produces and distributes malt and industry related brewing supplies. Barley procurement operations. Ravenswood Winery, Inc. For as long as anybody cares to remember, this has been the credo (calling card? Battle cry? Team yell? Coat of arms?) of Ravenswood Winery. Red Deer Bottling Company Red Deer Bottling is as vibrant and successful as ever. It remains as one of a handful of Coca-Cola® franchises left in Canada. The company. Red Jacket Orchards Inc. Located in Geneva, N. Y. along the rolling hills of Seneca Lake, Red Jacket was originally planted in 1917. Today, the orchard. Red Rock Brewing Co. Located in the heart of downtown Salt Lake City is Red Rock Restaurant and Brew Pub - Utah's choice for cosmopolitan dining. Redco Foods, Inc. Redco Foods, Inc. is subsidiary of Teekanne GmbH, the largest herbal and flavored tea company in Europe. Reddy Ice Ltd. Reddy Ice is the largest manufacturer and distributor of packaged ice products. Redhook Ale Brewery, Inc. Redhook Ale is a premium beer manufacturer located in Portsmouth. Paul Shipman and Gordon Bowker actually founded. Reily Foods Company Today, Reily Foods Company continues to manufacturer and market not only the highest quality coffees. Reliable Churchill Reliable Churchill is Maryland's premier distributor of wine and spirits, representing many of the finest wine. Remy Cointreau USA Rémy Cointreau offers the connoisseur a unique and rare range. Renault Winery, Inc. Renault Winery is a recognized New Jersey State Historical site and one of the oldest continuously operating wineries. Rhode Island Distributing Ridge Vineyards Ridge now makes between sixty and sixty-five thousand cases of wine per year. Cabernet and zinfandel account for m. Rishi Tea Our mission is to offer the finest garden direct teas of each season. We work with only the most skilled artisans who have generations. Robert Craig Wine Cellars Robert Craig is a small, ultra-premium winery, renowned for. Robert Mondavi Winery The Robert Mondavi Winery is recognized nationally and internationally as a leader in the wine industry. From the introduction. Robilio, Victor L Co Dixie Distributors preceded the Victor L. Robilio Co. Inc. and was started in 1943 by Harry Kabakoff. Victor L. Robilio, Sr. Rochester Mills Beer Co. Located in what used to be a knitting mill in downtown Rochester, Rochester Mills is a class act. The decor ix gleaming. Rocky Mountain Water Co Bottled water and dispensers for special events, home, and office. Products include small package water, bulk packages, and office. Rogue Ales Rogue Ales are made with the finest hops and barley malt, free range coastal water and Pacman top fermenting proprietary. Ronnoco Coffee Company Ronnoco is family owned and operated. We are small enough to pay attention to the details that go into making great. Round Hill Cellars Ernie Van Asperen had spent most of his life in the beverage business, for many years operating over eighty Ernie's Liquors. Royal Cup Inc. For those wanting a coffee break without the fuss, there's Royal Cup Coffee. The company, which was founded in 1896, works through. Royal Kedem Wine Corp Makers of Kosher wines, including the American Kedem, Israeli Gamla, and premium Baron Herzog California Varietal. Royale International Bev Co Royale International Beverage Company was incorporated in March 1986 to produce and market frozen beverage products. Rutherford Hill Winery Nestled high in the eastern hills, Rutherford Hill Winery commands a spectacular view of Napa Valley's Rutherford. Rutter Bros. Dairy, Inc Count on Rutter's for the farm fresh milk that you've grown to love! You'll find all your favorites. Ryan Coffee Company At Ryan's we use only two ingredients: filtered water and the best coffee beans that we can buy. S S Steiner Inc The Steiner group, which started in 1845 as a small hops dealership, is today one of the largest international hop growing. S&D Coffee, Inc. No matter how fine a roaster we are, it wouldn't mean much if our coffee didn't get to you fresh, on-time and with the set-up. Saint Arnold Brewing Company Saint Arnold Brewing Company, located in Houston, is Texas' oldest microbrewery. Our goal is to brew world class. Sakonnet Vineyards Sakonnet Vineyards, in Little Compton, Rhode Island was founded in 1975 on the well-researched premise. Sambazon The leader in manufacture and sales of products made from the Acai palm berry. Samuel Adams Brewery Company Brewing 18-distinctive styles of beer, Samuel Adams® beers offer drinkers a variety of styles for a wide range of tastes. San Antonio Winery Inc Today, the LA River is paved and the vineyards have been replaced with heavy industry. San Antonio Winery remains. San Joaquin Beverage Inc San Joaquin Beverage Inc is a Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesaler. Sanford Rose Associates Sanford Rose Associates serves its clients around the world from approximately 60 offices in the Americas. Santa Rita Bottling Co Viña Santa Rita owns fertile lands in four valleys that show a great wine producing development. Different soil. Santee Dairies Inc Each year, more than 65 million gallons of milk, juices, drinks, buttermilk and assorted fluid products are processed. Sarasota Brewing Company Sarasota Brewing Company produces a wide variety of traditional American and European style beers for the beer lover's. Sarasota Coca-Cola Btlg Sarasota Coca-Cola Btlg is your local Coca-Cola Bottler in Sarasota. Saratoga Liquor Company Saratoga Liquor Company was founded in 1934 by G. Morley Smith. G. Morley Smith Jr. ran the company until the early. Sazerac Company Inc Before there was a company, there was a drink. Antoine Peychaud, a Creole immigrant, operated a pharmacy on the French Quarter's. Schamberger Brothers Inc Schamberger Brothers Inc. is one of the oldest family owned beverage distributorships in the entire. Schilling Distributing Co Schilling Distributing Co is your local Anheuser-Busch. Schramsberg Vineyards Schilling Distributing Co is your local Anheuser-Busch Distributor in Lafayetteof the Napa Valley. Schroeder Company, Inc. Schroeder Company, Inc. is a fluid food manufacturer that has been in business over 125 years. Schroeder Milk Co. Inc. Over the last century, the Schroeder family's primary focus has remained the same: service customers in the delivery. Schwan Wholesale Company Schwan Wholesale Company is a local beer distributor in Devils Lake. Sea Dog Brewing Co. The original Sea Dog Brewing Co. was founded by Pete Camplin, Sr. on May 17th, 1993 in the historic shipbuilding town. Seabright Brewery Inc The Seabright Brewery is famous for our delicious beer. Seago Distributing Co Seago Distributing Co. is your local Anheuser-Busch Distributor in. Sebastiani Vineyards & Winery Oldest continuously family owned winery in Sonoma. Maker of premium Sonoma County wine including their renowned. Second Street Brewery, Inc. The Second Street Brewery Staff works hard to present a neighborhood brewpub that is welcoming to all, local residents and visitors. Seghesio Wineries, Inc. In 1895, the Seghesio Family planted their first zinfandel vineyard in Sonoma County’s Alexander Valley. Today, Seghesio Family Vineyards is a collection. Seligman Distributing Co Chas. Seligman Distributing Company is a wholesaler and distributor for Anheuser-Busch, Inc. and the Gambrinus. Seneca Lake Winery Association, Inc. We invite you to visit the largest, most diverse community of wine producers in the Eastern United States. Our 28 wineries. Sentman Distributors Inc Sentman Distributors Inc is your local Anheuser-Busch. Sequoia Beverage Company Sequoia Beverage Company is a local Anheuser-Busch Distributor. Shasta Beverages, Inc. Founded in 1889, Shasta beverages has been around for more than 100 years. With more than 50. Sheffield Distributing Co Sheffield Distributing Co. is a local beer distributor in. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. Sierra Nevada Brewing Company has a proud history as one of the pioneers of the craft brewing industry. Sierra Spring Water Co. Sierra Spring Water Company was founded in 1950 in Sacramento, California. The high concentration of health-conscious consumers. Silbernagel Company Inc Silbernagel Company Inc is a local wine distributor in Little Rock. Silver City Brewing Co Inc At Silver City Brewing Company we operate today on the same principles as we did when we opened our first Top Notch. Silver Eagle Distributors Silver Eagle Distributors, located in Houston, Texas is the nation’s second largest distributor of Anheuser-Busch products. Originally. Silver Foam Distributing Silver Foam Distributing is a wholesale distributor of select malt beverages. Silver Oak Cellars In the early 1970s, our winery emerged as a dream tied to an intrepid idea. Our founders—Ray Duncan, an entrepreneur. Skyland Distributing Co Skyland Distributing Co is a local beer distributor in Ashville. Wholesales beer & other fermented malt liquors. Sleeman Breweries Ltd Sleeman Breweries is an Ontario brewer and distributor of craft beers in Canada. Brews include Cream Ale. Slim Fast Nutritional Foods Slim·Fast has a full line of Ready to Drink Shakes, Meal Bars, and Snack Bars that, when combined with our 4 keys. Slocum & Sons Inc Slocum & Sons Inc is a Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant. Smith & Hook Winery Smith & Hook has built a reputation for world-class winemaking since 1979.

Smith & Hook has built a reputation. Smucker Quality Beverages Smucker Quality Beverages, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of. Snake River Brewing Co Snake River Brewing opened its doors in March of 1994, after remodeling. Snapple Snapple originated as Unadulterated Food Corporation and was owned by Leonard Marsh, Hyman Golden. Snapple Distributors Inc Snapple Distributors, Inc is the leading distributor of the premium. Sodak Distributing Co Sodak Distributing Co is a local wine distributor in Sioux Falls. Sonoma-Cutrer Vineyards, Inc. Sonoma-Cutrer Vineyards is dedicated to producing premium quality wines. Southcorp Wines Southcorp is the largest Australian-owned wine producer and one. Southeast Canners Inc Southeast Canners bottles a variety of soft drinks, fruit beverages. Southern Arizona Dist Co Southern Arizona Distributing Co. is a local beer distributor in Bisbee. Southern Eagle Dist Southern Eagle Distributing Inc. is your local Anheuser-Busch. Southern Gardens Citrus Holding Corp. Southern Gardens Citrus is the world’s largest supplier of 100. Southern Wine & Spirits of America, Inc. Founded in 1968, Southern Wine and Spirits of America, Inc. is the single largest distributor of wine, spirits, beer. Southwestern Bev Dist Southwestern Bev Distributing is a local beer distributor in Memphis. Sparkletts Water, Inc. Who doesn't enjoy a glass of high quality water? Since 1925, Americans have been enjoying the great taste of. Spaz Beverage Company Spaz Beverage Company is a local beer distributor in West Chester. Specialty Imports Specialty Imports, Inc. is one of Alaska's premiere wine, beer and spirits importers and distributors and has been since. Spirit & Sanzone Dist Spirit & Sanzone Distributors is your local beer distributor. Spirit Distributing Spirit Distributing serving the greater Boise area and Tamarack. Sprecher Brewing Co Inc Sprecher Brewing Company, established 1985 in Milwaukee-Wisconsin, produces over eleven fine European styles of beer and seven different. Spring Hill Water Spring Hill Pure Natural Water is fast becoming the favorite among not only supermarkets, wholesale grocers, dairies and others requiring. Spring House Water Co Open Up To Spring House Premium Water One of the most popular brands of bottled water is Spring House Drinking. Spring Mountain Vineyards, Inc. The new Spring Mountain Vineyard was once three separate properties each with its own vineyard and winery: Spring Mountain. St. Francis Winery & Vineyards St. Francis Winery & Vineyards, located in the heart of Sonoma Valley, produces big, bold, full-bodied wines that deliver. Stacole Company Inc Stacole Fine Wines is a family owned importer doing business in over 30 states in the U. S.A. since 1933. In May of 1991, we. Stag's Leap Wine Cellars Stags’ Leap is one of the world’s great Cabernet appellations, and growing grapes and making wine on this property. Standard Beverage Corp Standard Beverage Corporation is a full-line wholesale distributor of alcoholic beverages to licensed customers in Kansas. Standard Sales Co Inc Standard Sales Company, L. P. is exclusively engaged in the wholesale. Stanislaus Dist Company Stanislaus Dist Company is a local beer distributor in Modesto. Starbucks Coffee Company Starbucks Coffee Company is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world. Staten Island Clare Rose Staten Island Clare Rose is your local Anheuser-Busch. Ste. Michelle Wine Estates Ste. Michelle Wine Estates is the ‘String’. Our collection of estate wineries are the ‘Pearls. Steaz, The Healthy Beverage Company Steaz was created with one purpose – to provide consumers with the best tasting organic and fair trade beverages. Steelhead Brewing Co. At Steelhead Brewing Co. beer is a fermented or fermenting grain beverage. Every Steelhead location brews its. Stefanelli Distributing At Stefanelli Distributing our mission to our clients is to assure that all their expectations will be met in a timely. Stein Distributing Co Stein Distributing Co is a local beer and wine distributor in Boise. Sterling Distributing Co Sterling Distributing Co is your local Patron distributor in. Sterling Vineyards Sterling Vineyards Cellar Club Wine Club is your source for small. Stern Beverages Inc Stern Beverages Inc is your local Anheuser-Busch distributor in Milan. Stevenson Beer Dist Co Stevenson Beer Dist Co is a local beer distributor in Trinity. Stimson Lane Vineyard Washington state's oldest and most acclaimed winery offers award-winning wines and a tasting experience second to non. Stokes Distributing Co Stokes Distributing Co is a local beer distributor in Hattiesburg. Stone Brewing Company The Stone Brewing Co. is the brainchild of beer-lover/brewer. Stone Hill Wine Company With over 150 years of the richest winemaking heritage, Stone Hill. Stonegate Winery Stonegate owns or controls 200 acres of Napa Valley vineyards including. Straub Brewery, Inc. The Straub Brewery has been a favorite destination for beer lovers for decades! If you're one of the thousands of Straub. Straub Distributing Co Straub Distributing is a local Anheuser-Busch distributor in Orange County, California. Summit Brewing Company Summit brewing Company was founded with one goal: To bring back the. Summit Distributing Summit Distributing is the largest import/specialty beer distributor and the second largest beer. Sun Orchard Freshness is the foundation of juice quality. At Sun Orchard, delivering freshness to you and your customers. Sun-Drop Bottling Co Inc SunDrop Bottling Co. Inc. was founded in 1947 by Buford White as. Sunny Hill Distributors Sunny Hill Distributors is a distributor for Barton Brands in Hibbing. Sunny Sky Products Sunny Sky Products is the leading manufacturer and distributor of specialty beverage concentrates and beverage enhancers. Our premium beverage products reach an array of retail customers including convenience stores, restaurants, concessions, schools, and institutional facilities. Sunny Sky’s state-of-the-art manufacturing facility and corporate office is located in Houston, TX, where we produce a variety of thirst appealing beverages. These beverages include fountain soft drinks, fountain flavors, tea, tea sweeteners, frozen beverages, juices, Hispanic beverages and coffee toppings and flavoring syrups. Suntory Water Group Inc The Suntory lineup of popular beverages features market leaders in various beverage categories. Supreme Beverage Company Supreme Beverage Company is a local wine distributor in Birmingham. Supreme Manufacturing Supreme Manufacturing specializes in creating high quality beverage lines. Supreme Manufacturing currently produces more than 800 beverage products. Sutter Home Winery Sutter Home Winery was founded in the late 1800's and has always produced quality wines at reasonable prices. TRADER VICS FOOD PRODUCTS Trader's Polynesian-inspired food and beverage Products are served in hundreds of fine-dining establishments. TROPIC SA Produces Juices, water, energy drinks, sodas and dairy products in Haiti. Tabor Hill Vineyard In Southwest Michigan, just minutes from the glistening waters of Lake Michigan, the hills gently roll like. Takara Sake U S A Inc Takara Sake USA Inc. is a member of Takara Group, the leading corporation of alcohol-related business and biotechnology. Talking Rain Beverage Co TalkingRain Beverage Company is passionate about providing health-conscious consumers with the freshest natural water and. Talley Vineyards The Talley family owns four unique vineyards comprising 160. Tampico Beverages, Inc. Besides being the #1 selling brand of refrigerated Juice Drinks available in groceries across America and one. Tap Room Brewery Launched in 1991, The Tap Room proudly holds the distinction of being the first brewpub in Missouri. Tazo Tea Company Tazo is simply a wonderfully delicious beverage that begins when the. Temple Dr Pepper Bottling Temple Bottling Company, established in 1924 in Temple, Texas, is a family-owned, independent soft drink bottler and distributor. Tennessee Crown Dist Co Tennessee Crown Dist Co is your local Merchant du Vin distributor. Terlato Wine Group Terlato Wine Group has been involved in every aspect of the premium wine industry. Its businesses range from producing. Tetley U. S. A. Inc. Tetley Tea maintains a tradition of quality begun over 160 years ago in England. Tetley USA Inc. Hot and iced teas. Texas Coffee Company Texas Coffee Company is the manufacturer and distributor of Seaport coffee and Texas Coffee. Each brand is distinctly. The Chalone Wine Group, Ltd. Chalone's acquisition by Diageo Chateau & Estate Wines is now complete. The Charmer-Sunbelt Group The Charmer Sunbelt Group is one of the nation's leading distributors of fine wines, spirits, beers, bottled water, and other non-alcoholic. The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (CBTL) is a fast growing specialty retailer with 600+ retail locations including company-owned and franchised operations. The Gambrinus Company The Gambrinus Company, headed by President Carlos Alvarez, is a privately held. The ICEE Company The ICEE Company is the leader in the Frozen Carbonated Beverage Industry. In the late1950's a man named Omar. The Lagunitas Brewing Co. The Lagunitas Brewing Co. is one of the fastest-growing craft breweries in the U. S. Founded in 1993, we are located in Petaluma, CA with our state of the art 600,000 Bbl/yr facility and are currently opening up a brand new facility in Chicago, IL. The Patrón Spirits Company They took the100% pure Waeber blue agave, grown in the hills of Jalisco Mexico, and blended traditional techniques with modern. The Republic of Tea Founded in 1992, The Republic of Tea sparked a Tea Revolution. We began by canvassing the most prized tea gardens. Thirsty Dog Brewing Co. At the Thirsty Dog Brewing Company, full flavor, delicate balance, texture & aroma combine to make beer an infinitely. Thomas Kemper Soda Co Founded in 1990 at the Thomas Kemper Brewing Company's infamous Oktoberfest celebration, Thomas Kemper Sodas have enjoyed. Thornton Winery Nestled in the heart of the Temecula Valley Wine Country, Thornton Winery opened in. Thunder Canyon Brewery At Thunder Canyon Brewery our concept is simple - hearty and freshly-made brewpub fare, featuring something for everyone, including unique. Tommyknocker Brewery & Pub Tommyknocker Brewery & Pub produces award-winning, hand-crafted beer including Butt Head Bock and Maple Nut Brown Ale. Treana Winery The Hope family began planting vineyards in the area in 1978. Two decades of experience has taught them not only how to grow. Tree Top Inc Tree Top Inc is a Grower-owned apple and pear processing cooperative marketing apple juice, cider, fruit beverages. Trentadue Winery Trentadue Winery is a small, distinctive winery in the Alexander Valley. Treu House Of Munch Treu House Of Munch is your local Anheuser-Busch distributor in Northwood. Tri-County Beverage Co Tri-County Beverage Co is a local Beer and Beverage distributor in. Tri-Eagle Sales Tri-Eagle Sales are your Anheuser-Busch distributors in Tallahassee. Employment Opportunities. Triangle Distributing Co Triangle Distributing Co is an Anheuser-Busch distributor. Triple Leaf Tea Inc Triple Leaf Teas are made by our Chinese-American family owned business. Triple Rock Brewing Co Triple Rock Brewery & Alehouse is America's Oldest Original Brewpub. Triple Springs Water Co Triple Springs Spring Water Company is a full service water company where we pride ourselves on providing customer. Tropicana Products Tropicana's home is Bradenton, Florida—on the shores of the Manatee River where it empties into the Gulf of Mexic. True Citrus Company True Citrus is a unique and innovative food and beverage company. Truesdale Packaging Co. The Truesdale Packaging Co is the Coca-Cola bottler in the Warrenton. Tukys, Inc Tukys is still made in Amatitan, Mexico where the magic began. Tulocay & Co At Tulocay & Co. our wines are all from small, single vineyards. Twin Mountain Water Co Twin Mountain Water Co is a division of American Beverage Corporation (ABC), a diversified non-carbonated beverage company. Twining & Co. Ltd. R. Twinings and tea are inseparable. In the eyes of many happy customers around the world, Twinings is tea.

Twining & Co. 2812 Twining Rd Greensboro, NC 27406 Tyler Mountain Water Co Tyler Mountain Water Company, Inc. has been satisfying the thirst. Tyler Sales Company Inc Tyler Sales Company Inc. is the Anheuser-Busch distributor in. U S Distilled Products United States Distilled Products Company (USDP) began bottling. Ultimate Juice The Ultimate Juice Company is a healthy beverage company that. Union Beer Distributors Union Beer Distributors portfolio includes many of the world’s most. Unique Beverage Concepts Unique Beverage Concepts is a Division of United Restaurant Equipment. United Liquors United Liquors, LTD. has achieved the status of being the largest and most trusted liquor, beer and wine distributor. United Liquors Corp Established in 1948 United Liquors Corporation in Memphis, Tennessee has become one of the top distributors of fine wines. United Packaging Group Small beverage company producing water and carbonated beverages in a range of sizes and flavors. United States Bev L L C United States Bev LLC is a marketer and seller of import beers, craft beers and Hooper's Hooch styles. Universal Liquor Co Universal Liquor Co distributes Bully Hill Vinyards as well as. Upper Lakes Foods, Inc. Upper Lakes Foods, Inc. supplies quality food and drink to schools, churches, restaurants, fund raisers and many. Upstate Farms Upstate Farms is a food and beverage cooperative, dedicated to bringing you the freshest, highest-quality. V Sattui Winery V. Sattui is a family-owned winery established in 1885 and located in St. Helena, the very heart of California's famous. V. Santoni & Company V. Santoni & Company Established 1896. Locally Owned Distributor. Valdosta Coca-Cola Btlg Valdosta Coca-Cola Btlg is the Coca-Cola bottler in Valdosta. Valiant Vineyards Winery Valiant Vineyards Winery produces a variety of grape and fruit wines under the Valiant Vineyards and Turkey Ridge Creek. Valley Distributors Inc Anheuser-Busch Wholesalers, together with 12 breweries and a vast network of shippers, provide the most extensive. Valley Wide Beverage Co Valley Wide Beverage services six counties and over 3,000 retail customers each week, providing them with over 400 different. Vancouver Island Brewing Co Vancouver Island Brewing Co is a small craft brewery located. Vanguard Dist. Corp. Vanguard Dist. Corp. is the Anheuser-Busch distributor. Vehrs Inc Vehrs Inc is a "wine only" Wholesale Distributor with emphasis on. Ventana Vineyards Winery, Inc. Ventana Vineyards is the “Most Award Winning Single Vineyard in. Vermont Pub & Brewery Co. Located in Burlington, Vermont near the shores of Lake Champlain, the Vermont Pub and Brewery has become a local landmark. Vermont Pure Springs, Inc. Vermont Pure Springs, Inc. is a supplier of bottled water, serving Connecticut. Victory Brewing Company Since 1996 critics and consumers have said that our beers are mighty things. We feel that they are small 'victories' for. Vigo Importing Co. At Vigo Importing Company food is our business. And we take it seriously. Viking Distillery, Inc. Constellation Beers & Spirits imports into the U. S. some of the world’s best beer brands and is one of the largest. Villa Mt. Eden/Conn Creek Wineries Villa Mt. Eden's winemaking and viticulture team combines classic winemaking talent with an unceasing spirit of adventure. Vincor International Inc Vincor International Inc. is one of the world’s top ten wine companies by revenue. Vincor has wineries in British Columbia. Vincor Québec Inc. Vincor Québec Inc. is a division of Vincor International Inc. Vineland Estates Winery Ltd Vineland Estates Winery features premier VQA wines and a renowned restaurant serving regional cuisine. Situated. Vineyards International Distribution Vineyards International Distribution, is a wholeseller. Vintage House Merchants Vintage House Merchants Inc. a Wine and Distilled Alcoholic. Vintage Wine Distributor Vintage Wine Distributor is the wholesale distributor. Vintner's Collective Vintner's Collective is the first of it's kind in Napa Valley, a multi-winery tasting room that is home to ten of eighteen of the most. Volcano Vineyards LLC Volcano Vineyards handcrafts small lots of wine from premium vineyard sites throughout the Pacific Northwest. Von Stiehl Winery Ltd. Von Stiehl Winery produces wines with fruit from Door County and grapes from California and. Von's United Beverage Co Von's United Beverage Inc is the premier distributor of Kiran Lager. W O W Distributing Co W. O.W. Distributing Co. is the premier distributor for Anchor. Wagner Brewing Company Wagner offers the most comprehensive tour of any Finger Lakes winery. The tour encompasses all facets of the winemaking operation. Walling Distributing Co Walling Distributing Co is the premier Anheuser-Busch. Wallingford Coffee Co Inc Wallingford Coffee Mills, Inc. sells and distributes coffee in more than 35 states. It employs over 85 highly specialized employees as. Warren Distributing Co Warren Distributing Co is the Mendocino beers distributor in. Wasatch Distributing Co Wasatch Distributing distributes Anheuser-Busch products to Northern Utah. Our new Refrigerated warehouse and computer-based. Washington Wholesale Liq Washington Wholesale Liqour Co. Inc. distributor for Barton. Watch City Brewing Co. Watch City Brewing Company -- A Waltham, Massachusetts. Watchung Spring Water Co Watchung Spring Water has an exclusive distributorship of Poland Spring and Deer Park Water. Water Boy Inc WaterBoy has been serving customers our crisp and pure spring water. Wayne Distributing Co Wayne Distributing Co distributor of Thin Ice and imported beers. Weibel Vineyards The Weibel Family has been producing Champagne and premium wine, specifically Green Hungarian for over 75 years, first. Welch Foods, Inc. At Welch's, we value our heritage as a manufacturer of the highest quality fruit-based products which meet. Wente Vineyards Wente Vineyards is a family owned winery established in 1883. West Side Beer Dist West Side Beer Dist distributes Kiran Lager as well as many other. Western Wyoming Beverages Distributors for Anheuser Busch products: Budweiser, Bud Light. Westmoreland Distributing Westmoreland Distributing is the premier alcoholic beverage. White Cloud Coffee Co At White Cloud Coffee Co. you'll find fabulous coffee backed. White Coffee Corp. White Coffee is a third generation, family owned business dedicated. White Rock Distilleries White Rock Distilleries is a leading manufacturer and importer. Whitehouse Artesian Springs The areas finest drinking water.

Serving the Greater Cleveland area since 1954. Drinking Water Delivery. Whitlock Packaging Corp Whitlock Packaging Corp. is a progressive juice manufacturing. Widmer Brothers Brewing Brothers Kurt and Rob Widmer founded Widmer Brothers Brewing Company. Wiederkehr Wine Cellars Wiederkehr Wine Cellars is now Celebrating 125 years of pride. Wil Fischer Distributing Wil Fischer Distributing is an Anheuser-Busch Distributor. Wild Turkey Distillery At Wild Turkey Distillery making bourbon whiskey is a combination of art. Willamette Valley Vineyards Willamette Valley Vineyards goal is to make the highest quality. Williamsburg Winery Williamsburg Winery is Virginia’s largest winery with an annual. Willoughby Brewing Co. Llc Nestled in the heart of Historic Downtown Willoughby, Ohio. Willow Distributors Inc Miller of Dallas has bought Willow Distributors of Dallas in a deal. Wilsbach Distributors Inc Wilsbach Distributors Inc. is a beer and ale merchant. Wilson Daniels Ltd Representing wonderful wines made by wonderful people, quality. Windsor Vineyards Windsor Vineyards is the only winery in America offering award-winning. Wine & Spirit Retail Consultants, Inc. Wine & Spirit Retail Consultants, Inc is a Consulting/Franchising company that works with local liquor retail. Wine Trends Inc Wine Trends Inc is a wholesale wine distributor established. Wine Warehouse Wine Warehouse distributes BONNY-DOON VINYARD as well as. WinePro WinePro is known for matching each candidate’s personality. Winebow, Inc Today Winebow's portfolio contains 3,000+ wines from all over. Winner Distributing Co Winner Distributing Company is the exclusive Anheuser-Busch. Wirtz Beverage Group Griggs Cooper & Co. was founded in 1882 as a distributor of grocery products to stores in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. Wis-Pak, Inc. Wis-Pak, Inc. ("Wis-Pak") is a major North American bottler. Wolfe Beverage Company Wolfe Beverage Company is the Eldridge area Leinenkugel's. Wollersheim Winery Inc. Just across from Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, the Wollersheim. Wright-Wisner Dist Corp Wright-Wisner Dist Corp is the premier beer and spirit. Yakama Juice LLC Yakama Juice LLC was the first Native-American owned juice. Yakult U. S.A. Inc. Yakult is the world’s leading probiotic beverage created in Japan in 1935. It is produced by Yakult Honsha Co. Yoo-Hoo Chocolate Beverage Corp Ever since the 1920's, Yoo-hoo has been making a permanent mark. Yosemite Waters Yosemite Waters where pure and fresh tasting bottled water is delivered. Young's Market Company Young's Market is one of the largest distributors of beer, wine, and. Yuengling & Son Since 1829 D. G. Yuengling & Son of Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Zink Distributing Co Inc Zink Distributing Co Inc is your local Anheuser-Busch. illy caffe North America, Inc

We at Silex General Trading operate towards a vision to be the best and most professional fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) brand distributor and marketing services group in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Led by a senior management team with decades of experience in the marketing, selling, and distribution of FMCG, we have earned the title as a leading distribution company based in the UAE.

We take pride in being a pioneer in introducing reputed, branded, and top-quality goods across multiple channels to millions of people in the UAE. What sets us apart from our peers, are our core values and strong rapport with our partner network thatвЂ™s built on values, competencies, trust, professionalism, integrity, and credibility.

Our current FMCG brand/product range portfolio can be broadly categorized into four areas вЂ“ Home Care, Personal Care, Food & Drink & Private Labels. Our non-food range includes top quality international brands in the areas of bath and body, skin care, hair care, fragrances, baby care, personal care, oral care, cleaning products and more. Food brands include spices, cereals, flour, canned tuna, packed food and snacks, coconut water, and coffee from mostly the US, Indian, Middle Eastern, and Asia Pacific regions.

We clinched prestigious awards for best distributor in the UAE вЂ“ a testament to the service and value provided in the space we operate in.

OUR VISION

To be the UAEвЂ™s best FMCG packaged goods Distributor, set apart by an innovative and entrepreneurial spirit, focused on creating, building and establishing brands and businesses of our valuable partners.

CEOвЂ™S MESSAGE

Our foremost corporate purpose is to be a highly preferred supplier by offering unparalleled service to our Trade Customers, and end Consumers. We aim to do this by marketing and distributing a strong portfolio of brands and product ranges from across the world that deliver good quality at the right price points, i. e. genuine Value for Money.

True to our core values, we conduct our business operations and dealings in the spirit of humility, fairness, mutual respect, and good corporate ethics.

We strongly endorse CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in the areas of environment and ecology, children with special needs.

With an excellent market reputation, we are proud of our strong trade relationships that continue to grow across our varied spectrum of clientele. Our Head Office is located in Dubai, and we have 2 regional offices in Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. Equipped with Skilled sales, merchandising, promotion, and brand management teams, we have an edge above the rest when it comes to understanding customer needs and delivering exceptional results.

An additional advantage would be a state-of-the-art and very robust warehousing and logistics infrastructure with a capacity of 345,000 sq ft. Our very proactive and result orientated team will keep your goods moving to the right place, at the right speed, at the right time.

CORE STRENGTHS

Sobre nosotros

Elster Water Metering is an industry leader in the development and implementation of innovative metering solutions to the water industry and is committed to address the unique challenges the industry faces, including increasing customer demand and water scarcity.

Elster Water Metering designs and manufactures a comprehensive range of water metering solutions, which includes high accuracy mechanical meters, fully electronic water meters and Smart metering solutions for residential, commercial and industrial sectors.

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We have a passion for ingenuity and a 130 year legacy of pioneering systems and technologies to distribute, measure, monitor and manage water accurately and efficiently.

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Elster products work together to create intelligent solutions. We are strategizing and collaborating to change utility norms. Elster offers one of the broadest product lines for water metering in the World.

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How to Pass a Drug Test

Perhaps you work for a company that requires routine standard drug tests, or perhaps a drug test is a condition of a legal settlement. A drug test might use a sample of your urine, hair, blood, or saliva. It is to your personal and professional benefit to test negative for drugs in your system. The best way to pass a drug test by far is to understand how long drugs remain in your system and discontinue drug use for the proper amount of time.

Edit Steps

Edit Method One of Four: Passing a Urine Test

Recognize that urine tests are the most common drug test. If your employer requires a drug test, it is likely that you will be providing a urine sample. In rarer cases, an employer may also require a blood, saliva, or hair test. A urine test may be done privately (in a bathroom stall at a laboratory) or it might be observed by a laboratory employee. [1]

Provide a list of your medications. False positive drug tests are very rare in licensed, reputable laboratories. However, certain prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and herbal remedies can be mistaken for drugs of abuse in drug tests. For example, some decongestants might lead to a positive drug test for amphetamines. [2] In order to ensure that your drug test does not provide a false positive, make a thorough list of all your medications and provide the list to your employer, along with any supporting documentation required.

Know what drugs are tested for in the 5-panel test. Urine tests can detect a variety of substances in your system. The particular drugs tested for are depend on a variety of factors: your personal or legal history, the requirements of your job, legal guidelines, or the occurrence of workplace accidents might all affect the specific drugs your employer chooses to test for. [3] However, the most commonly administered drug test is the 5-panel urine test. [4] Most 5-panel tests detect the following drugs: [5]

Marijuana

Cocaína

Opiates

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Amphetamines

Know what other drugs are tested for. While the 5-panel test is the most common, some employers or legal personnel might choose to add other drugs to their screening. They might add testing for any or all of the following substances: [6]

Alcohol

MDMA (ecstasy)

Barbiturates

Propoxyphene

Benzodiazepines

Know how long drugs remain in your system. A urine test does not test your sobriety at the exact moment at which you provided the sample. Instead, it tests your past use of drugs over the past few days or even weeks. Habitual drug users often have higher concentrations of the drug in their systems than occasional drug users. For this reason, habitual drug users may test positively for drugs even after being sober for several days or weeks. [7] Other factors might affect the concentration of drugs in your system, such as your metabolism, quality and amount of drugs taken, hydration levels, and overall health. In general, however, you can expect a urine test to detect drugs for the following times: [8]

Amphetamine: 2 days

Barbiturates: 2 days-3 weeks

Benzodiazapines: 3 days (therapeutic dose); 4-6 weeks (habitual use)

Cocaine: 4 days

Ecstasy: 2 days

Heroin: 2 days

Marijuana: 2-7 days (single use); 1-2+ months (habitual use)

Methamphetamine: 2 days

Morphine: 2 days

PCP: 8-14 days (single use); 30 days (chronic users)

Discontinue drug use for the proper amount of time. The only surefire way to pass a drug test is not to use drugs, especially when you are in the testing window. In some cases, you might know in advance when the test will take place. In other cases, however, you might not have any warning. In that case, consider whether your circumstances will make it likely for you to be tested for drugs in the near future. For example, discontinue drug use if you:

Are on the job market

Are on probation

Are in a profession that requires occasional random drug testing

Avoid spiking or masking the urine sample. This is a method used to throw off testing equipment from seeing certain results. Commercial and over-the-counter chemicals containing nitrates were once used to mask THC (the active drug in the marijuana plant) but are now commonly tested for. These products are all detectable, and will result automatically in a failed drug screen. [9]

Consider the risks of diluting the sample. Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of drug or drug metabolites in the sample. This is accomplished by adding fluid to the sample. Drug testing laboratories all routinely test samples to detect dilution. [10]

One method of diluting the sample involves adding liquid to urine. However, the temperature of the urine is measured by drug tests, and diluted urine is easily detected. [11]

Another method of diluting the sample is to flush your system by drinking excessive amounts of water. However, drinking excessive amounts of water can be dangerous (people have died from water intoxication) and risky because colorless urine arouses suspicion, possibly flagging the sample. You will likely be asked to provide another sample after a few hours, which will not be enough time for your body to rid itself of drug traces. [12] .

Provide "cleaner urine" in your sample. While excessive flushing will likely lead to a failed urine test, you may be able to slightly lower the concentration of THC in your urine if you are well hydrated. For those who have not used marijuana for several days, this might make a significant difference in your drug test result. In order to provide an optimal urine sample, you can: [13]

Drink 3-4 glasses of water the morning of your test

Pee at least twice before providing a urine sample. Your early morning urine will have the highest concentration of drugs in your system. Give your body some time to flush these chemicals out, and never use your first pee of the day in a drug test.

Drink a coffee or caffeinated soda. Caffeine is a mild diuretic, which can help your body flush out fluids more quickly.

Take some aspirin. The science is shaky, but some studies have reported that aspirin can help mask certain chemicals detected by a drug test. Take 4 aspirin a few hours before your test if you are worried about your results. It might not help, but most people can take aspirin safely, without any harmful side effects. [14]

Aspirin can be dangerous for those on blood thinners, however. Be sure that you read all package instructions and warnings before taking aspirin.

Consider the risks of substituting the sample. Substitution is a method that involves substituting your urine with that of another person's or a synthetic sample. There are many companies that sell devices for urine substitution over the internet, as well as companies that sell synthetic urine.

Be aware that defrauding the urine test might be a crime. In many states, it is illegal to substitute someone else's urine for your own. This could be considered an act of criminal fraud, and you might be putting your job, employment, or legal status at risk. Consider carefully whether it is worth the risk to attempt to defraud a urine test. [15]

Synthetic urine comes in two basic forms: the liquid type found in smoke shops that is similar to what is used to calibrate lab equipment; or vials of a powdered concentrate that can be added to a few ounces of warm water. Both are kept in a delivery device with a temperature meter.

One of the challenges of urine substitution is ensuring that the urine remains at a normal body temperature (91-97 degrees Fahrenheit).

Some labs are now testing for synthetic urine. For your legal protection, it is critical that you do not use this method for any government tests including military, civil service, and especially probation.

The liquid premixed urine has a couple of drawbacks as it doesn't have a head or small layer of bubbles on the surface and it has no smell. Powdered synthetic urine does. Many labs and collection sites will reject your specimen if they suspect it is synthetic and ask you to urinate under direct observation.

Substituting another person's urine might also be risky, since it is possible that they will not pass the drug test either. Urine also darkens over time, and bacteria can grow, contaminating the sample. If deterioration becomes noticeable the lab may suspect something.

Do not use drugs after passing a urine test. In some cases, an employer or parole officer might ask for a re-test of your urine. Do not celebrate a passed drug test by using drugs: you might simply fail the next one. Be patient, and make sure that your results were believed before taking any further action.

Edit Method Two of Four: Passing a Hair Follicle Test

Understand how the hair testing process works. When drug metabolites are in the blood, they'll end up in the blood vessels, including those in the head. The traces of the drug then get filtered through the hair, leading to a failed drug test. [16]

Hair drug testing can show the drugs a person may have used over the past several months. It is a more accurate test of long-term drug use than a urine or blood test.

A hair drug test involves cutting 50-80 strands of hair from the back of the head, close to the crown. Note that even though the drug test is often referred to as a "hair follicle" test, your skin will not be broken in this test.

A minimum length of 1.5 inches of head hair is necessary for the test. If this length of hair is unavailable (such as when the person being tested has a crew cut), body hair such as face, chest, or arm hair can be used. [17]

Recognize that hair drug tests are less effective measures of single drug use. A hair follicle test is a more effective test of long-term or heavy drug use. A single, minor use of a drug is much less likely to lead to a failed hair drug test, though it can happen. If you have only smoked a single joint in the past 3 months, you can be cautiously hopeful that you will pass the drug test. However, if you had a period of time where you smoked a joint every day for a week, you are much more likely to fail the drug test. [18]

Be aware that drugs take 5-7 days to enter your hair. While a hair drug test is highly effective for past drug use, very recent drug use is harder to detect in this way. It usually takes several days to a week for recent drug use to appear in your hair.

For this reason, some employers and agencies will require that you take both a hair test (for long-term drug use) and a urine test (for short-term drug use).

Know the drugs that will be tested for in the 5-panel test. One of the more common hair follicle tests is the 5-panel drug test. Like the urine 5-panel test, the hair follicle 5-panel test detects traces of the following drugs: [19]

Marijuana

Cocaína

Opiates

Amphetamines (including ecstasy, meth, and molly)

PCP

Know other drugs that can be tested for. Some employers or legal agencies choose to test for additional drugs outside of the traditional 5-panel test. These drugs include many categories of prescription medication in addition to common street drugs. These drugs include: [20]

Benzodiazapines

Methadone

Barbiturates

Propoxyphene

Oxycontin

Demerol

Tramadol

Stop use of all drugs 90 days before the test. In general, the portion of hair that is tested is the 1.5 inches of head hair closest to the crown of the head. This portion of hair is enough to test your use of drugs in the past 90 days. The only way to be sure to pass a hair test is not to have drugs in your system during this period.

Be aware that hair tests are very difficult to fool. Many of the techniques used to fool a urine drug test are not suitable for a hair test. For example, your hair sample is often collected by a lab assistant directly since there are no privacy concerns (as there are for a urine sample). There are no chemical masking agents or dilution methods that can lower toxins in the hair. And a temporary stoppage of drug use is not sufficient to pass most hair drug tests. The very high success rate of the hair drug tests is precisely why many employers and legal agencies use them. [21]

It is particularly difficult for people with dark colored hair to fool a hair follicle test. For this reason, there are many claims that hair drug tests are ethnically biased and racist. [22]

Shave your hair and body. If you do not want to go through a hair test, you might want to make sure that there is not enough hair on your head or body to test. This will likely involve a full-body shave or waxing treatment, since any kind of hair on your body can be tested for drugs. [23]

While this method will prevent you from failing a drug test, it will likely make your employer suspicious and it may prevent you from being offered a job.

Be cautious about special shampoos and rinses. There are a number of shampoos on the market that claim to help you pass a hair follicle drug test. However, none of these effects have been scientifically proven, and any evidence of their success is anecdotal and possibly suspect. [24]

A potential home remedy that has been rumored to be successful involves rinsing your hair with white vinegar, salicylic acid, and laundry detergent, followed by using a temporary hair dye. This treatment is unproven but is also relatively inexpensive and, as long as you keep these chemicals out of your eyes, has few side effects.

Some studies show that cosmetically treated hair is less likely to show traces of cocaine. [25]

Edit Method Three of Four: Passing a Saliva Test

Know how the test works. Saliva/oral fluid-based drug tests can generally detect drug use during the previous few hours and days. They're becoming more prevalent because of their convenience, non-invasiveness, and low cost. Saliva tests can detect any drug that can also be found in the blood. [26]

Know the detection times. Drug detection in saliva tests begins immediately upon use and can continue for up to 4 days. However, many light drug users might be able to pass a saliva test as soon as 26-33 hours after drug use. [27]. For this reason, some people consider a saliva drug test to be a more useful diagnostic for impairment than general drug-related behavior. [28] People in professions that are concerned about impairment (such as commercial trucking companies) might be more likely to take a saliva drug test for this reason. [29] The drug detection times in general are as follows:

Marijuana and hashish (THC): An hour after ingestion, and up to 24 hours depending on use.

Cocaine (including crack): From time of ingestion up to 2 to 3 days.

Opiates: From time of ingestion up to 2 to 3 days.

Methamphetamine and ecstasy: From time of ingestion up to 2 to 3 days.

Benzodiazepines: From time of ingestion up to 2 to 3 days.

Refrain from drug use within 2-4 days of getting tested. Most saliva drug tests are taken directly at a laboratory, making it difficult to substitute samples or contaminate your saliva. Unlike a urine test, there are no privacy concerns with a saliva test, meaning that you might be watched throughout the duration of the test. The only guarantee of passing a drug test is refraining from drug use during the detection period, 1-4 days prior to the test. [30]

Rinse your mouth with food, beverages, or mouthwash. Studies show that eating, drinking, brushing your teeth, or using mouthwash might have a temporary effect on saliva drug test results. However, these effects disappear after 30 minutes or so. For this reason, many drug companies require that you do not eat or drink for 30 minutes prior to the test. During this period, you might be observed in the laboratory. However, if you are not observed, you might be able to get away with rinsing your mouth with a commercial mouthwash. It is possible that you might be asked to re-take the test if this contamination is detected. [31]

Edit Method Four of Four: Knowing Common Drug Testing Circumstances

Know when you might be observed during a drug test. There are many situations that may require an observed test. If you hold a Commercial Driver's License and provide a specimen that is outside of the acceptable temperature range or shows signs of tempering or it requires an immediate, observed retest. [32]. Some employers require an observed collection for professionals (doctors, nurses, etc) who have been a history of drug or alcohol abuse. You can of course always refuse to provide an observed specimen, but there may be repercussions including job loss.

Know the law. At least ten states (Arkansas, Illinois, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia and Texas) have outlawed the sale of synthetic urine or adulterants for the purpose of passing a drug test. Be aware of this as you consider your options.

Recognize when you are likely to be tested. Employers are currently allowed by law to require that workers submit to urinalysis or saliva screening to be considered for employment and/or to retain their employment. States have laws which often limit how and when testing can be done, such as requiring that the company have a written policy or that 'random' testing not be used. [33] However, some circumstances when you are most likely to be tested include:

During the hiring process. You do not have to submit to a blood test as a job applicant. However, a potential employer can make passing a drug test a requirement of a conditional job offer once it is extended to you. [34]

If you are a pregnant woman in the hospital. In the United States, some states have required pregnant women to be tested for illegal drug use as part of their prenatal care. The US Supreme Court ruled the secret testing of women unconstitutional in the case of Ferguson v City of Charleston, in March 2001. However, women who arrive to deliver in a hospital have their blood tested routinely. A delivering mother could face endangerment charges or even worse if traces are found in her blood. [35]

If you operate a vehicle or heavy machinery. Jobs where lives might be put in danger when an employee is impaired--such as construction or truck driving--often require routine tests for impairment. [36]

If you exhibit suspicious behavior. If you commit an accident in the workplace, have slurred speech, or behave erratically, your employer might require you to take a drug test as a condition of your employment. [37]

Know when drug testing is not permitted. Laws vary from state to state and change frequently. You can find out the details of your state´s drug testing laws by contacting a trade organization, your state government or an employment lawyer. Your right to test workers for drug use depends on several factors. Drug testing also falls under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which includes several key features:

The ADA makes it illegal for any employer to test a prospective employee without first making a conditional offer of employment.

The ADA also says you can't discriminate against prospective employees on the basis of past drug-related problems. Then again, you may refuse to hire people if you have reason to believe they will return to substance abuse or endanger the safety and health of your workers. If you aren't sure how to proceed with an applicant who has a history of drug abuse, consult an attorney. The ADA doesn't prohibit asking a person with a history of substance abuse to enroll in a rehabilitation program before joining your firm. [38]

Know what's true and what's not about drug testing. There are a number of false rumors and unsubstantiated claims about passing drug tests. There are also a number of commercial products that promise customers they will be able to pass a drug test without backing up these claims with evidence. Common myths include:

Secondhand smoke. Cut-off levels are set so as to keep one failing due to casual secondhand smoke.

Poppy Seeds. The current recommended cutoff level was raised from 300 ng/mL to 2,000 ng/mL in 1998 in order to avoid false positives from poppy seeds You would need to eat a whole loaf of poppy seed to register for even one day. [39]

Bleach. Adding bleach to nullify a urine sample will change the pH and flag the sample as being tampered and you will fail. Drinking bleach will blind you and maybe kill you. [40]

Aspirin. Aspirin has been claimed to create a false negative for THC. This only works under ideal circumstances and only for certain kinds of test. It is not a guarantee of passing.

Bleaching and redyeing your hair will not remove the metabolites from hair during the hair follicle test. However, natural blondes are more likely to pass a hair follicle test.

TETTO FRATI (ITALY)

MAIN PURPOSE: Agricultural site, organic matter dynamics, N leaching.

ECOSYSTEM TYPE: Arable land, maize-based cropping systems.

EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS: Fertilisation, manure, rotation.

LOCALISATION: 44.88383290117533 7.682075500488281

F ACILITIES: Ecosystem manipulation platform aimed at studying:

Soil C and N turnover (balance and effects on plant growth and yield);

Mineral & organic (farmyard manure, bovine slurry) fertiliser efficiency;

Water and mineral N dynamics through soil;

GHGs emissions from soil and microbial diversity in agroecosystems.

A wide range of treatments are compared, as a combination of 6 cropping systems x 9 fertilisation managements of maize-based forage systems. Treatments differ for C and N additions, and replicate real farm operations in 75m² plots, 3 randomised blocks design. It was established in 1992, therefore it is suitable for studying systems at equilibrium . The site has a unique combination of climate and soil in Europe. With its sandy loam and deep calcareous soils, it is representative of the Po Plain. Facilities are:

All standard field equip-ment for monitoring crop growth and nutritional status;

Portable photo-acoustic infrared gas analyser;

Equipped chemical lab (LC, HPLC, TOC, CHNS, GC for monitoring gaseous emission, growth chambers for incubation studies and other standard facilities).

Recently, the fertilisation amounts have been updated to adapt to current regulations (amount of N from manures = 170 and 250 kg. ha¹). An intensive monitoring of the soil mineral N content at various depths in 22 treatments differing for C and N additions has been started. New and larger closed chambers for GHG measurements are now available.

CONTACT: C. GRIGNANI ( This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ) - L. ZAVATTARO ( This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )

RECENT PUBLICATIONS: ● Zavattaro, L. Monaco, S. Sacco, D. Grignani, C. 2012. Options to reduce N loss from maize in intensive cropping systems in Northern Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 147, 24–35. ● Borda T. Celi L. Zavattaro L. Sacco D. Barberis E. 2011. Effect of agronomic management on risk of suspended solids and phosphorus losses from soil to waters. J Soils Sediments 11:440–45. ● Bertora, C. Zavattaro, L. Sacco, D. Monaco, S. Grignani, C. 2009. Soil organic matter dynamics and losses in manured maize-based forage systems. Europ. J. Agronomy 30, 177–186.

TA PROJECTS: Distribution of soil organic matter in deep soil layers under maize cultivation (DEEPSOM)

TA User (visit): Taru Lehtinen, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria (March, 2015 – 05 days) Project Description: Deep soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial activity in the deeper soil layers is a topic not often covered in agricultural studies since the main interest lies within the most active topsoils and deep soils are more time consuming to sample. However, studies have shown that deep SOM does matter (Harper and Tibbet, 2013), although its function and dynamics are not fully understood yet (Rumpel and Kögel - Knabner, 2011). Deep SOM originates mainly from dissolved organic carbon, root products, and transported particulates from the soil surface (Rumpel and Kögel-Knabner, 2011). Subsoils can contribute up to more than half of the total soil C stocks, as was recently confirmed in England and Wales (Gregory et al. 2014), thus, their role, e. g. in C sequestration, should not be underestimated (Rumpel and Kögel-Knabner, 2011). Organo-mineral interactions may play a major role in SOM stabilization, as was shown in calcareous soils from Germany (Grünewald et al. 2006). It has been shown that the molecular structure alone does not determine the stability of SOM, but physical connections and disconnection between microorganisms and SOM control how much is stabilized in the soil (Schmidt et al. 2011). In this study, the main aim is to investigate the soil organic matter dynamics in the first meter of the soil profiles in the long-term maize cropping system experiment Tetto Frati, in the vicinity of the Po river in Northern Italy. In addition, soil aggregate stability will be investigated. The detailed objectives of this study are: - Can soil management induced differences that have been detected in the topsoils also be detected in the deeper soil layers? - How are the active carbon, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and potentially mineralizable N distributed in the soil profiles? - How is soil respiration affected by the soil depth? - How is aggregate stability affected by the soil depth? - How are carbon and nitrogen distributed in the micro - (<250μm) and macroaggregates (>250μm)?

Contribution of belowground biomass carbon to stable soil organic matter pool (Maistable).

TA User (visit): An Vanderhasselt, Ghent University, Belgium (September, 2014 - 3 days). Project Description: Different agricultural management practices have been shown to increase sequestration of C in soil (Follett, 2001; Janzen et al. 1998). Crop residue management for example influences the retention of carbon in the soil. In order to maintain soil fertility and –quality, or even improve it, it is important to supply enough organic matter to the soil. Only a smaller part of this organic matter also is on the decadal scale stabilized against microbial decomposition. Cereal crop residues are most often removed from the field and used as stable bedding or as a source for energy production. Yet there is growing interest to valorize grain maize straw for different potential purposes including bio-energy production, biorefining, construction material, ingredient of animal fodder…. By doing so, soil fertility or stable soil organic matter content should not be depleted, in order not to become a possible source of atmospheric CO 2 . The increasing removal of aboveground crop residues increases the importance of belowground residues or roots. Recently, however, some field experiments have shown that the stable organic carbon pool in the soil is relatively unaffected by the removal of the aboveground biomass from the field (Monaco et al. . 2008). Therefore, the intention of this research is to investigate the contribution of belowground biomass carbon to the stable soil organic matter pool. To this end it can be examined wheter belowground biomass is the major contributor to the stable organic carbon pool and which mechanisms are responsible. The contribution of belowground biomass C to the stable organic matter pool is, however, not fully understood. Over the past 15 years increasing attention has been paid to investigate the relative stability of above - vs. belowground biomass derived SOC. From these research efforts it is now clear that root-derived C remains two times longer in the soil as stable SOC than shoot-derived C (Rasse et al . 2005, Kong & Six, 2010) However, the importance of several hypothesized mechanisms responsible for the stabilization of root-derived C and the interactions with agricultural management are not well understood.

Effects of residue management on NH3 losses in multi-plot trial (REMAL).

ExpeER TA Site: with Lusignan, France. TA User (visit): Andreas Pacholski, Crop Science, Kiel University, Germany (November, 2013 – 21 days). Project Description: Livestock production contributes 70-80% of the anthropogenic ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions in Europe and application of manure contributes a large proportion of these losses. Many cost-effective abatement techniques have been proposed to reduce NH 3 volatilization in relation with manure spreading. However, common local manure utilization techniques need further investigation to promote best agronomic practices that reduce NH 3 volatilization. Objectives: The first objective is the in-field quantification of NH 3 emissions from farmyard manure and cattle slurry applications on soil with and without maize residues, as they represent the most interesting treatments of the main experimental site for this issue. A second objective is a comparison among different methods for NH 3 emissions investigation. Materials and Methods: in field NH 3 emissions will be measured for 3 days after surface application of cattle slurry, farmyard manure and for 2 weeks after application of urea on bare soil with and without maize residues (six treatments as total, with three replications). Measurements shall be done according to a new multi-plot method developed in Germany (Gericke et al. 2011). Comparisons between treatments and replicate measurements are done by semi-quantitative sampling with acid traps. The obtained values are scaled to absolute losses by measurements with a calibrated chamber method (Pacholski et al. 2006). This approach has been proven valid compared to micrometeorological standard methods in several field trials in Germany (Quakernack et al. 2012, Ni et al. 2012). At some measurement campaigns micrometeorological measurements (Sommer et al. 2005) will be done to test the validity of the multi-plot approach under conditions of Northern Italy.

Strategies for better nutrient use efficiency and lower environmental load: from a long term field experiment to whole livestock farms (IMPROVEMAIZE).

TA User (visit): Marina Bleken, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway (April, 2013 - 13 days). Project Description: Results from the long term trial on cropping systems at Tetto Frati will be used to estimate the yield and environmental performance of contrasting cattle farming practice in the Po Plain. The upscaling from crop system to whole farm scale will be modulated on the farm structure of real enterprises in the Piemonte area of the Po Plain. The characteristics of the herds and the degree of animal intensity will determine the need for forage and for disposal of animal manure, and results from the long-term cropping systems at Tetto Frati will be used to design feasible management plans for crop production and manure application on the farm. Data about important environmental indicators as nutrient leaching and soil organic matter changes will be estimated for the whole farm using response curves observed empirically at Tetto Frati. GHG emissions will be estimated according to IPCC methodology. The objective of the study is to identify farming strategies for sustainable cattle production systems in the Po plain that comply with the requirements of the Nitrate Directives and Water Framework Directives of the European Union, as well as estimate their impact on GHG emissions.

Fogonadura

APCO Inc

Filters-For-Home online sales of filters for water, air and humidification.

Water filter for GE Smart Water systems. Culligan, Moen, and most refrigerators including LG, Whirlpool, Frigidaire, Kenmore, Hotpoint and others.

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Jabal Omar Towers, K. S.A.

The project involves construction of 4 hotel towers, out of which two 5 star hotel towers each comprising a ground floor and 41 additional floors, are connected by 6 podium levels offering total 1730 rooms, while the other two 4 star hotel towers comprising a ground floor and 32 additional floors connected by 10 podium levels offering in total 806 rooms.

IKEA Distribution Centre, Dubai

IKEA Group has announced a new regional distribution centre at Dubai World Central (DWC) as the company continues to expand its retail operations in the GCC. This will be the group's largest distribution centre in the Middle East.

The Boulevard Mall, Qatar

The Boulevard Mall will have a total built-up area of approximately 182,000 square meters (2.0 million square feet) and will include a hypermarket, cinema and family entertainment center.

Homesteading is a term used for the 'back to the land movement', 'self reliant living', 'self-sufficiency', 'back to basics', or the 'simple life'.

This type of 'Country Living' includes rural residents, hobby farmers, suburban gardeners, as well as folks living in cities who are doing what they can to decrease their dependence on the system by gardening, home canning, using renewable energy or having long term food storage.

Community gardens are growing in popularity in every major city in the U. S. More alternative energy systems are found in the suburbs than anywhere else. Self-reliant living means developing skills to provide for basic needs; whether to save money, for emergency preparedness, to insure quality, or so we can stop supporting unethical and destructive industries.

Self-Reliance is the ultimate pursuit of freedom. We strongly encourage gardening, livestock and home food preservation. We promote the use of alternative energy systems in applicable situations. And we believe in being prepared for trying times with stored food, and emergency medical supplies. Being self-sufficient is far more enjoyable than basic survival.

We believe business goes where it is cordially invited and abides where it is well treated. On this basis, we strive for your satisfaction and solicit your feedback.

China 中国総代理人

Shanghai Ximatz International Trade Co. Ltd. Suite 3A, AILE MANSION 631 Lingling Road Shanghai 200030, P. R. of China Contact: Mr. Haohai Zhang Tel: 86-21-64810582 Fax: 86-21-64863986 e-mail: ximatzc@aliyun. com

South East

Dick Tan 46, Jalan BU 2/2 Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia 47800 Mobile: +6012-211-7613 Phone: +603-77282613 e-mail: Tandick@gmail. com

Brunei

Chow Sing Service Centre No. 5743 Light Industrial Area Kuala Belait 6001, Brunei Contact: Jennifer Pak Tel: 673-3-336001 Fax: 673-3-333410 e-mail: chowsing@brunet. bn

Hong Kong

Preseli Engineering Supplies Ltd. Flat 11, 8/F, profit Industrial Building Kwai Fong, N. T. Hong Kong Contact: Mr. Peter Perowne Tel: 8522-4236378 Fax: 8522-4872790 e-mail: peter@preseli. com. hk

India

Stg Heating Pvt Ltd S-T Group Off T J Road, hirji baug Sewri West Mumbai 400015 India Tel: 912224184009 Fax: 912224175858 e-mail: ajay@s-tgroup. com

Indonesia

PT. Triguna M. I. Jl. Supratman 92 Bandung - 40122 Indonesia Contact: Mr. Ruliff Susanto Tel: +62-22-720-8204 Fax: +62-22-720-1494 e-mail: info@draysco. com

Malasia

Borneon Corporation SDN BHD No. 60-61, Pusat Tanahwan Jalan Pedada, 96000 Sibu Sarawak, Malaysia Contact: Mr. Hii Khing Nang Tel: 6084-337722 Fax: 6084-318021 e-mail: Borneon1@Streamyx. com

Phillipines

Dexterton Corporation 157 Sgt. E. Rivera Street Quezon City, Metro Manila 1115 Philippines Contact: Mr. Simpson Ong / Evelyn Chan Tel: 63-2-3616006 Fax: 63-2-361-6940 e-mail: dexterton@dexterton. com | dexterton@hotmail. com

Singapur

Hova (Far East) Pte. Ltd. 10 Admiralty Street #06-49 North Link Building Singapore 757695 Contact: Mr. S. M. Koh Tel: 65-68533633 Fax: 65-65696542 e-mil: hovafe@singnet. com. sg

Taiwán

Waibel Enterprise, Inc. 6/F, 15 Chine Kuo North Road, Sec. 2 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O.C. Contact: Mr. Owen Chiou Tel: 886-2-25062181 Fax: 886-2-25060129 e-mail: waibel@seed. net. tw

Tailandia

Forbest Company Limited 898/24 Rama III Road, Bangpongpang Yannawa, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Contact: Mr. Chavala Tangyoopuwadol Tel: 66-2682-5381 Fax: 66-2682-5380 e-mail: info@forbest. co. th

Mazuma (Thailand) Co. LTD. 747/96 Bangkok-Nonthaburi Rd. Bangsue Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand Contact: Project Sale Department Tel: 66-20-111-999 Fax: 66-20-111-900 Email: info@mazuma. co. th

Costa Rica

STRONG COSTA RICA Del Banco Nacional 200 Mts. al Este y 175 Mts. al Sur Ofibodegas Milano, Bodega B5,Calle Potrerillos, San Rafael, Alajuela, Costa Rica Contact: Manrique Gutierrez and Orlando Fonseca Tel: (506) 2589-5050 Fax: (506) 2293-0058 e-mail: mgutierrez@sica. co. cr or ofonseca@sica. co. cr

Servex Internacional S. A. Avenida 1, Calle 29 y 33, No. 3102 San Jose, Costa Rica Contact: Mr. Carlos Bravo Tel: 506-253-1152 Fax: 506-224-8437 e-mail: servex@racsa. co. cr

Honduras

STRONG HONDURAS 8 y 9 calle 16 Ave. S. O. Barrio Suyapa, Local 1C, Edificio Mangos, San Pedro Sula, Honduras Tegucigalpa, Honduras Contact: Gustavo Romero Tel: (504) 2510-0833 Fax: (504) 2510-0797 Cell: (504) 9978-5509 e-mail: gromero@sica. co. cr

Equipos y Controles S. A. 4A Ave 6A Calle Coamyaguela Tegucigalpa, Honduras Contact: Mr. Gerardo Rishmawy Tel: 504-221-4045 Fax: 504-236-8127

Panamá

STRONG PANAMA Avenida Balboa y Calle Aquilino de La Guardia, Edificio Galerías Balboa, Segundo Piso, Oficinas #38, Ciudad Panamá, Panamá Contact: Laureano Jaramillo and Carmen Carrasco Tel: (507) 263-4612 Fax: (507) 263-8554 Cell: (507) 6674-9671 (Laureano) e-mail: ljaramillo@sica. co. cr. ccarrasco@sica. co. cr

Rodelag, S. A. Apartado 11604 Panama 6, Rep. De Panama Contact: Mr. Bienvenido Cardenas Tel: 507-236-2333 Fax: 507-236-2656 e-mail: compras1@rodelag. com

Guatemala

STRONG GUATEMALA 6ta calle 3-37 Zona 1 Ciudad de Guatemala Contact: Jose Roberto Matheu, Erick Garcia and Vilma Solórzano Tel: (502) 2220-3508 Fax: (502) 2220-3508 Cellular: (502) 5715-6356 (Jose), (502) 3013-8058 (Erick) Email: jrmatheu@sica. co. cr. egarcia@sica. co. cr. guatemala@sica. co. cr (Vilma)

Nicaragua

STRONG NICARAGUA Km 9 carretera nueva a León, 1.8 Km al Oeste Residencial San Andrés casa M-14, Managua, Nicaragua Contact: Erick Gómez Tel: (505) 8791-3271 Fax: (505) 2220-3489 Cellular: (505) 8822-3336 Email: jrmatheu@sica. co. cr

El Salvador

STRONG EL SALVADOR Complejo Industrial Santa Elena, Calle Chaparrastique, Lote #3, Edificio Construtec, Santa Élena, La Libertad, El Salvador Contact: Walter Medina Tel: (503) 2278-9089 Cellular: (503) 7854-0003 Email: wmedina@sica. co. cr

Kangen Alkaline Water

There are various types of water in the world, however we proudly assure that Kangen Water™ is unique and truly beneficial for your body. We hope that you can improve your health with Kangen Water™. You can maintain a healthy lifestyle utilizing all five of our waters described below.

True Health is not only maintained through the water we consume but with all the water we use in our daily lives. water for drinking, cooking, personal care, general cleansing and sanitation. We invite you to join our happy human network of True Health and experience the many uses of Kangen Water.

Our goal is always to achieve optimal True Health. The purpose of Kangen Water is to activate cells. It is now accepted that active oxygen is a cause of many illnesses and Kangen Water offers immediate benefits by removing unnecessary active oxygen from one's system because of its strong oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Most supermarket waters have a positive ORP while Kangen Water has a negative ORP. This is the type of water that offers True Health benefits!

Here is a quick description of our 5 waters:

Clean Water (TM) (pH of 7) - Effectively filters water by reducing unpleasant chlorine odors, lead, rust and other impurities. Especially recommended for use with medicines, supplements and the preparation of baby formula.

Kangen Water (TM) (pH 8.0 - 9.5) - Effects a significant reduction in oxidization. Therefore, providing healthy water that is great for drinking, for preparing tea and other healthy drinks and for cooking.

Strong Kangen Water (TM) (pH 11 and up) - Has a slightly higher pH than regular Kangen Water and is important for many uses. It is ideal for washing vegetables, meat and fish. It is also used for general cleaning of stove tops, cutting boards, knives and dishes; good for cleaning bathrooms and removing stubborn stains.

Acidic Water (pH 5.5 - 6.5) - Is used for enhanced health of one's skin; use in place of lotion. It tones and firms the skin while performing as an astringent. It is a natural beauty product.

Strong Acidic Water (pH 2.7 or less) - Is great for sanitation. washing hands, sterilizing kitchen-ware; use in restaurants, hospitals and other institutional type facilities.

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CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT

PRE-TREATMENT / FILTRATION

WASTEWATER & REUSE

Throughout Integra’s successful 20+ years servicing the water treatment industry through chemical water treatment, the company naturally progressed into all aspects of the water treatment cycle, including WasteWater and Re-use.

A team of specialty staff, including engineers and chemists, head the wastewater division and manage a number of large scale plants and sites nationally.

CLEANING & HYGIENE SOLUTION

Integra has built a comprehensive offering of cleaning and hygiene solutions since commencing the division in 2009.

Solucare – this group of products for food service and property maintenance epitomises the new age of chemical dilution, distribution and disposal.

Solukleen – Focuses on the traditional Food and Beverage market where larger volumes are required. This range also incorporates laundry.

Twin oxide – A new age delivery method of chlorine dioxide that has had great success across the world.

Welcome to Integra

Integra provides services and solutions for all aspects of water, from traditional chemical treatment through to waste water and reuse, packaged membrane filtration plants, as well as the production of specialised cleaning chemicals.

As a national business, Integra is well positioned to meet the growing needs of our customers and prospective clients. With offices in each state across Australia and regional offices in Mildura, Gippsland and Wagga, our specialised team can provide services to any corner of Australia.

Integra provides traditional cooling and heating water treatment services and products to more than 2500 clients around Australia. With manufacturing facilities in Sydney, Adelaide and Victoria, we can provide tailored solutions from beginning to end.

Integra Water continues to be at the forefront of innovation, both in the development of new services and practices, as well as the creation of new water treatment products to serve the industrial and commercial sectors. Integra is now arguably ‘the most diverse water treatment company in Australia’.

Due to the growth of integra in recent years, our field of expertise has expanded too, bringing a wealth of knowledge and skills within additional fields; such as Pre-treatment / Filtration, Waste Water and Re-use and Cleaning and Hygiene Solutions.

Our specialised teams are bringing the latest technology and processes such as;

ReverseOsmosis - Desalination - Membrane Bio-reactors - Seawater Fouling Treatment - Twin Oxide Sanitisation - Web-based Dosing and Control

Integra also produces an extensive range of industrial and commercial grade chemicals, including degreasers, sanitisers, cleaners and detergents. Our comprehensive range of high quality cleaning and sanitation products are complimented by our informed advice on dispensing options, hygiene audits and product and safety training programs.

Our broad spectrum of knowledge and skills allow us to take a holistic approach to managing water and hygiene within your business.

ÚLTIMAS NOTICIAS

Welcome to our new site. Lee mas

Welcome to US Centrifuge Systems, LLC

US Centrifuge Systems is the oldest American industrial centrifuge manufacturer and engineering company who specializes in liquid-liquid and liquid-solid centrifuge separation technology, solids dewatering, and centrifuge liquid filtration and fluid clarification systems technology with more performance enhancing design features than any other manufacturer. US Centrifuge Systems logged over 700,000 man-hours of labor in 2010 with a proactive team of experts comprised of experienced engineering and industrial professionals centered on customer-focused industrial solutions. View accreditations .

Patented technology from US Centrifuge Systems removes solids at sub-micron levels and generates forces up to 7,500 times greater than gravity, making US Centrifuge Systems machines the most available, dependable and reliable in the world:

Superior separation techniques are applied to the most demanding worldwide industries and are due in large part to the two decades of industrial centrifuge. manufacturing and engineering experience gained only at US Centrifuge Systems. View industrial applications .

Quienes somos

Founded in 1992, US Centrifuge Systems was created when a core group of equipment engineers began designing and building American-made centrifuges with more advanced technology and greater processing performances than what was commercially available. Innovation continues to be emphasized, and leads the company to the forefront of industrial centrifuges. manufacturing and engineering. US Centrifuge Systems is a bigger, better one-stop industrial solutions shop fully centered on solutions that optimize performance for worldwide industrial companies, and known for solutions-driven treatment and determination to keep production on course for all customers.

What We Do

US Centrifuge Systems utilizes specific system design and technology for a full-range of industrial applications that require liquid-liquid and liquid-solid centrifuge separation technology, solids dewatering, and centrifuge liquid filtration and fluid clarification. Cutting-edge engineering technology and traditional craftsmanship are blended into networks of equipment and services provided by US Centrifuge Systems. View case studies .

Customers are given a full selection of centrifuge machines built from US Centrifuge Systems as well as the full exclusive distribution of some of the best brands form across the world, including heavy-duty decanter centrifuges and refurbished decanter centrifuges from Centriquip.

Why We Work

US Centrifuge Systems exists to give industries more advanced liquid-liquid and liquid-solid centrifuge separation technology, solids dewatering, and centrifuge liquid filtration and fluid clarification system technology that create solutions to minimize waste volume, meet government disposal regulations and increase overall processing performances. US Centrifuge Systems has endless resources to build customized centrifuge systems and manufacture industrial equipment to meet unique needs of specific industrial applications. View parts and services .

How We Work

US Centrifuge Systems combines the best centrifuge systems for customers with a focus on finding and innovating the best centrifuge solutions. We guarantee loyal customer service. Contact US Centrifuge Systems .

US Centrifuge Systems performs industrial application sample tests to establish an advanced understanding of the unique application from customers, thus determining the correct centrifuge system design and capacity. Technical engineers at US Centrifuge Systems are able to design, develop and construct appropriate centrifuge systems for nearly all industrial applications in the world. US Centrifuge Systems provides dozens of standard centrifuge models built at its Indianapolis facility, along with a superior selection of other top brands, customized centrifuge systems. and all necessary manufacturing and engineering services .

Upon receiving industrial application process information from customers, US Centrifuge Systems provides a quote of all estimated project costs within 72 hours. Applications sample testing. evaluation of the centrifuge site and runtime of the centrifuge are considered with every project, and a Solutions Engineer is with the customer every step of the way to guarantee complete and loyal customer satisfaction. Contact US Centrifuge Systems .

US Centrifuge Systems works with each customer to meet project deadlines and budgets. An average centrifuge assembly requires 8 to 10 weeks to finish. View case studies .

Where We Operate

All engineering. manufacturing. service and sales operations are located under one roof at the US Centrifuge Systems headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana. Contact US Centrifuge Systems .

Creeks in Alabama

Steven C. Hahn, St. Olaf College

A confederacy of a number of cultural groups, the Creeks, now known as the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, played a pivotal role in the early colonial and Revolutionary-era history of North America. In 1775 author and trader James Adair described the Creek Indians as "more powerful than any nation" in the American South. Despite the fact that they served as able political and economic partners of the colonial and early U. S. government, the Creeks suffered the same fate as their fellow southeastern tribes, and many of them were forced from their lands in the 1830s. Creek culture is kept alive in Alabama among the Poarch Creek Band of Escambia County.

Mississippian Pottery The Creek Indians, along with other southeastern tribes such as the Choctaw and Cherokee. are descended from the peoples of the Mississippian period (ca. AD 800-1500), known for its giant earthen mounds and complex, hierarchical social structure. In the sixteenth century, the arrival of Europeans brought epidemics and widespread warfare and violence to the Southeast, resulting in the scattering of the region's indigenous peoples. Beginning in the seventeenth century, these diverse populations joined together and established settlements along the central Chattahoochee River, the lower Tallapoosa River, and the central Coosa River in what is now east-central Alabama. For the next two centuries, these areas served as the heart of what came to be called Creek country, and these new towns ( talwa in the Muskogean language of the Creeks)—devoid of the earthen platform mounds that typified Mississippian villages—became the centers of Creek political and ceremonial life, and defined the political identity of each Creek individual.

As a political unit, the Creek Nation grew gradually during the century and one half prior to their removal from Alabama in the 1830s to meet the need for common action against European invaders and Indian enemies. From as few as perhaps 9,000 persons in the 1680s, the Creek population increased to about 20,000 by the time of the American Revolution and exceeded 21,000 at the time of Removal. Muskogee - and Hitchiti-speaking peoples from the main Creek towns made up the major portion of the population. However, the Creek nation was multiethnic and included Indian peoples from Spanish missions in Georgia and Florida as well as Yuchi. Shawnee, Chickasaw. and Natchez refugees, who fled to Creek country to escape intertribal warfare and conflicts with French and Spanish colonists.

Engraving of Creek Town Layout Though the numbers fluctuated over time, the Creek nation was generally comprised of between 30 and 60 towns ( talwa) . with each group primarily identifying itself with the major town in its region. Thus national unity was often hard to come by in Creek country, given the independence of each town and the multiethnic composition of the nation. In fact, the name "Creek" was a term English traders first used as a convenient way to label the people of various Creek towns. The Creeks themselves tended to view their nation as a confederacy consisting of three distinct provincial groups: the Ochese or Coweta of the Chattahoochee River basin, the Tallapoosa of the lower Tallapoosa River, and the Abeika of the upper Tallapoosa and Coosa rivers. The British and Americans, however, tended to refer to the first group as the "Lower Creeks" and the latter two groups together as the "Upper Creeks."

The Creek people applied kinship terminology to designate each town's relationship to others, based upon the perceived age of a town or size of its population. The Creeks regarded older towns, for instance, as "grandmother" towns, whereas newer towns often carried the designation of "daughter" or "grandchild" towns. The Creeks also divided their nation into "war" and "peace" towns, represented by the colors red (meaning war) and white (meaning peace). In diplomacy and warfare, the groups represented by each town could act as independent units, as each was comprised of a dual hierarchy of civil and military offices. However, the Creek peoples recognized some groups and their towns as particularly influential in national affairs. Creek oral tradition describes the Coweta, Cusseta, Tuckabatchee, and Abeika as the four "foundation" groups of the nation. The Coweta and Cusseta, according to Creek histories, were closely related and exercised great influence among the Creeks of the Chattahoochee River. Leaders of towns among the Tuckabatchee, Okchai, Okfuskee, Talassee, and Abeika tended to dominate political affairs among the Creeks of east-central Alabama.

The Creeks are culturally and linguistically related to other southeastern Indian tribes, particularly Muskogean-speaking peoples such as the Choctaw and Chickasaw. Like their Indian neighbors, the Creeks were horticulturalists who grew corn and several other crops, supplemented by seasonal hunting for white-tailed deer and other game animals. The Creek busk ceremony, or poskita (in Muskogee, "to fast"), shares many aspects of the Green Corn Ceremony practiced throughout the Southeast. It was the centerpiece of the yearly cycle of rituals that occurred in mid-summer and generally involved four to eight days of fasting, dancing, and (at the end of the ceremony) feasting. During poskita ceremonies, the elders reminded the young of their responsibilities to the tribe. The chiefs pardoned people who committed offenses against other members of the tribe. Quite often it was the time when war and civil leaders received new offices and new names to reflect their change in status. The emphasis of the poskita ritual was group harmony.

Contact with Colonists

Benjamin Hawkins and the Creek Indians Creek contact with European colonists was intermittent at first and largely occurred through trade and diplomacy with Spanish Florida. Their involvement with colonial powers became more pronounced by the middle of the 1680s, when traders from South Carolina began venturing directly to Creek villages. A brisk trade ensued, and colonial traders exchanged cloth, guns, and steel tools for deerskins and, notably, Indian slaves taken in warfare from other tribes. In 1690, in order to facilitate trade with the South Carolinians, the Chattahoochee towns and allies from among the Tallapoosas and elsewhere moved and relocated their towns on the Ocmulgee and Oconee Rivers in central Georgia. At one such town—Ocmulgee—English traders built a permanent trading post that has been the subject of archaeological investigation. Its remains are contained within the Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon, Georgia.

The years that the Creeks spent in central Georgia (ca. 1690–1715) proved to be pivotal ones. Because of their ties to South Carolina traders, they became deeply immersed in the trade in deerskins and Indian slaves, as well as the conflicts with Britain's imperial rivals, Spain and France. Creek war parties played an important role in destroying Spanish Indian missions along the Georgia coast and in the Florida mission provinces among the Timucuas and Apalachees. whom the Creeks often enslaved or sold as slaves to the South Carolinians. Having brought Spanish Florida to near ruin by 1706, the Creeks began seeking slaves in such far-off places as the Florida Keys and the Choctaw settlements of Mississippi. English officials compelled Creek war parties to assist in their wars against Spanish and French outposts (Queen Anne's War, 1702–13) and against the rebellious Tuscarora tribe of North Carolina (Tuscarora War, 1711–12). By 1715, the Creeks and other Indian nations found that their formerly beneficial relationship with South Carolina had ensnared them in a cycle of debt and warfare that compromised their economic well-being, if not their cultural and territorial integrity.

Strategy for Wartime

Creek Warrior Sketch The Yamasee War of 1715 ushered in a new diplomatic era in Creek history. On Good Friday (April 15, 1715), the Yamasees, Creeks, and other allies launched a war against South Carolina, while at the same time seeking new alliances with the Spanish and French. By the end of the war the Creeks had settled upon a strategy by which they pledged to remain neutral in times of war between the three European powers. Established at a meeting in the Lower Creek town of Coweta in March 1718, and devised by that town's chief, known to the English as the "Emperor" Brim . the policy of neutrality increased their political leverage by enabling them to defend their ancestral territory by "playing off" one European power against another. Creek leaders, for example, welcomed the French and allowed them to build Ft. Toulouse at a location near Wetumpka. Alabama, while at the same time they maintained their economic relationship to traders in South Carolina and, later, Georgia. Neutrality became the distinguishing characteristic of Creek diplomacy for the remainder of the colonial era. Their neutral status, though precarious at times, enabled the Creeks to trade with Europeans with little disruption and may account for Creek population growth before the American Revolution.

The revolution, which played an integral role in stimulating the westward movement of Anglo-American settlers in the decades that followed, brought about revolutionary developments for the Creeks as well. At that time, the most influential Creek leader was Alexander McGillivray. the son of a Scottish trader and Creek mother. McGillivray was instrumental in encouraging cooperation among the various Creek towns and courting the assistance of the Spanish in Florida to help the Creeks defend their land against the Americans. But U. S. government pressure proved too much to bear, and the Creeks ceded their remaining Georgia lands in treaties negotiated in 1790. 1802, and 1805. The Creek economy likewise began to bear stronger resemblance to the plantation economies of the Lower South, as many Creeks (often the bi-cultural sons of Scottish fathers and Creek mothers) began introducing cotton and slavery into the region.

In an effort to assimilate southeastern Indians, the U. S. government enacted its plan of civilization, as the effort became known, in 1796 and placed Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins in charge. Under the plan, the Creeks and other southeastern tribes were to receive instruction in commercial farming, animal husbandry, cloth spinning, and the principles of Christianity. Hawkins also attempted to centralize the Creek government by creating a police force, a Creek National Council and by encouraging the creation of written laws.

William McIntosh Many Creeks accepted, if not embraced, the new order of things. Creek leaders such as William McIntosh of the Coweta and Big Warrior of the Tuckabatchee benefited from the new economy and became close allies with Hawkins and other U. S. agents. Creek traditionalists, in contrast, became increasingly defensive of their sovereignty and culture. Their concerns reached new heights after white settlers began pouring into Alabama Territory along the newly constructed Federal Road. which connected Fort Mitchell. in present-day Russell County. with Mobile. In 1813, a group of warriors belonging to this traditionalist group, inspired by local "prophets" such as Josiah Francis (Creek name, Hilis Hadjo ) and the pan-Indian, nativist movement founded by Shawnee warrior Tecumseh (who himself visited the Creeks in 1811), began fighting back. The Creek War. also known as the Red Stick Revolt after the red war clubs carried by the Creek fighters, was partly a war against the U. S. government and partly an internal war between rival Creek factions led by Francis and Big Warrior. After scoring early victories at places such as Ft. Mims. the Red Stick Creeks, led by Menawa. were ultimately defeated by U. S. forces, led by General Andrew Jackson, and their Creek and Cherokee allies at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814). In the subsequent Treaty of Ft. Jackson (1814) and Treaty of Indian Springs (1825), the Creeks ceded all of their remaining lands in Georgia, causing the nation to relocate entirely into Alabama. Only a small faction of Creek leaders, led by William McIntosh, signed the Indian Springs treaty, and many Creeks thus viewed it as fraudulent. Under Creek law, McIntosh's action was punishable by death, and the Creek National Council shortly thereafter executed McIntosh and three others who had signed the treaty.

Opothle Yoholo In 1830, the federal government passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the eventual removal of all the southeastern tribes to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Although a few Creek leaders embraced removal as a means of self-preservation, the vast majority of Creeks opposed abandoning their ancestral homelands. White squatters continued to infiltrate the Creeks' remaining homelands in Alabama, and the state government asserted its sovereignty in 1831 by extending its laws to unceded Creek territories. Creek leaders sent a delegation, headed by Tuckabatchee leader Opothle Yoholo. to Washington to defend their treaty rights and issue complaints against such actions, which authorities in Washington had done nothing to address. While in Washington, the delegation sensed the futility of their attempts to avert removal and on March 24, 1832, Creek delegates agreed to the Treaty of Cusseta. which set forth the conditions of their removal. On paper, the treaty included several incentives, such as land grants for leading chiefs and the promise of protection from white intruders, which might have encouraged a sizable number of Creeks to stay in Alabama or, at the very least, allow them to make advance preparations for removal. But the defeat of an attempted Creek rebellion in the Second Creek War brought immediate forced removal by the U. S. government to the Creek Nation. Opothle Yoholo led several thousand of his followers out west after a failed attempt at purchasing land in Mexico. A year later, 5,000 more Creeks departed. A few who accepted land allotments or evaded removal stayed behind. Some of their descendants have unified as the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, headquartered in Atmore, Alabama.

The majority of the Poarch Band's 2,340 members live in Escambia County, Alabama, on a 230-acre reservation. They are the only federally recognized Indian tribe in Alabama and operate as a sovereign nation with their own system of government and bylaws. Long ignored, impoverished, and subjected to the "separate but equal" provisions of Jim Crow laws, the Poarch Band now operates three gaming facilities in Alabama. In partnership with the state of Alabama, the Poarch Band of Creek Indians contributes to economic and cultural life of its members and the surrounding communities.

Braund, Kathryn E. Holland. Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade With Anglo-America, 1685–1815. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.

Green, Michael D. The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.

Hahn, Steven C. The Invention of the Creek Nation, 1670–1763 . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.

Martin, Joel. Sacred Revolt: The Muscogees' Struggle for a New World . Boston: Beacon Press, 1991.

Piker, Josh. Okfuskee: A Creek Indian Town in Colonial America . Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 2004.

Saunt, Claudio. A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733–1816. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Published: March 8, 2007 | Last updated: December 18, 2015

www. greeneswaterwells. com

•developing of minerals;

or which causes the movement of water from or into any aquifer or subsurface strata; and shall include engineering and geologic boreholes.

12-5-123. Creation of Council; membership; chair; reuniones; majority vote; quorum; director; self-governance; reimbursement for expenses; Attorney General to provide legal services

(a) The State Water Well Standards Advisory Council is created. The council shall be composed of the following:

(1) A member appointed by the Governor from the public at large . who shall not be in any way connected with the well drilling industry. The member representing the public on July 1, 1985, shall continue to serve in this position from July 1, 1985, to July 1, 1986;

(2) A member appointed by the commissioner of natural resources;

(3) A member appointed by the Governor representing the farming industry;

(4) Four members representing the water well drilling industry appointed by the Governor. The members who are water well drillers serving on July 1, 1985, shall continue to serve in these positions from July 1, 1985, to July 1, 1986; y

(5) A member appointed by the Governor who is a registered professional geologist or registered professional engineer .

(b) Each member shall be appointed for a term of three years, and the Governor shall fill any vacancy in the council, except for the member appointed by the commissioner of natural resources, with each successor appointed in the same manner as his predecessor.

(c) At the first meeting of the council held in each calendar year, the council shall elect a chairperson who shall serve for one year, adopt rules of procedure, and develop a work plan. The chairperson may be reelected in subsequent years by the council. A vacancy in the position of chairperson shall be filled by vote of the council.

(d) The council shall meet at such times and at such designated places as it may determine but shall hold at least two regular meetings each year. An affirmative vote of a majority of the members present shall be necessary to transact business. Four members shall constitute a quorum.

(e) The director or his designee shall be the secretary of the council and, in addition to his duties as prescribed by law, shall perform such other administrative duties as may be prescribed by the council. Except as provided in this part, the council shall provide by rule and regulation for its own government. Members of the council shall serve without compensation but shall receive the same expense allowance as that received by members of the General Assembly and the same mileage allowance for the use of a personal car as that received by all other state officials and employees or a travel allowance of actual transportation cost if traveling by public carrier within the state. Any councilmember shall also be reimbursed for any conference or meeting registration fee incurred in the performance of his duties as a councilmember. For each day's service outside of the state as a councilmember, such member shall receive actual expenses as an expense allowance as well as the same mileage allowance for the use of a personal car as that received by other state officials and employees or a travel allowance of actual transportation cost if traveling by public carrier or by rental motor vehicle. Expense vouchers submitted by members of the council are subject to approval of the director or his designee.

(f) The Attorney General shall provide legal services for the council.

12-5-124. Powers and Duties of the Council

In carrying out this part, the council shall have the following powers and duties:

(1) To adopt and amend rules and regulations which may be reasonably necessary to govern the licensing of water well contractors and the regulation of proceedings before the council. The council and all of its rules, regulations, and procedures are subject to and shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act";

(2) To pay into the state treasury all fees and moneys received by it;

(3) To adopt and have an official seal;

(4) To set the amount of all fees required by this part;

(5) To license water well contractors and water well contractor trainees;

(6) To review the effect and practicality of standards set up in this part and recommend to the General Assembly adjustments and changes to achieve the purposes of this part;

(7) To review and recommend to the General Assembly any legislation which would improve the quality of relations between the water well drilling industry and the public; y

(8) To conduct hearings and institute and prosecute court actions as may be necessary to enforce compliance with any provisions of this part and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to this part that relate to water wells.

12-5-125. License requirement; drilling under direction of professional geologist or engineer

Except as provided in subsection (f) of Code Section 12-5-127, no person shall drill a water well without first having a water well contractor's license issued by the council. No person, including licensed water well contractors, shall drill any other kind of well, borehole, or corehole unless such person is acting under the direction of a professional geologist or a professional engineer.

12-5-126. Director as administrative agent; administrative duties of division; orders, notices, and processes.

(a) The director or his designee shall act as the administrative agent for the council.

(b) The division shall have the duty to bring together and keep all records of the council; to receive all applications for licenses; to schedule a time and place for examinations, with the consent of the council; to schedule a time and place for all hearings; to issue certificates upon authority of the council; and to collect all fees and to remit them to the state treasury.

(c) All orders and processes of the council shall be signed and attested by the director or his designee, and any notice or legal process necessary to be served upon the council may be served upon the director.

12-5-127.Licensing of water well contractors generally; applications for trainee licenses

(a) Any person desiring to engage in the business of water well construction in this state shall apply to the council for a license as a water well contractor. All such applications shall be made on forms provided by the division and shall be accompanied by a fee to be prescribed by the council.

(b) An applicant for a license as a water well contractor shall be required to

•have two years' experience working in the water well construction business under a licensed water well contractor and

•shall be required to pass an examination administered by the council. The examination may be written, oral, or practical work, or any combination of the three. The examination shall relate to the applicant's knowledge of basic ground water, basic well construction, and the general contents of this part.

(c) Satisfactory proof of two years' experience in the water well construction business shall be made by presenting certified affidavits from one or more licensed water well contractors that the applicant has had at least two years of full-time water well construction experience. If the required experience was obtained under two or more licensed water well contractors, then a certified affidavit specifying exact dates of such experience shall be required from each licensed contractor. In lieu of the method described above, an applicant may present other proof satisfactory to the council of two years' experience constructing water wells.

(d) Any person wishing to engage in the water well construction business shall designate himself or at least one partner, officer, or full-time employee to fulfill the above requirements. If the requirements are satisfactorily fulfilled, the person shall be granted a license under this part, and such license shall cover water well construction activities for which the person is responsible and so licensed. The partners, officers, and employees of the person shall be allowed to engage in the activities covered by the license if the individual who fulfilled the licensing requirements has performed or approved such activities and such approval is posted at the site of the activity on forms to be provided by the council for that purpose. Any such license shall be valid so long as the designated partner, officer, or full-time employee is associated with the licensee or until it otherwise expires.

(e) Reciprocity. The council, upon application, may issue an appropriate license to any person who holds a similar license in any state, territory, or possession of the United States, if the requirements for the license do not conflict with this part and are of a standard not less than that specified by this part and by rules and regulations promulgated under this part; provided, however, that such other state, territory, or possession grants similar reciprocity to license holders in this state.

(f) Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to require the registration of a person who constructs a well on his own or leased property intended for use only in a single-family house which is his permanent residence or intended for use only for farming purposes on his farm, which well produces less than 25,000 gallons per day, so long as the waters to be produced are not intended for use by the public or in any residence other than his own.

(g) The State of Georgia preempts the field of licensing water well contractors. Licenses issued by the council shall authorize bona fide holders thereof to engage in the business authorized by such licenses anywhere within the territorial limits of the state. No provision of this part shall be construed as prohibiting or preventing a municipality or county from fixing, charging, assessing, or collecting any business license fee, registration fee, tax, or gross receipt tax on any profession covered by this part or upon any related profession or anyone engaged in any related profession governed by this part.

(h) Any person desiring to engage in the business of water well construction and not meeting the requirements for licensing as a water well contractor may apply to the council for a license as a water well contractor trainee. An applicant for a trainee license shall be required to pass an examination approved by the council. The examination may be written or oral and shall relate to the applicant's knowledge of basic ground water and basic well construction. Upon satisfactory completion of at least two years' experience under the direct supervision of a licensed water well contractor, the trainee may apply for a license as a water well contractor and shall be required to pass an examination approved by the council.

(i)(1) Beginning July 1, 1995, the council shall be authorized to require persons seeking renewal of licenses under this Code section to complete continuing education of not more than four hours annually. The council may provide courses and shall approve such courses offered by the division, institutions of higher learning, vocational-technical schools, and trade, technical, or professional organizations; provided, however, that continuing education courses or programs related to water well construction or standards provided or conducted by public utilities, equipment manufacturers, or institutions under the State Board of Technical and Adult Education shall constitute acceptable continuing professional education programs for the purposes of this subsection. Continuing education courses or programs shall be in the areas of safety, environmental protection, ground-water geology, technological advances, business management, or government regulation. Continuing education courses shall be designed for water well contractors having variable educational backgrounds. Courses or programs conducted by manufacturers specifically to promote their products shall not be approved.

(2) All provisions of this subsection relating to continuing professional education shall be administered by the council.

(3) The council shall be authorized to waive the continuing education requirements in cases of hardship, disability, or illness or under such other circumstances as the council deems appropriate.

(4) This Code section shall apply to each licensing and renewal cycle which begins after the 1993-1994 renewal.

12-5-128. Contents of license; monitor

(a) The licenses granted under Code Section 12-5-127 shall contain the name of the contractor, date of issuance, expiration date, license number, and the official designation or symbol of the council, together with the signatures of the council chairman and the chief administrative officer of the council. This license shall be displayed in a conspicuous place at the operator's principal place of business.

(b) All rigs and commercial vehicles used by water well contractors in well construction operations shall prominently display on each rig or vehicle

•the name of the contractor

•and shall likewise display the appropriate water well contractor's license number.

12-5-129. Suspension and revocation of licenses; hearings reissuance of revoked licenses; injunction; cessation of well operation; seizure of equipment.

(a) The council shall suspend or revoke a license upon a finding of one or more of the following grounds:

(1) Material misstatement in the application for license;

(2) Willful disregard or violation of Code Section 12-5-133 or any law of the State of Georgia relating to wells, including any violation of standards or rules adopted pursuant to this part;

(3) Willfully aiding or abetting another in the violation of Code Section 12-5-133 or any law of the State of Georgia relating to wells;

(4) Incompetency in the performance of the work of a water well contractor;

(5) Making substantial misrepresentations or false promises in connection with the occupation of a water well contractor; y

(6) Failure to provide and maintain on file at all times with the director a performance bond or irrevocable letter of credit as required by Code Section 12-5-135.

(b) The council shall have power and authority to hear and determine all complaints of violations of this part and the regulations pursuant thereto, filed with the council by any interested party, after first giving the person against whom the complaint is filed at least ten days' written notice of the time and place of hearing, together with a copy of the complaint filed against such person. Hearings will be conducted according to Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act." If, upon the hearing, the council deems such complaint meritorious, the council may, in its discretion, suspend or revoke the license of the person against whom the complaint is filed or may allow the person a reasonable time in which to meet and correct the complaint of the objecting party. Suspensions or revocations of licenses shall be conducted according to Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act."

(c) The council, by majority vote of the quorum, may reissue a license to any person whose license has been revoked upon written application to the council by the applicant, showing good cause to justify the reissuance.

(d) Whenever it shall appear to the council that any person is or has been violating any provisions of this part or any of the lawful rules, regulations, or orders of the council, the council or the appropriate district attorney may file a petition for injunction in the appropriate superior court of this state against such person, for the purpose of enjoining any such violation. It shall not be necessary to allege or prove that there is no adequate remedy at law. The right of injunction provided for in this Code section shall be in addition to any other legal remedy which the council has and shall be in addition to any right of criminal prosecution provided by law.

(e) The director shall be authorized to order the cessation of operation of any well operated in violation of this part and the seizure of all drilling equipment used in such drilling operation; provided, however, that the operator of any such drilling operation shall be afforded a hearing before the administrative law judge of the Department of Natural Resources on such order of the director within 48 hours.

12-5-130. Expiration and renewal of licenses; replacement of lost, destroyed, or mutilated licenses

All licenses expire biennially. All applications for renewal shall be filed with the division prior to the expiration date, accompanied by a renewal fee prescribed by the council. A license which has expired for failure to renew may be restored only after application and payment of the prescribed restoration fee. A new license to replace any license lost, destroyed, or mutilated may be issued, subject to the rules of the council and payment of a fee set by the council.

12-5-131. Notifying contractors of changes in rules and regulations

The council may from time to time amend its rules and regulations governing water well contractors. The council will notify each water well contractor on the official list of licensed water well contractors of any changes in the rules and regulations prior to the effective date of the changes. This notification or lack thereof will in no way affect the effective date of the changes in the rules and regulations.

12-5-132. Effect of part

(a) Nothing in this part shall affect oil and gas drilling operations covered by Part 2 of Article 2 of Chapter 4 of this title.

(b) Nothing in this part shall affect the regulation of ground-water use by the division pursuant to Part 2 of this article.

12-5-133.Penalty; confiscation of equipment

Any person who engages in or follows the business or occupation of, or advertises, holds himself out, or acts, temporarily or otherwise, as a water well contractor without having first secured the required license or renewal thereof or any person who otherwise violates any provisions of this part shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $100.00 and not more than $1,000.00. Each day during which such violation exists or continues shall constitute a separate offense. In addition to or in lieu of any fine imposed for acting without the required license, any person violating any provision of this part may have his drilling rigs and commercial vehicles confiscated in accordance with Code Section 12-5-137.

12-5-134. Standards for wells and boreholes

The following standards shall apply to all wells and boreholes:

(1) In the case of individual and nonpublic water wells:

(A)(i) The well should be located as far removed, and in a direction opposite to the ground-water flow, from known or potential sources of pollutants as the general layout of the premises and surroundings permits; however, prior to actual construction, the water well contractor shall notify the county health department of the intent to drill a water well, providing such information as is required on forms prepared by the council. The well shall not be located in areas subject to flooding unless the well casing extends at least two feet above the level of the highest known flood of record. Except as otherwise provided in division (ii) of this subparagraph, all new wells must be located at least the following horizontal distances from the following structures:

(I) Not less than ten (10) feet from a sewer line ;

(II) Not less than 50 feet from a septic tank ;

(III) Not less than 100 feet from a septic tank absorption field ;

(IV) Not less than 150 feet from a cesspool or seepage pit ; y

(V) Not less than 100 feet from an animal or fowl enclosure .

(ii) Any property owner may apply to the health department for a variance of the distances cited in this subparagraph due to extenuating circumstances. The owner shall provide for the health department written information explaining the need for a variance. The health department, upon considering the information provided and any other information it deems necessary, may issue a variance;

(B) Every well shall be protected against surface runoff;

(C) Every well shall be located so it will be accessible for cleaning, treatment, repair, testing, inspection, and such other maintenance as may be necessary;

(D) Water-bearing formations that are or are likely to be polluted shall be sealed off;

(E) No material shall be used in the well that will result in the delivered water being hazardous, toxic, or having objectionable taste or odor;

(F) Materials that are to be a part of the permanent well shall be durable and sufficient to protect the well against structural deficiencies during and after the construction and against the entrance of pollutants during the expected life of the well;

(G) The casing and liner pipe joints shall be watertight to the point of maximum drawdown in bored or driven wells and the entire length of the casing in drilled wells;

(H) The alignment in a drilled well shall be such that the installation and operation of the pump will not be impaired;

(I) All drill cuttings and other materials shall be removed from the entire depth of the well and the well shall be disinfected;

(J) The upper terminal of the well shall be protected by a sanitary seal or cover to prevent entrance of pollutants to the well;

(K) Any existing abandoned well or borehole shall be filled, sealed, and plugged by the present owner;

(L) The drilling contractor shall maintain in his office and shall furnish the owner a copy of the well construction data within 30 days of the well completion. The data shall include: total depth of well, borehole diameter, casing depth, size and type of casing material, grouting information, static water level, pumping water level and yield if test pumped, confirmation of well disinfection and description of method used for disinfection, dates of well construction, name of contractor, and water well contractor's license number;

(M) A well having an open annular space between the casing and borehole shall be grouted and shall be filled with neat or sand-cement grout or other impervious material to prevent the entrance of pollutants or contaminants to the well. The following shall be considered minimum depths of seal below ground surface:

(i) Individual wells -- ten feet;

(ii) Nonpublic wells -- 25 feet in igneous or metamorphic rock; y

(iii) Nonpublic wells -- 50 feet in sedimentary rock.

For large diameter water wells cased with concrete pipe or other acceptable casing material, if the casing joints are not sealed, the annular space shall be grouted as specified above, and the annular space below the grout shall be filled with sand or gravel;

(N) All permanent casing, liners, and other manufactured material used in the well installation shall be new, unless otherwise approved in writing by the owner, and adequate to protect the well against entrance of pollutants or contaminants during the expected life of the well. The casing material shall be of steel, plastic, or concrete and meet nationally accepted standards for well casing. Sewer pipe shall not be used for individual or nonpublic water supply wells;

(O) The well screen, when used, shall be of a standard design and manufactured specifically for the purpose of the well construction, shall be of a strength to satisfactorily withstand chemical and physical forces applied to it during and after installation, shall be designed to permit optimum development of the aquifer with minimum head loss consistent with the intended use of the well, shall have openings designed to prevent clogging or jamming, and multiscreened wells shall not connect aquifers or zones which have differences in water quality that would result in deterioration of the water quality in any aquifer or zone;

(P) All gravel placed in a well to be used as a source of drinking water shall be clean, washed, free of organic matter, disinfected prior to emplacement, or provisions made for disinfection in place. The gravel pack material should consist mainly of silicious, well-rounded, smooth, uniform grain particles and of such size to prevent the formation material from entering the well;

(Q) All individual and nonpublic wells producing water for drinking or food processing shall be disinfected following construction, repair, or when work is done on the pump, before the well is placed in service. The well and pumping equipment shall be disinfected with chlorine applied so that a concentration of at least 50 parts per million of chlorine shall be obtained in all parts of the well with a minimum contact period of two hours before pumping the well; y

(R) All individual and nonpublic wells shall be curbed at the surface by the owner with a watertight curbing of concrete at least four inches thick and extending at least two feet in all directions from the well casing and sloping away from the casing;

(2) All water wells constructed as sources of public water supply for a public water system as defined in Part 5 of this article, the "Georgia Safe Drinking Water Act of 1977," shall be constructed in accordance with the standards and rules and regulations established pursuant to said part;

(3) Irrigation wells shall be constructed in accordance with the standards established for individual and nonpublic wells except that the well does not require disinfection. The minimum depth of the grout seal shall be at least 20 feet below ground surface. Irrigation wells having casing of internal diameter of more than four inches and capable of producing 100,000 gallons of water per day or more shall be constructed only after the division has issued a letter of concurrence or a permit to the landowner;

(4) Industrial wells shall be constructed in accordance with the standards established for individual and nonpublic wells. The minimum depth of the grout seal shall be the same as for nonpublic wells;

(5)(A) Wells and boreholes other than water wells shall be constructed:

(i) So that no toxic or hazardous material is used in or introduced to the borehole;

(ii) So that water-bearing formations that are, or are likely to be, polluted shall be sealed off; y

(iii) To prevent water of different qualities from migrating between zones or aquifers.

(B) Engineering boreholes shall be constructed under the direction of a professional engineer.

(D) Monitoring wells shall be constructed under the direction of a professional engineer or a professional geologist and shall be constructed in accordance with the following minimum requirements:

(i) Well casing and well screens that are part of the monitoring well shall be durable and sufficient to protect the well against structural deficiencies during the construction and during the expected life of the well;

(ii) The upper terminal of the monitoring well shall be protected by a sanitary seal or cover to prevent entrance of pollutants to the well;

(iii) All casing and liner pipe joints shall be watertight for the entire length of the casing;

(iv) The annular space around the well casing shall be grouted with impervious materials to prevent the entrance of interformational pollutants after due consideration of the local soil conditions, local geology, and the intended use of the well;

(v) The alignment of the well is such that the well may be pumped or sampled;

(vi) All drilling equipment and tools shall be washed and steam cleaned immediately upon completion of any monitoring well located within 1,000 feet of any operating or abandoned sanitary landfill or hazardous materials facility or within 1,000 feet of any area where hazardous materials are known or believed to have been deposited, spilled, or discharged; y

(vii) At least once every five years, the owner of the property on which a monitoring well is constructed shall have the monitoring well inspected by a professional engineer or professional geologist, who shall direct appropriate remedial corrective work to be performed if the well does not conform to standards.

(E) Dewatering wells to be constructed for the purpose of withdrawing 100,000 gallons or less of ground water on any one day shall be constructed under the direction of a professional engineer or a professional geologist and shall be constructed in accordance with the following minimum requirements:

(i) Well casing and well screens that are a part of the dewatering well shall be durable and sufficient to protect the well against structural deficiencies during the construction and against entrance of pollutants during the expected life of the well;

(ii) The upper terminal of the dewatering well shall be protected by a sanitary seal or cover to prevent entrance of pollutants to the well;

(iii) All casing and liner pipe joints shall be watertight for the entire length of the casing;

(v) The alignment of the well shall be such that the installation and operation of the pump will not be impaired; y

(vi) The dewatering well shall be pumped in a manner and rate to prevent significant loss of strength of nearby soil and rock.

(F) Seismic shot holes shall be constructed under the direction of a professional engineer or a professional geologist and shall be constructed in accordance with the following minimum requirements:

(i) Exclusive of explosives, no toxic or hazardous materials shall be used in or introduced to the shot hole;

(ii) Materials that are to be a part of the seismic shot hole shall be durable and sufficient to protect the seismic shot hole against structural deficiencies during the construction and against entrance of pollutants during the expected life of the seismic shot hole;

(iii) Prior to being charged with explosives, seismic shot holes shall contain temporary seals adequate to prevent the entrance of pollutants to any aquifer;

(iv) Seismic shot holes shall not be charged with explosives more than 24 hours prior to detonation; y

(v) In the event explosives are not detonated within one year after reaching total depth, the seismic shot hole shall have all temporary seals removed and be completely plugged with impervious materials to prevent the entrance of pollutants to any aquifer; y

(6)(A) A water well shall be considered as temporarily abandoned when its use has been interrupted for a period of more than one year and not more than three years. Such a well shall be sealed and the well maintained whereby it is not a source or a channel of contamination or pollution when not in service.

(B) A water well shall be considered as permanently abandoned when its service has been interrupted for a period of more than three years or it meets the definition of abandoned well as defined in this part. Such a well shall be filled, sealed, and plugged.

(C) Whenever a well or borehole is excavated for the exploration, testing, or use as a source of water supply but is no longer used for that purpose, it shall be the owner's responsibility to have the borehole filled, sealed, and plugged within 30 days of the excavation or disuse to protect against the entrance of pollutants into the subsurface.

(D) No abandoned water well or borehole shall be used for the purpose of disposing of any wastes or pollutants that may contaminate the ground water.

(E) All engineering boreholes, regardless of the depth limitations defined in paragraphs (3) and (8) of Code Section 12-5-122, which are located on property which is being used or is proposed to be used for the storage, manufacture, or processing of petroleum products, hazardous materials, hazardous wastes, industrial or municipal waste water, brines, or any other chemical substances, must be completely filled, sealed, and plugged within 30 days after the total depth is reached. Engineering boreholes which are in locations scheduled to be excavated, covered with pavement, or covered by the concrete foundation or basement of a building within two years after drilling need not be filled, sealed, and plugged. All other engineering boreholes must be filled, sealed, and plugged within 90 days after the total depth is reached. It shall be the responsibility of the person in charge of the borehole construction to ensure proper abandonment.

(F) Geologic boreholes which are in locations scheduled to be mined within two years after drilling need not be filled, sealed, and plugged. Other geologic boreholes shall be filled, sealed, and plugged within 30 days after drilling. It shall be the responsibility of the person in charge of borehole construction to ensure proper abandonment.

(G) Monitoring wells shall meet the requirements of abandonment as defined by this part unless they are declared temporarily abandoned. A monitoring well that is temporarily abandoned shall have a cap placed on it within 15 days of its temporary abandonment. It shall be the responsibility of the owner of the property on which the monitoring well is constructed to ensure proper abandonment of the well.

(H) Seismic shot holes shall be filled, sealed, and plugged within 60 days after the explosives have been detonated. It shall be the responsibility of the person in charge of the shot hole construction to ensure proper abandonment.

(I) Abandoned individual, nonpublic, public, irrigation, and industrial wells shall be filled, sealed, and plugged by a water well contractor licensed by the council.

(J) Abandoned engineering boreholes, geologic boreholes, dewatering wells, monitoring wells, and seismic shot holes shall be filled, sealed, and plugged under the direction of a registered professional geologist or registered professional engineer.

12-5-135. Requirement of bond or letter of credit

(a) A performance bond or letter of credit shall be provided to the director by any water well contractor or driller for the conduct of drilling operations to ensure compliance with the procedures and standards contained in this part.

(b) The bond or letter of credit required in subsection (a) of this Code section shall be:

(1) Conditioned upon faithful compliance with the conditions and terms of this part; y

(2) In such amount as determined by the director to ensure compliance with the procedures and standards contained in this part, but in any event not to exceed $50,000.00.

(1) A performance bond, payable to the director and issued by an insurance company authorized to issue such bonds in this state; o

(2) An irrevocable letter of credit issued in favor of and payable to the director from a commercial bank or other financial institution approved by the director.

(d) The council shall not issue any new license or renew any old license unless the license application is accompanied by a letter from the director or his designee stating that the applicant's bond or letter of credit is acceptable. Failure to provide an acceptable bond or irrevocable letter of credit shall constitute grounds for denial of the issuance or renewal of a license.

(e) Upon a determination by the director that a water well contractor, driller, or other person responsible for the conduct of the drilling operation has failed to meet the standards as set out in this part, the director may, after written notice of the failure to the contractor, driller, or other person responsible for the conduct of the drilling operation in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of Code Section 12-5-136:

(1) Forfeit or draw that amount of such bond or letter of credit that the director determines necessary to correct the violations;

(2) Expend such amount for such purposes;

(3) Enter into contracts for such purposes; y

(4) Require the replacement of that amount of such bond or letter of credit forfeited or drawn upon.

(f) If a business has more than one water well contractor, that business, in lieu of obtaining bonds or irrevocable letters of credit for each individual licensee, may substitute a blanket bond or blanket irrevocable letter of credit for all water well contractors within that business. The blanket bond or blanket irrevocable letter of credit shall be payable to the director in an amount not to exceed $50,000.00.

(g) The bond or irrevocable letter of credit provided for in this Code section shall have state-wide application.

(h) Upon delivery of the prescribed bond or irrevocable letter of credit to the director, no other bond or irrevocable letter of credit shall be required of any water well contractor or driller for the purposes of protecting the state or any political subdivision of the state or the citizens thereof from water well contractors or drillers who fail to meet the standards as set out in this part or for any other like purpose required by any department, agency, or instrumentality of the state or a political subdivision thereof.

(i) No bond or irrevocable letter of credit provided for in this Code section shall be accepted by the director from any water well contractor or driller who shall drill any well or borehole for the purpose of injecting any surface water into the floridan aquifer in any county governed by the Georgia coastal zone management program provided by Code Section 12-5-327 after July 1, 1999, and before December 31, 2002.

12-5-136. Compliance with standards and licensing requirements; inspections; actions by director if well not up to standard

(a) All water well contractors or other persons drilling boreholes or coreholes are required to conduct their work in a manner that complies with the well construction standards established in this part and are required to be licensed or acting under the direction of a professional engineer or professional geologist as set forth in Code Section 12-5-125.

(b) The director or designated representatives of the division shall conduct inspections of wells and boreholes of all types to determine compliance with construction standards established in this part. Such inspections may be made in response to requests from the council or from any person who has reason to believe a well or borehole does not comply with the standards. The director may also select wells and boreholes to inspect at random.

(c) The director or designated representatives of the division shall be permitted access in or upon any private or public property at all reasonable times for the purpose of inspecting and investigating conditions of wells, methods of drilling, and records relating to the drilling and abandonment of wells and boreholes.

(d) The director shall report the results of all inspections to the respective driller, contractor, or person responsible for the drilling and to the council.

(e) The director shall notify the driller, contractor, or person responsible for the drilling and the council that a portion of bondedness or line of credit in such amount as necessary to provide corrective action may be assessed if that person does not bring the well or borehole up to the standards described in this part within 30 days.

(f) If a well or borehole is not brought up to the standards described in this part within this 30 day notification period, the director may, upon expiration of the notification period, expend whatever portion of the bond or letter of credit is necessary to hire another contractor to bring the well or borehole up to standards or to construct a new well.

12-5-137. Procedure for confiscation and sale of contraband equipment; defensas

(a) All drilling rigs or commercial vehicles used to drill any well and other equipment used to drill any well by a person who is not a licensed water well contractor or driller or who is not acting under the direction of a professional engineer or professional geologist as required by this part are declared to be contraband subject to forfeiture and confiscation and seizure by any peace officer, who shall forthwith deliver such rigs and equipment to the district attorney whose circuit includes the county in which a seizure is made or to his duly authorized agent within ten days of the seizure.

(b) The district attorney whose circuit includes the county in which the seizure is made, within 30 days after the seizure of any illegal drilling equipment, shall institute proceedings by petition in the superior court of any county where the seizure was made against the property so seized and against any and all persons known to have an interest in or right affected by the seizure or sale of such property. A copy of such petition shall be served upon the owner or lessee of such property, if known, and upon the person or persons having custody or possession of such property at the time of the confiscation or seizure. If the owner or lessee, or person or persons having custody or possession of such property at the time of seizure is unknown, notice of such proceedings shall be published once a week for two consecutive weeks in the newspaper in which sheriff's advertisements of the county are published. Such publication shall be deemed notice to any and all persons having an interest in or right affected by such proceedings and any sale of the property resulting therefrom. If no defense or intervention shall be filed within 30 days from the filing of the petition, judgment by default shall be entered by the court; otherwise the case shall proceed as in other civil cases. Should the drilling equipment be found to be illegal within the sense of this part, the same shall be decreed to be contraband and ordered sold under such terms as the judge in his order may direct. The proceedings arising from such sale shall be applied:

(1) To the payment of proper costs and expenses, including expenses incurred in the seizure;

(2) To the payment of the cost of the court and its officers;

(3) To the payment of any cost incurred in the storage, advertisement, maintenance, or care of such property; y

(4) If any money remains, to the general funds of the county.

(c) Where the owner or lessee of any property seized for purpose of condemnation shall abscond or conceal himself so that the actual notice of the condemnation proceedings cannot be served upon him, he shall be served by publication as is provided in this Code section in the case of an unknown owner or lessee.

(d) All proceedings against any alleged illegal drilling equipment for the purpose of condemnation shall be proceedings in rem against the property, and the property shall be described only in general terms. It is the intent and purpose of the procedure provided by this Code section to provide a civil remedy for the condemnation and sale of contraband property.

(e) Any party at interest may appear, by answer under oath, and make his defense. The owner, lessee, security interest holder, or lienholder shall be permitted to defend by showing that the property seized, if illegally used by another, was used without the knowledge, connivance, or consent, expressed or implied, of the owner, lessee, security interest holder, or lienholder. The holder of any bona fide lien on or security interest in the property shall be protected to the full extent of his lien or security interest, respectively; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Code section shall be construed to obligate the district attorney whose circuit includes the county in which a seizure is made beyond the proceeds of any such sale less the actual costs incurred by him.

Ancient Greek Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art

Ensayo

Ancient Greek colonization began at an early date, during the so-called Geometric period of about 900 to 700 B. C. (74.51.965 ), when many seminal elements of ancient Greek society were also established, such as city-states, major sanctuaries, and the Panhellenic festivals. The Greek alphabet, inspired by the writing of the Phoenician sea traders, was developed and spread at this time.

Greece is a country surrounded by water and the sea has always played an important role in its history. The ancient Greeks were active seafarers seeking opportunities for trade and founding new independent cities at coastal sites across the Mediterranean Sea. By the seventh and sixth centuries B. C. Greek colonies and settlements stretched all the way from western Asia Minor to southern Italy, Sicily, North Africa. and even to the coasts of southern France and Spain. Regional schools of artists exhibited a rich variety of styles and preferences at this time. The major Ionian cities along the coast of Asia Minor prospered (21.169.1 ). They cultivated relationships with other affluent centers like Sardis in Lydia (14.30.9 ), which was ruled by the legendary King Croesus in the sixth century B. C. Indeed, by this time, the eastern Greeks controlled much of the Aegean Sea and had established independent cities to the north along the Black Sea. This region, in particular, opened up further trade connections to the north that gave access to valuable raw materials, such as gold.

Trading stations played an important role as the furthest outposts of Greek culture. Here, Greek goods, such as pottery (2009.529 ), bronze, silver and gold vessels, olive oil, wine, and textiles, were exchanged for luxury items and exotic raw materials that were in turn worked by Greek craftsmen. The Greeks established trading enclaves within existing local communities in the Levant, such as at Al Mina. In the Nile Delta, the port town of Naukratis (1972.118.142 ) served as a commercial headquarters for Greek traders in Egypt.

Likewise, well-established maritime trade routes around the Mediterranean basin enabled foreigners to travel to Greece. In the seventh century B. C. contacts with itinerant eastern craftsmen, notably on Crete and Cyprus. inspired Greek artists to work in techniques as diverse as gem cutting. ivory carving, jewelry making, and metalworking. After the unprecedented military campaign of Alexander the Great (r. 336вЂ“323 B. C. ), more extensive trade routes were opened across Asia, extending as far as Afghanistan and the Indus River Valley. These new trade routes introduced Greek art to cultures in the East, and also exposed Greek artists to a host of artistic styles and techniques, as well as precious stones. Garnets, emeralds, rubies, and amethysts were incorporated into new types of Hellenistic jewelry. more stunning than ever before. In the ensuing centuries, the Greeks continued to live in these eastern regions, but always maintained contact with the Greek mainland. East Greek artists also emigrated to Etruria. where they settled at Caere, an Etruscan city on the Italian coast (64.11.1 ).

On the other hand, the Greek colonies in Sicily and southern Italy, a region known as Magna Graecia, comprised politically independent entities that maintained religious ties and trade links with their mother cities. Up until the mid-sixth century B. C. Corinth dominated trade in the West. For the most part, it exported Corinthian vases (06.1021.18 ), which were often filled with olive oil, in return for grain. Some city-states, such as Syracuse and Selinus in Sicily, erected major temples that rivaled those in the eastern part of Greece. Unlike the Aegean islands and mainland Greece, where marble was plentiful, Sicily and southern Italy had few local sources of high-quality marble. Thus, the artists in Magna Graecia established a strong tradition of working with terracotta and limestone (22.139.56 ). Many of the colonies in the West minted their own silver coins with distinctive designs and emblems.

As a predominant naval force in the latter part of the sixth and fifth centuries B. C. Athens exerted its influence over sea trade. Athenian pottery was widely exported, especially to Etruria and to the colonies in southern Italy, where it inspired local imitations. In the Hellenistic period. Syracuse dominated much of Sicily, and local artistic styles flourished. Particularly ornate sculptural and painted vases were produced at Centuripe. By this time, Syracuse as a cosmopolitan city rivaled any other in the Greek world. It boasted major temples, as well as civic buildings and monuments. In fact, the theater at SyracuseвЂ”one of the largest ever built in antiquityвЂ”continues to be a celebrated destination for dramatic performances. In 272 B. C. the Romans conquered Magna Graecia, and Sicily came under Roman rule when Syracuse fell to Rome in 212 B. C. As a result, the newly conquered western Greek colonies played an important role as the transmitters of Greek culture to the Romans and the rest of the Italian peninsula.

Colette Hemingway Independent Scholar

SeГЎn Hemingway Department of Greek and Roman Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Citación

Relacionado

Primary Essays

Secondary Essays

List of Rulers

Chronology

Palabras claves

Artist / Maker

See Also

Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster)

Terracotta krater with lid surmounted by a small hydria

Terracotta antefix (roof tile)

Terracotta neck-amphora (storage jar)

Terracotta sarcophagus rim

Terracotta jug with an oversize spout

Faience aryballos (perfume vase) in the form of two heads

Terracotta hydria (water jar)

Terracotta calyx-krater (mixing bowl)

Limestone funerary relief

Terracotta architectural tile

SUBSEA INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Director Ejecutivo

Before becoming CEO in 2011, Ian worked extensively in Asia where he led the diversification and growth of our JV, SBSS and was the founding CEO of Huawei Marine Networks.

He is a Chartered Engineer having graduated in Mechanical Engineering and holds an MBA from Henley. He is one of only a handful of business people to receive The Friendship Award – the highest honour awarded by the Chinese Government for contributions to China.

Richard Fraser-Smith

Chief Financial Officer

Richard recently joined the Global Marine Leadership Team and Board of Directors as Chief Financial Officer.

He brings with him a wealth of corporate knowledge across multiple business sectors including energy, investment banking, FMCG, facilities management and consulting engineering.

Richard graduated as a Chemical Engineer and later qualified as a Chartered Accountant with PwC in 1991.

Nicci Broom

Director Sales & Comercial

Nicci joined the business in the late 90’s and has held a number of roles including Managing Director, Global Marine Energy.

Her current role is responsible for building the sales pipeline in order to deliver the business plan, aligning marketing and proposal efforts, and ensuring a robust contracting process.

Prior to joining Global Marine, she had 8 years commercial experience in the construction and FMCG industries. Nicci successfully completed her DBA in 2005 and MBA in 1999.

Bruce Neilson-Watts

Director Strategy & Operaciones

Bruce began his career with Global Marine at sea in 1989 becoming a Master Mariner and the youngest ever Captain in the fleet, before coming ashore in 2005.

He has recently returned from China after six years working in both HMN as VP Service Delivery and SBSS as Managing Director.

Andy Lloyd

As Director, Installations Andy is responsible for Global Marine’s project management, shallow water and global support services departments.

He joined the company in 2000 with a wealth of knowledge from the subsea pipeline installation industry. Andy holds a B. Eng. (Hons) Marine Systems Technology from University of Plymouth.

Capt. Simon Hibberd

Director, Fleet & Operational Support

Simon joined the company in 1989, and served offshore as Ships' Master and Cableship Commander between 1993 and 2007, working on numerous projects including the noteworthy ESTLINK offshore power cable project.

Simon’s been a qualified DPO since 1996, and has held a number of roles ashore prior to being promoted to Director, Fleet & Operational Support in 2012.

His current responsibilities include health and safety, environment, quality, corporate risk, document control, fleet manning, cable engineering and subsea assets.

John Walters

John has been a Global Marine employee since 1990; working on board our cable ships, in project management, sales and commercial roles.

He is currently responsible for the delivery and strategic direction of our maintenance products and services.

John is a Master Mariner, has an MBA from Henley Business School and lives in Singapore.

Mike Constable

Chief Executive Officer, Huawei Marine

Prior to his role as CEO Huawei Marine Networks, Mike, as Corporate Development Director, was responsible for the strategic development of the Global Marine group, including HMN and SBSS.

Previously Mike worked for Pacnet (Global) Ltd in Singapore. Global Crossing in New York and Alcatel Submarine Networks.

Mike earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Otago, New Zealand, and his MBA at Henley Management College, United Kingdom.

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Friday, March 13, 2015

Kuwait's Tamdeen Group To Go Ahead With US$700 Million Al Khiran Development

& Gt; 75,000-sqm high end ‘Outlet Mall’ with state-of-the-art entertainment and F&B components to showcase the project

& Gt; Resort style apartment living adjacent to a 5-star hotel with an international spa

Tamdeen Group – Kuwait’s leading mixed-use property developer that is reshaping the urban and social landscape of the country through innovative projects – has announced the multi-million dollar Al Khiran development which will be at the heart of the Sabah Al Ahmed Sea City.

Valued at US$700 million, the resort-style project which will be spread across 350,000-sqm of water-front, will eventually create significant opportunities for Kuwait’s tourism and business growth. A one-of-a-kind development, the project will include Kuwait’s first high-end Outlet Mall, two high-rise residential towers, one furnished apartments tower, a marina to house over 900 boats – the biggest in Kuwait - and a 5-star resort style hotel with an international spa component.

Launching the project, Mohammed Jassim Khalid Al Marzouq, Chairman of Tamdeen Group said: “We believe in Kuwait, in its economic future and its excellent legal systems. The new found cooperation between the Government and Parliament has given us even more confidence to invest further in Kuwait. Today we have projects worth US$2 billion in the pipeline.

“Kuwait is recognized as a country that has one of the world’s highest per capita incomes estimated at US$48,260, which means the country is well-placed to drive growth across different retail segments. It also remains one of the most underserviced markets in the GCC in terms of quality retail space.

“Kuwait’s economy is among the strongest in the region and in a country where 45 percent of the population is in the 20-39 years age range, household spending on international brands within the retail sector is on the rise. This is where Al Khiran will offer value not just in terms of shopping but an overall customer experience.”

The Tamdeen Group has been developing significant shopping center and mixed-use properties over the last two decades. The Group has built the iconic 360 MALL and the Al Kout waterfront project, both of which have become important symbols of Kuwait. Their unique architecture makes them one-of-a-kind destinations offering an unmatched shopping experience for their discerning customers. Al Khiran will add to that offering in its own unique way.

“We also believe that Kuwait has huge untapped potential for ‘conservative tourism’ and this project will attract people from our three large neighbors creating a new destination,” added Al Marzouq.

The 75,000-sqm luxury Outlet Mall within Al Khiran will have the finest mix of luxury and premium brands. The entire mall will have an outdoor ambiance with indoor streets covered by continuous skylights to provide natural light.

Designed by leading international architects RTKL, the mall will have a unique resort-style architecture which will incorporate traditional Arabic motifs. The mall’s façade will add to its identity providing a highly sustainable solution which filters light and provides shade. A continuous covered arcade will showcase the retail elements and provide comfortable seating for various restaurants.

A lot of thought and input has gone into landscaping design for the entire project which in itself will be an attraction for tourists and residents alike. A massive promenade covered with palms will create the pedestrian space between the mall and the marina. Celebrated landscape architects PWP from the USA have worked hard to create the landscape link for the entire project while providing terraced seating options for customers’ dining pleasure.

The most iconic landform will be at the center of the development. The Al Khiran Park with its rich and varied vegetation will include a variety of open air attractions for children as well as huge performance spaces. This in itself will create a powerful magnet for all of Kuwait.

Al Khiran will become the entertainment and commercial cornerstone of the new community at Sabah Al Ahmed Sea City and surrounding areas of over 200,000 people. The residences will provide a resort-style home-away-from-home for the discerning Kuwaiti with access to some of the finest leisure facilities, private swimming pools and a ‘beach front’. A 5-star hotel with an international spa will attract both Kuwaiti residents and tourists alike.

Al Marzouq further explained: “Tamdeen Group companies have been known to deliver high-end, world-class quality projects that rival the very best in the world. Kuwait has been witnessing a 6.6 percent average rise in tourism and increasing demand for luxury products and services. Projects like Al Khiran fulfil that national expectation and Tamdeen Group is honored to be a catalyst to the country’s overall economic, retail and tourism growth.”

Today, the Tamdeen Group of Companies has a combined paid up capital of US$1.35 billion with close to US$4 billion in assets, making the group one of Kuwait’s most significant private-sector players.

When it comes to empowering and encouraging its employees to make healthy choices, Al Shirawi definitely takes the center stage. Taking the same tradition forward, the Engineering Services Group celebrated the World Heart Day on 29th of September in the Ras Al Khor facility. Lee mas

VisionWood International receives ISO 9001:2008 certification

VisionWood International, UAEвЂ™s premier joinery product manufacturer and part of Al Shirawi Contracting Co. has been awarded the global ISO 9001:2008 certification. The certification confirms that VisionWood has met the requirements of the ISO standard. Lee mas

12th December 2010 marked yet another milestone for Al Shirawi and Leminar. Members from Al Shirawi and Leminar along with an estimated 2,000 volunteers from all sectors in the UAE, participated in the Clean Up вЂ“ UAE Campaign organized by the Emirates Environmental Group. Trudging through the sand where camel pens once stood in Nad Al Sheba, volunteers filled rubbish bags with nearly 35 tons of trash was from the area. It was a satisfying, fun, productive way of giving importance to our environment and absolutely a great learning experience for community service. Lee mas

Quality Healthcare initiative for Al Shirawi's Workforce

The vision and foresightedness of H. E. Eng. Salah Salem Al Shamsi is force behind the establishment of Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies. ÉL. Eng. Salah Salem Al Shamsi, a well qualified engineer has long and rich experience at very senior levels in ADNOC Group of companies & various Government offices. His vast industrial experience, administrative skills and commitment towards quality has made LIWA as the most reliable destination for major clients in United Arab Emirates.

Company Profile

Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies was established 15 years back with an objective of resourcing and make available the requirement of high quality, latest technology of engineering products, materials, chemicals and services to the ever growing on shore and offshore Oil & Gas, petrochemical industries, Hydro carbon Power/water sectors in the United Arab Emirates. The company has evolved itself over the years and is now a full-fledged general trading house with an emphasis on supply & service to diverse sectors of the industry.

Fifteen years ago, the organization was founded by His Excellency Eng. Salah Salem Bin Omair Al Shamsi to cater to specific requirements for chemicals, engineering products and major equipment tailored to the needs of large industries in the hydrocarbon, power and water sectors.

Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies is involved in the procurement and the company's engineering trade arm offers precision products such as heat exchangers, pressure Vessels, filtration systems, Valves, Line Pipes, Steel Structures' etc. Core strength at Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies is the new technologies and solutions which Liwa offer for the power, oil and gas and water sectors. LIWA always one-step ahead in trading of all most all major specialty chemicals required for oil, gas and other related industrial sectors in the UAE.

Apart from its role as trader, supplier and provider of high-grade chemicals, engineering and technology products, Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies also offers services related to industrial, manufacturing, ports and shipping and oil, gas and petrochemicals sectors.

Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies fills a market gap for knowledge and engineering proficiency to offer the UAE's oil, gas and hydrocarbon sectors specialist support and state of the art tools and products. The company is a key support partner for ADNOC in oil field exploration and development, and counts several other regional energy producers as long-term clients.

The organization is ISO 9001-2008 quality management system certified, and uses state of the art SAGE CRM tools to optimize its value chain. The company's objective is to offer clients international expertise for local products, and ensure reliable excellence in infrastructure and projects.

Liwa Petroleum & Industrial Supplies is constantly sourcing new products and services from its Principals, manufactures and suppliers that share Liwa's reputation for excellence and are well-known internationally to meet the needs of the region's rapidly evolving oil, gas and energy sectors. The company's ethos of building long-term relationships that rest on a shared bedrock of diligence and quality has resulted in the company being recognized as a regional market leader and looking to expand internationally. Liwa's success stems from a team of inspired individuals who excel in a results-oriented environment.

Hotel The Ritz Carlton Dubai

Distanz zum Flughafen vor Ort: 30 km 45 min

SPLENDIDO Restaurant Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

The Lobby Lounge Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Umi Sushi Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

On The Border Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Saladicious Deli Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Turath Al Mandi 503 Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Duo Ristorante The Walk JBR, Ground Floor - Dubai

Haru ROBATAYAKI Jumeirah Beach Residence, Jumeirah Beach Residence, Rimal, The Walk, Plaza Level - Dubai

Flavors The Walk - Dubai

Just Falafel - Dubai Marina Dubai

Suvoroff Jumeirah Beach Residence - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Talk Restaurant & Lounge Movenpick Hotel Jumeirah Beach, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Brasserie Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Al Qasr Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa - D 94 - Dubai

Ossigeno Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Al Khaima Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai Marina

Da Shi Dai The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

The Noodle Room Unit G-01, Murjan, JBR - Dubai

Hako Sushi JBR Dubai

Cucina Mia Restaurant Trident Grand Residence Building, Shop G05, JBR - Dubai Marina

India Palace Jumeirah Beach Residence - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Frankie's Italian Bar & Grill Al Fattan Marine Towers - Dubai

Soy - JBR JBR Rd - Dubai

Oasis Beach Tower Apartments The Walk - Dubai

Mawlawiyah Lounge Marina Promenade - Dubai

MoMs Food Restaurant Park Island

Maya by Richard Sandoval Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

International House of Pancakes The Walk - Dubai

nawab authentic indian restaurant Bay Central, Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Chicken Tikka Inn Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

The Veranda Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Salamar The Habtoor Grand Beach Resort and Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Chicken Tikka Inn Jumeirah Lake Towers, Dubai Gate 1, Cluster Q, Promenade Level - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Kauai Unit B-09, Park Island, - Marina Promenade - Dubai

Massimo's Italian Restaurant Dubai

Luciano's Habtoor Grand Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Speakeasy Bar and Restaurant Bahar Jumeirah Beach Residence, The Walk - Dubai

Bartini Habtoor Grand Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

DUO Restaurant Sadaf 4, The Walk - Dubai

Fish Bazaar Habtoor Grand Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Summer Place Chinese Habtoor Grand Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

Gusto Restaurant and Cafe Lower Ground Floor, Marina View Tower, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Burger Fuel JBR The Walk - Dubai

BurgerFuel The Walk - Dubai

Saroja Restaurant and cafe D 94 - Dubai

S'wich Dubai

H20 Poolbar & Restaurant Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort, 1 The Walk - Dubai

Oceana Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort, 1 The Walk - Dubai

Sarai Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Gusto Italian Restaurant Shop no 9,marina view towers, dubai marina - Sheikh Zayed Rd - Dubai

PULP Juice Bars Dubai Beach Residence - Dubai

Bice Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort, 1 The Walk - Dubai

Bice Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Residences - JBR Rd - Dubai

Pachanga Hilton Dubai Jumeirah - JBR Rd - Dubai

N_K_D Pizza Dubai

Fogueira Brazilian Restaurant 35th Floor, Ramada Plaza, Bahar JBR - Dubai

Esspresse Dubai

Shores Bahar 7, Jumeirah Beach Residence, The Walk - Dubai

Riviera Restaurant & Cafe Dubai

Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort Dubai

Monte Carlo Stars Restaurant Dubai

Siamin Restaurant Radisson Blu Hotel, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Mazina The Address Dubai Marina - Dubai

Ruth's Chris Steak House The Address Dubai Marina, Ground Floor - Al Suwayeb Street - Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai Marina

32 Marina Street Kitchen Dusit Residence - Dubai

Dusit Gourmet Dusit Residence Dubai Marina, Dubai Marina - Dubai

falafel express restaurant Time Place Tower FZCO Shop BS 3 Dubai Marina

Nasrin Iranian Restaurant & Cafe 25.082924,55.144635

Toro Toro Grosvenor House Dubai - D 94 - Dubai

Jedoudna The Walk - Dubai

Delice Dubai

TCHE TCHE - Elite The Walk - Dubai

Embassy Dubai Grosvenor House Dubai, Al Sufouh Road, P O Box 118500 - Dubai

Fish & Co. Jumeirah Beach Residence, Rimal Plaza Bridge - Dubai

Rhodes Mezzanine Grosvenor House Tower Two - D 94 - Dubai

Leopolds of London Dubai

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The Counter Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Abdewahab Dubai

Zero Gravity Al Mina Al Seyahi

Yogurberry Dubai

Sukh Sagar Rimal Building, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Littlemore Dubai

Yosushi Dubai

Wingsters Marina Diamond 1 - Dubai

Siddharta Lounge Grosvenor House Dubai Hotel - Dubai

Waynak Marina Terrace - Dubai

Waffelwaffel Dubai

Zafran Dubai Marina Mall - Dubai

Cafe O Restaurant & Cafe JBR, Remal Building - Dubai

El Chico GM 10, The Walk, Al Sufuoh Road, Jumeirah - Dubai

Le Caire 1940 Dubai

Rhodes in Residence Grosvenor House Dubai Hotel - Dubai

Chili House Dubai Marina Walk, Marina View - Dubai

Bestswarma Dubai

Ruth's Chris Steak House Dubai Marina - Dubai

Sajexpress Dubai

Sloane's Grosvenor House Dubai Hotel - Dubai

King Koshari Marina Diamond 1, near Jumeirah Beach Rd. - Dubai

Burj Al Hamam Marina Mall - Dubai

Waynak Restaurant and Cafe Dubai

Haru - JBR Rimal, JBR - Dubai

Gourmet Burger Kitchen Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Rd - Dubai

Burger360 Marina Tower - Dubai

Cafeitalia Dubai

Conticonffeteria Dubai

Le Pain Quotidien - JBR The Walk, Rimal Sector, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Al Hamidieh Restaurant Iris Blue - Dubai

Assiainwok Dubai

Iran Zamin Iris Blue building, Dubai Marina - Dubai

800 Pizza Dubai

Subway Dubai

Chez Sushi Dubai

Primo Amore Dubai

Kabab-Ji Rimal, JBR - Dubai

Sadaf Persian Restaurant Dubai

Trident Middle East Yacht Charter Dubai

Bo House The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

FERI KASIF TEHROON United Arab Emirates

800 Pizza Dubai

Just Falafel Facilities Management Marina Plaza - Dubai

Aappa Kadai Shop No. 3, Diamond 6 Building - Dubai

Bombay By The Bay The Walk - Dubai

Maxine Marina The Walk - Dubai

Maxine Restaurant and Cafe Marina Walk Dubai Marina - Dubai

Eat Greek Al Mina Al Seyahi, The Beach The Walk on JBR - Dubai

Arabiska Dubai

Kosebasi - The Walk The Walk - Dubai

Mogador Dubai

Chinese Village Dubai

Le Paradis du Fruit Dubai

Salsa Restaurant Avant Tower - Dubai

Scoozi The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Mir Amin - Dubai Marina Trident Scape building, The Walk, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Bagels & More Shop 2, Diamond 3, Dubai Marina, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Nandos Dubai

NANDOS - DUBAI MARINA: Marina Walk. Marina - Dubai

City Bistro Dubai

Barbecue Delights Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Mir Amin Dubai

Potato Hut Dubai

AOC Brasserie Sofitel Dubai Jumeirah Beach - Dubai

Salsa Dubai

Al Reef Lebanese Bakery Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Dome Dubai

The Observatory 52nd Floor, Dubai Marriott Harbour Hotel & Suites Al Sufouh Roa - Dubai

Sushi Counter Marina Promenade - Dubai

Itzza Pizza - JLT Emirates Hills - Dubai

Stefano's Dubai

Chicken Tikka Inn La Riviera - Dubai

Lighthouse Dubai

Reem Al Bawadi Restaurant and Cafe The Walk - Dubai

Basilico Dubai

Sarpinos Pizzeria, Marina Beside Yacht Club, Al Majara building - Dubai

Inferno Grill Dubai

Al Hakawati Dubai

Shamiq Biryani Dubai

Grilled n Thrilled Dubai Gate 1 - Dubai

Funkie Town Dubai

Aquara Marina Sail - Dubai

Prestige Restaurant Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Ruppee Room Dubai

Itsu Modern Japanese Restaurant Shop no 5 murjaan tower marina walk - Alkhayay St - Dubai

Chandelier Dubai

Xclusive Cruise Dubai

Blues Dubai

Royal Orchid Marina Walk, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Tchaikovsky Marina Byblos Hotel - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Gulnaz Restaurant and Cafe Dubai

Sheikh and Shake MAG 214 Tower - R Cluster - Dubai

La Liga Sports Restaurant Emirates Hills, Shop P12 & P13, MAG 214, Cluster R, - Dubai

Zaatar w Zait Dubai Beach Residence - Dubai

Gulnaz Restaurant and Cafe The Point Tower Ground floor - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Itsu Dubai

Benihana Amwaj Rotana - Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Rosso Amwaj Rotana - Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Nais Italian Kitchen HDS Tower - Dubai

Horizon - Amwaj Rotana The Walk - Dubai

Benihana - Amwaj Rotana The Walk - Dubai

Arz Lebanon Restaurant Jumeirah Beach Residence, Jumeirah Rd. at VIP St. - Dubai

La Youmal Dubai

Pushkin Restaurant Amwaj 1, Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

The Whistler Jumeirah Beach Residence, Ocean View, P O Box 26500 - Dubai

Fogo Vivo Dubai Marina, Ocean View, P O Box 26500 - Dubai

Gramo Italian Restaurant Dubai

AZ. U.R. Dubai Marriott Harbour Hotel & Suites, Al Sufouh Rd - Dubai

S U Bites Shop No 03,Ground Floor 1,Lake Plaza Cluster T - Dubai

77 Veggie Boutique Tiffany Tower, cluster W, lake level, JLT - Dubai

Chinwaggery MГ¶venpick Hotel Jumeirah Beach - Jumeirah Beach Road - Dubai

Cafe Baroque Murjan 5 - Dubai

TCHE TCHE - JBR Sadaf 4 - Beach Walk - Dubai

Chillout Lounge Meydan Beach Club - Jumeirah Beach Road - Dubai

Shades Le Royal Meridien Beach Resort & Spa - Al Sufouh Rd

Trader Vic's Mai-Tai Lounge Al Fattan Towers, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Thyme Restaurant Dubai

MAKE Business Hub Cafe Al Fattan Tower - Dubai

LEVEL RESTAURANT & CAFE Bay Central Tower, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Underground Pub The Habtoor - Dubai

Al Dahleez Restaurant - JBR Bahar 3 Plaza Level, The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Studio One Sports Bar, Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort The Walk - Dubai

Cuban Bar Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Resort, 1 The Walk - Dubai

Hilton Dubai The Walk The Walk - Dubai

pianist. ae Dubai

Wavebreaker Hilton Dubai Jumeirah Residences, The Walk - Jumeirah Beach Rd - Dubai

Bar 44 Grosvenor House Dubai - Al Sufouh Road - Dubai

Siddartha Lounge by Buddha Bar Grosvenor House Dubai - Al Sufouh Road - Dubai

FONOGRAF Restaurant & Cafe Dubai Marina, Trident Bayside bld.

Mamma Mia Ristorante & Pizzeria Radisson Blu Residence, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Carluccio's Dubai

Cafeblanc Dubai

Buddha Bar Grosvenor House Dubai, Al Sufouh Rd. - Dubai

Venecia Coffee Shop and Restaurant Dubai Marina - Dubai

Yoshis Gaming Lounge Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

SAMOVAR Smoking Tea Lounge Dubai Marina, Iris Blue Tower, between Grosvenor House and Dusit Residence

Piccolo Mondo Bay Marina Tower Basement Level, Water Front, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Cafenero Dubai

Starbucks Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Abrar's bachelor pad Dubai

Baker & Spice Marina Promenade - D 94 - Dubai

Startbucks Marina Promenade Dubai

Bateel Dubai

Tim Hortons Bahar Sector opposite Hilton Beach Hotel; Jumeirah Beach Residen - Dubai

Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf Dubai

Starbucks Dubai

Mensch Cafe Mensch Cafe, Lake Level, Dubai Gate One - Cluster Q - Dubai

Cafe Bateel Marina Promenade Marina Promenade - Dubai

Shooters Billiards & Cafe Ground Floor, Marina Torch Building, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Rosso - Amwaj Rotana The Walk - Dubai

Girders Jumeirah Beach Residence, Ocean View, P O Box 26500 - Dubai

AVANTI Al Sufouh Road, Trident Grand Building, Murjan Avenue, Opposite RoyalMeridien Hotel

Boutique 1 The Walk at JBR - Jumeirah Beach Road - Dubai

Smitten Dubai Marina Mall - Dubai

Promod Dubai

Mamas and Papas Dubai

Hushpuppies Dubai

Suiteblanco Dubai

H&M Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Aldo Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Ullapopken Dubai

Karen. Millen Dubai

Damas Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Pumkinpatch Dubai

Dune Dubai

Dubai Marina Mall Dubai

Koton Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

La Senza Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Mothercare Dubai

Beyond the Beach Grosvenor House - Al Sufouh Road - Dubai

Destinationmaternity Dubai

Monsoon Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Nike Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Naracamicie Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Patriziapepe Dubai

Marina Mall Dubai

Nine Wst Dubai

Juicy Couture Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Seduce Dubai Marina Mall

Reiss Dubai Marina Mall - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

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Maybury, Dubai Marina Dubai

Marina Walk Dubai

Oasis Beach Hotel 1 United Arab Emirates

Oasis Beach Hotel 2 United Arab Emirates

Jumeira, Royal Meridian 1 United Arab Emirates

Jumeira, Royal Meridian 2 United Arab Emirates

Mina Al Siyahi, Le Meridien Hotel 1 United Arab Emirates

Murjan Parking Garage Jumeirah Beach Residence - Dubai

Valtrans Transportation Systems and Services JLT - Cluster F - HDS Tower - 27th Floor - Sheikh Zayed Road - Dubai

Clubs, Kinos & Casinos:

Meydan Beach Club Dubai

Embassy Dubai Grosvenor House Dubai, Al Sufouh Road, P O Box 118500

Reel Cinema - Dubai Marina Mall Dubai

Helio Lounge Trident Bayside - Dubai

Favoritething Dubai

Tiny Town Play lounge Jumeirah Lakes Towers - Dubai

Yin Yang, Massage in Dubai JBR, Jumeirah walk Based on Suha Hotel Apartments - PL Floor, Behind Movenpic hotel, Sadaf 3, Dubai

1847 Men's Salon Grosvenor House Hotel, 4th Floor Al Sufouh Road - Dubai

Dreamworks Spa & Massage Marina Cascades, Next to JLT Metro Station, Dubai Marina - Dubai

Dreamworks Spa & Massage Marina Sail - Dubai

Diamondlease Rent A Car - Habtoor Grand Resort and Spa Lobby Level, Habtoor Grand Resort and Spa, Dubai Marina - Dubai

If you are an Electrical, Mechanical or Fire Engineer with plans to seek out a new career challenge, we want to talk to you.

We might also be your next employer. Please click on 'Apply Now' and submit your resume.

PROJECT DIRECTOR (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : A graduate in Engineering with specialization in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering with a PG in management. 15 to 18 years of experience, out of which minimum 7 years as General Manager or Heading an SBU (Strategic Business Unit) for overall achieving overall profitability Well experienced in Electromechanical Contracting Job Description :

Reports to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). Supervises directly the Engineering Manager – Mechanical & Electrical; Senior Projects Manager / Projects Manager; Section Head – Mechanical Design & Electrical Design; Contracts Engineer; Planning Engineer; Testing, Commissioning & Service Assistant Manager; Works Manager; Senior QA_QC Manager and HSE Manager besides any other PMT key personnel as decided by CEO from time to time.

Ensure the resources at Site – Man / Machine / Material on time against the programme

Overall monitoring of the progress of the project

Maintaining & improving customer satisfaction

Post contract administration. Ensuring regular billing / cash flow

Ensure the cost effectiveness of all project related activities and to meet cost target

Technical & Commercial advice regarding material / manpower / valuation / subcontract’s payment claims

Ensure all letters, queries from client / consultant are answered promptly

Ensure the Safety and welfare of his team member

PROJECT MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineers with proven track record on completing projects Must possess strong Leadership and Communications skills. both Written & Verbal Minimum 15 years experience, out of which at least 10 years in GCC with well reputed large MEP Companies Job Description :

Project Manager (MEP) position is fully responsible to successfully manage, execute, complete and handover multiple MEP projects viz, Infrastructure, Star Hotel, High Rise Towers, Airport, Metro, etc. The term MEP includes HVAC, Plumbing, Drainage, Fire Fighting, & Electrical Systems. The key responsibility includes commitment to ensure timely completion of project within approved budgets on cost, resources without compromising on Quality & Safety. Other responsibilities include but not limited to the following:

Attending regular meetings (on work progress, coordination, design, etc.) with Main Contractor and Consultant to discuss key issues related to project and take effective corrective actions.

Monitoring project budget and schedule and oversee performance to ensure on time, quality and on budget project execution.

Coordinate with design team on all aspects of design.

Prepares periodic reports for management including status of budgets, variance/change claims, schedules, disputes, up-coming activities & safety records.

Ensures all technical aspects of projects are strictly complied with and in conformity with Terms of contract, Particular specifications, General specifications, Contract Drawing & BOQ.

Ensures that the health and safety requirements are provided and that they comply with related regulations.

Provide guidance, managerial, technical support to complete project team.

Analyze drawings, specifications and statements of work in the preparation of activity networks for project resource planning and scheduling.

Prepare program master schedule and perform critical path analysis.

Prepare plans and schedules, status reports and performance evaluation.

Provide program planning capabilities including interfaces and risks analysis.

Establish and monitor program and project controls KPIs.

Ensure program policies and procedures are implemented.

Develop action and recovery plans to support program delivery on time.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineers with proven track record on completing projects Must possess strong Leadership and Communication skills, both written and verbal Overall 12 years experience, out of which minimum 10 years in MEP Projects Job Description :

Employee responsibility include but not limited to total Site Management, Site Installation, Supervision, Testing & Commissioning, handing over besides Planning, Scheduling, Material Submittal, Shop Drawings, interacting with Clients/Consultants, besides attend/conduct meetings with external and internal Agencies. Besides, the employee is responsible to prepare weekly and daily plan against the programme, check available resources at site and report to Project Manager, review material requests from Project engineer, read and understand drawings/specification/standard and ensure that the incumbent’s team has performed what has been assigned; control wastage of resource, ensure safe working environment, develop and implement working method statement for all critical operations, arrange tools and equipments required, review all NCRs to propose corrective measures, ensure approved corrective actions are implemented, minimize rework by doing work right at first, ensure timely completion of inspection, discuss and resolve inter-discipline issues, review all comments given by Consultant/Main Contractor/QA QC and initiate remedial measures; review quality reports and take action, attend programme/technical/quality meeting with Project manager, to exercise full control on subcontractor and their workers, etc.

ENGINEERING MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineers with proven track record on completing projects Must possess strong Leadership and Communication skills both written & verbal Overall 10 years experience, out of which minimum 5 years in GCC Job Description :

ELECTRICAL Employee responsibility include but not limited to all aspects of Electrical Design work, getting desired work performance from assigned department staff, preparation of project programme in close coordination and inputs provided by Projects Dept. preparation of equipment / material schedules and submittal of equipment / material submittals and O & M Manuals, preparation & submittal of drawings schedules / design / shop drawings / As built drawings, Engineering assistance / advice to Purchase Dept. for P. O. items (equipments only), Engineering related correspondence / attending meetings with Client / Main Contractor / Consultants, coordination with Projects Dept. to meet any contingencies / urgent project requirements, leading a team of design Engineers / Auto Cad Draftsman and file keeping for above works.

MECHANICAL Employee responsibility includes all aspect of Design works for HVAC, Plumbing, Drainage & Fire Fighting Works including preparation of project programme, preparation of Design / Shop drawing schedules and submittal of Design / Shop drawings, Design calculations, Engineering assistance to various departments, Engineering related correspondences, attending meetings with clients / main contractors / consultants, coordination with projects dept. to meet any contingencies / urgent project requirements, leading a team of Engineers and ACAD Draughtsman for above works.

PLANNING MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering or Equivalent 8 years of Experience (of which minimum 5 years experience in Gulf areas) Job Description :

Reporting to Director-Operations. Employee supervises Planning Engineers / Assistant Planning Engineers. Responsabilidades:

Evolve, develop & implement plan for MEP services inline with master plan

Sequence operations / services / installations have on the site condition / requirements

Submit the plan to client / consultant and obtain the approval

Determine the milestone and closely monitor the program towards set milestones

Plan the man/material/method/machine and report to Project Manager

Monitor the program on a weekly basis

Determine the critical part activities for work area and work discipline

Prepare recovery plan for the deviations

Identify the reported activities which have the critical or potential impact on progress.

Prepare extension of time (EOT) if necessary

Discuss with client / consultant and agree on new completion date based on EOT

Study the time implementation on variation jobs and submit for approval.

CONTRACTS MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineers with Proven track record on completing projects Must possess strong Leadership and Communication skills both written and verbal Overall 10 years experience, out of which minimum 5 years in related field of specialization Job Description :

Contracts Professionals are fully responsible to successfully manage all aspects of MEP Contracting activity related to various projects, viz, Infrastructure, Star Hotel, High Rise Towers, Airport, and Metro etc. Contract Management system activities such as Contract Administration, Change Orders/ Variation, Claims, EOT, Monthly Valuation Claims, Final Account, etc. and commercial activities including but not limited to overseeing and coordinating procurement activities from inception to project completion besides submitting monthly management reports (MIS).

COMMERCIAL MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineers with Proven track record on completing projects Must possess strong Leadership and Communication skills both written and verbal. Overall 10 years experience, out of which minimum 5 years in related field of specialization Job Description :

Commercial Professionals are fully responsible to successfully manage all aspects of MEP Contracting activity related to various projects, viz, Infrastructure, Star Hotel, High Rise Towers, Airport, and Metro etc. Contract Management system activities such as Contract Administration, Change Orders/ Variation, Claims, EOT, Monthly Valuation Claims, Final Account, etc. and commercial activities including but not limited to overseeing and coordinating procurement activities from inception to project completion besides submitting monthly management reports (MIS).

PROCUREMENT MANAGER (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Degree in Mechanical – Electrical Engineering with MBA or other specialization. Sound knowledge of the purchase procedures Negotiating skills A clear and transparent person who always value Company’s interests as first and foremost. 10 to 15 years of Experience, out of which minimum 5 years in managerial position in GCC countries Job Description :

Reporting to Chief Executive Officer. Employee supervises Procurement Engineers and data entry operators Responsibilities:

Detailed Materials Planning (To reduce number of LPO’s re-ordering etc.).

Inventory Control (Reduce non-moving Stores Stock).

Oversee Procurement Department activity.

Conducting Pre-final Negotiation along with Estimation Manager.

Increasing vendor database to obtain better prices and credit payment terms.

PROCUREMENT ENGINEERS (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Degree/ Diploma in Mechanical / Electrical Engineering Must be clean and possesses strong Leadership, Communication and Negotiation Skills both written & verbal Minimum 5 years experience in field of materials and services procurement for MEP services Job Description :

The Key responsibility include but not limited to handling efficiently all procurement activities related to HVAC, Plumbing, Drainage, Fire Fighting Sprinkler, Electrical and associated spare parts, Consumables, etc.. Responsibilities:-

To procure equipment, materials & systems complying to project Quality and Specification requirements.

To procure materials and subcontract in timely manner within approved budgeted cost.

Prior to ordering, to check all ex-stocks availability in central stores and sub stores.

To ensure timely delivery of equipment, material & systems to support site installation works as per approved work program.

All procurement process should conform to management approved procedures and policies with respect to time, cost, and quality.

Prepare documentation for internal process as per ISO Standards.

Excess materials from sites shall be returned back to central stores on monthly basis.

Develop and maintain good relations with suppliers and subcontractors.

Maintain company reputation & credibility by fair dealings and prompt payment.

Overall 5 years experience, out of which minimum 2 years in MEP

PROJECT ENGINEERS (MEP)

Date: Thursday, February 25, 2016 Qualification Required : Graduate Engineer with proven track record on completing projects The ideal Candidate should have exposure and experience in working of MEP services Minimum 5 years experience in related field of specialization Job Description :

Project Engineer (Mechanical / Electrical) is fully responsible to successfully execute complete and handover multiple MEP projects related to Infrastructure, Star Hotel, High Rise Towers, Airport, Metro, etc. PROJECT ENGINEER - MECHANICAL The Employee responsibility includes but not limited to Supervision of Mechanical Works (HVAC, Plumbing, and Drainage & Fire Fighting Systems). The employee should be able to read shop drawings, prepare material take off, coordinate with Stores, / Procurement dept. to arrange materials and effectively use the material at site avoiding wastage and effective utilization of manpower. PROJECT ENGINEER - ELECTRICAL The employee responsibility include but not limited to planning and supervising site installation activities related to complete Electrical works including cabling, termination, power, fire alarm, telephone, security, CCTV, MATV, lighting protection and installation of Electrical Panels, DB’s etc. assistance during testing, commissioning and handling over etc. To be partially involved in planning, scheduling, material submittals and shop drawings activities.

Al Dousor International Co Ltd Dosropaw commenced its business as trading est. Since 1992 when it was branched out of mother company CEPCO with the name of: Al Dousor Trading Establishment. doing business with most important utilities and customers in Saudi Arabia such as, Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), Marafiq, Sabic, Sea-Port, Civil Defence, Private operation & maintenance companies. The company has now up-graded to Limited Liability Company due to expansion of its business activities and increase in turn-over.

Since 2007 Al Dousor International Company has changed its image from trader to a company which can provide complete equipment and services including turn-key projects. To support this ability, engineers and highly qualified specialists have been employed in addition to previous and existing experties.

The success of our business is shared with our worldwide partners and joint ventures like System Separation AB, Severn Trent De Nora, Solvay, Rhodia, AREVA, ABB, Siemens and Others. We never had any financial issue with any of our partners. We always fulfil our commitments and obligations in time, our in time payments guarantee the flexible and diaphanous dealings

Al Dousor International Co Ltd. has three major divisions:

Chemical

Comercio

Constructions

By: Julie Day

¡Ayuda! We bought a great house, but soon learned that when it rains, the water runs toward the house and foundation, causing flooding. The cost of professional grading is prohibitive, but we aren’t physically able to do a major DIY grading job ourselves. ¿Algunas ideas? - Brenda

A French drain around the perimeter of your house would be a great, inexpensive way to divert water runoff without having to regrade the entire yard. Think of a French drain as an underground “gutter” system that collects and drains water before it enters your home’s foundation.

Building a French drain involves digging a 12” to 18” deep channel, that slopes downhill to route water toward a chosen exit point away from the house (make sure you know the location of buried utility lines and pipes before digging). You then put corrugated plastic pipe in the channel, and fill the hole to the top with gravel. Water is lazy – it chooses the path of least resistance – so it will fall into your channels and be diverted before it reaches your foundation.

A French drain will require some heavy digging, as well as hauling and shoveling gravel. It also requires careful planning, as the channels must slope properly or water will collect in them without running off. However, once you’ve planned your design, you could enlist the help of friends, family, or even hired laborers to help with the physical work. Alternately, you could hire a licensed landscape contractor to build the French drain for you, and it would likely be much less expensive than regrading the entire yard or building retaining walls.

In addition to the French drain, make sure any rainwater from your roof is directed away from the foundation of your home – you’d be surprised how much water can be eliminate that way. If you have gutters, extend the downspouts away from the foundation or toward the French Drain.

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3 Comments on “Fixing Foundation Drainage Problems with a French Drain”

You can follow comments to this article by subscribing to the RSS news feed with your favorite feed reader.

Do you need a “vent” on a French drain type system? Water flows well then backs up then flows well again. Have a 4″ pipe that will get half full during heavy rain.

Water is draining down the driveway partly dumping into my carport and down the foundation into my crawl space. Will a French drain help, and how costly, would it be? The home is in the Atlanta area.

What type of person do I call to get an estimate for a french outside drain? We also have irrigation system so I assume I’ll have to call the people that take care of that to locate and maybe relocate some fo the sprinkler pipes and heads? Do I need a gutter person or what kind of trade person? My husband passed away and I’m not much in the know about these kinds of things. I’d appreciate any help you could give me regarding this. I live in central Florida. Thank you in advance for your assistance. Pat LoPi

¡Queremos escuchar de ti! In addition to posting comments on articles and videos, you can also send your comments and questions to us on our contact page or at (800) 946-4420. While we can't answer them all, we may use your question on our Today's Homeowner radio or TV show, or online at todayshomeowner. com.

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Our business roots go back in history to 1921 when Sheikh AbdulRahman S. Alsuhaimi started our family business in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. However, his business experience started earlier than that when he moved with his father to Kuwait from Onizah in search of better business opportunities. After few years of trading in foodstuff in Kuwait and Bahrain an opportunity rose in a place called Jubail, a small port in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, for good business possibilities. Seeking to improve sales of a stagnant stock in Kuwait he decided to move to Jubail and test the market. To his surprise the market was great and the town had a promising future. Trust, Honesty, and cooperation were pillars of Sheikh AbdulRahman S. Alsuhaimi business conduct. His first trading post in Alsafat in Jubail was

the point at which he made not only good business contact but also a lasting friendship with Jubail community. In 1948 Sheikh AbdulRahman S. Alsuhaimi and business associates purchased a lot of equipment from the British army in Dubai, UAE. The equipment purchased was for the purpose of reselling it in Bahrain and Jubail. Most of the equipment purchased was sold except for a water well drilling rig. Sheikh AbdulRahman S. Alsuhaimi decided to operate this equipment with the help of ARAMCO in order to benefit the community by increasing water supply from wells and to hopefully benefit financially. After encountering few difficulties in running the rig the partners were successful and drilled the first water well in Jubail for Sheikh Ali Alsalim Almahfood.

With the help of Sheikh AbdulAziz Alsuhaimi, the son of Sheikh AbdulRahman, Suhaimi Drilling was established. Many large-scale projects were awarded to Suhaimi Drilling from the time Sheikh AbdulAziz toke control of the company. The projects awarded to Suhaimi Drilling included large organization clients such as ARAMCO, SCECO, government ministries, and foreign governments. Projects like Umm Arudmah in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia, and Ministry of agriculture water wells in Yemen made us a leader in this field and reemphasized our name as reliable, trustworthy organization.

In the Mid вЂ˜80s and due to the slowdown of the Saudi economy Mr. Mosaad Alsuhaimi, Suhaimi Drilling general Manager, decided to diversify our activities to include water pumps trading and services. This diversification proved to be a great decision for the company future as a supporting service to our drilling contracts. The water pumps division improved its services during the 1990вЂ™s to include manufacturing and assembly of water pump boosters and fire fighting booster systems and other services related to sewage and water pumps. As a drilling company and after compiling many years of experience in the drilling services our company also ventured into the piling and soil improvement industry. Our combined experience and our board of directors recent resolution to renew all of our piling equipment made us one of very few companies in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf that can manage to work and accomplish three major projects in three different GCC countries at the same time. PrestigeвЂ™s projects have been awarded to our Piling and Foundations Division from known organizations such as ARAMCO, SCECO, SABIC, and other known and well-established companies. In 2001, the partners in Alsuhaimi Holding Group elected to build a commercial center in a newly developed area of Dammam called Faisalyh. The decision to build this commercial center has been the dream of our president for a long time and has been established after a feasibility study has been conducted and proved its worthiness. The construction process of the commercial center finished in late 2004 and was opened for business in January 2005.

Many other divisions are under consideration for development or have already started the process of development such as Travel & Tours Division, building material trading division, and civil contracting. Our faith in God and our adherence to our founder pillars of business conduct TRUST, HONESTY, & UNDERSTANDING are the means of achieving our company goals and objectives.

The national voice for the wastewater management industry

The Power of NAWT Membership at Work for You.

NAWT members enjoy these benefits and more:

$100 Off Training Certificates

One Free Admission to WWETT (formerly Pumper Expo)

Free Annual Pumper Subscription

19% Off Verizon Wireless*

Endorsed Property & Casualty Insurance

National Representation & Industry Professionalism

NAWTвЂ™s National Training & Certificate Programs

*Certain restrictions apply

Training is the Key to Your Success.

NAWT training programs are tailored for pumpers, service providers, installers, inspectors, consultants and engineers. They include:

Basic and Inspector Training

Operations and maintenance

Vacuum Truck Technician

Onsite Installer

Waste Treatment Symposium

Learn more about Training

Upcoming Training

UA/NAWT In-depth Technology-specific Education May 10, 2016 Prescott, AZ Instructor: David Gustafson, P. E. and James Anderson, Ph. D. Contact: Bernadette Capossela - bcaposse@email. arizona. edu - Tel: 520.621.3691 More Info

NAWT Inspection Training & Workshop August 29-30, 2016 Casa Grande, AZ Instructor: Kitt Farrell - Poe Contact: Bernadette Capossela - bcaposse@email. arizona. edu - Tel: 520.621.3691

UA/NAWT Soil & Site Evaluation for Onsite Wastewater Systems October 17-18, 2016 TBD, AZ Instructor: Kitt Farrell - Poe Contact: Bernadette Capossela - bcaposse@email. arizona. edu - Tel: 520.621.3691

NAWT/ OWTS Installer Course March 11, 2016 Boulder, CO Instructor: Kim Seipp Contact: Lisa Nicoll - cpow@cpow. net - Tel: 720.626.8989

NAWT/OWTS Design Class March 17-18, 2016 Boulder, CO Instructor: Warrant Brown/Kate Carney/Simon Farrell/Roger Shafer Contact: Lisa Nicoll - cpow@cpow. net - Tel: 720.626.8989

CO Soils Assessment May 19-20, 2016 Golden, CO Instructor: Warren Brown/Roy Laws Contact: Lisa Nicoll - cpow@cpow. net - Tel: 720.626.8989

NAWT Inspector Training Course May 24-25, 2016 Fairground and Multi-Purpose Building 275 S Spruce St, Gunnison, CO Contact: Crystal Lambert - clambert@gunnisoncounty. org - Tel: 970-641-7688

NAWT Inspector Course November 17-18, 2016 TBD, CO Instructor: Kim Seipp/Warren Brown Contact: Lisa Nicoll - cpow@cpow. net - Tel: 720.626.8989

Onsite Wastewater Mega-Conference October 26-29, 2016 Reno, NV

8th Waste Trearment Symposium August 23-24, 2017 Apollo, PA

NAWT Inspection Training & Workshop March 18-19, 2016 New Braunfels, TX Instructor: Brian Murphy Contact: Brian Murphy - brian@a-action. com - 817-467-0213

NAWT Inspection Training & Workshop September 23-24, 2016 Arlington, TX Instructor: Brian Murphy Contact: Brian Murphy - brian@a-action. com - 817-467-0213

Mar 31, 2016 - 2pm-4pm ET Online Webinar Community Septic System Owners Guide Contact: Dendra Best - info@wastewatereducation. org - 231 233 1806 More Info

Apr 13, 2016 - 2pm-4pm ET Online Webinar Community Septic System Owners Guide Contact: Dendra Best - info@wastewatereducation. org - 231 233 1806 More Info

EPA MOU Partnership Releases Papers Supporting the Onsite Wastewater Industry

Each paper focuses on one of four topic areas of decentralized wastewater treatment, demonstrating how decentralized wastewater treatment can be: (1) a sensible solution; (2) cost effective and economical; (3) green and sustainable; and (4) protective of the environment, public health, and water quality.

RESERVA

Apollo, PA: Wednesday, Aug. 23 вЂ“ Thursday, Aug. 24, 2017

8th Waste Treatment Symposium If you spend more that $300,000 per year in disposal costs. you need to be here. Don't miss this opportunity to learn about how to make money with your disposal options. Tour of a working facility, case studies, vendor presentations, will all guide you through the decision making process!

We want toВ hear what YOU have to say!

Coming Soon: NAWT Education Sub-committee presents: Hydraulic Load Test Standard DRAFT HLT Procedure Document Draft More HLT Discussion for Part II

SWEGON COOLING PROFILE:

30-YEARS OF QUALITY SERVICE

Formerly Coolmation, we have a deep understanding of industrial cooling, capable of tackling virtually any application with ease. We have supplied reliable, energy efficient cooling solutions to most sectors including Aerospace, Automotive, Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food and Beverage, Packaging and Plastics, Data Centres and many more.

We manufacture the BlueBox brand of chillers, which means you benefit from dealing direct rather than through an agent or distributor. Total factory support is guaranteed with genuine 24/7 after sales support.

Industrial Cooling Systems

Industrial cooling systems are central to many types of manufacturing processes which create, or input heat at some stage of the process. This can include the heat required to convert a raw material from one state to another, or the frictional heat generated by the machinery creating the product, or a combination of both.

At some stage during the process, this heat has to be removed and is generally achieved by introducing a flow of chilled or cooled water into which absorbs the heat, but the main requirements are that it is at a constant temperature and flow rate.

The benefits of a properly designed and installed water cooling system, as well as making the industrial process possible, include cycle time consistency, quality production and fewer rejects.

Coolmation industrial cooling products and services include Water Cooling Towers , Air Blast Coolers . Gylcol Chillers and Water Chillers . For more information visit www. swegoncooling. co. uk. .

Swegon Cooling has 30 years experience of the application of process cooling systems within a diverse range of industries.

Copyright Swegon Cooling Ltd. Unit 7, Millstream Trading Estate, Christchurch Rd, Ringwood, Hampshire, BH24 3SD. Freephone: 0800 093 7929 | website design. orbital

Airports Support Services

A collaborative effort of several hundred technicians, coupled with over thirty years of experience in the industry, has enabled SATCO, through its Airports Systems Division (ASD), to become a premier provider of Airports Support Services in the region.

General Contracting and Construction

Since 1975, SATCO has been supplying General Contracting and Construction services to the industry. The company’s first construction project, building prefabricated schools in Hofuf, was completed just one year after its inception.

Integrated Facilities Management

As a result of continuous efforts and developments in this field, SATCO’s Integrated Facilities Management Division (IFMD) was created.

Operations and Maintenance

SATCO upholds the utmost of its values in meeting all the sanitation and safety standards required; moreover, SATCO adheres to international standards on ecological and environmental safety.

Catering and Total Life Support

SATCO’s catering and total life support services began in the late 1970s through delivering its services to various manual labor camps in the Industrial Cities of Jubail and Yanbu.

Landscaping and Irrigation

Due to the arid climate found throughout the region, landscaping and irrigation has become both a serious challenge and a growing market.

Environmental and Waste Management

SATCO’s Environmental and Waste Management services include city cleaning, solid waste management and landfill operations.

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аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№ЃаёҐаё°аёљаёЈаёЈаё”аёІаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёњаё№аёЎаёµаёаё±аё™аё€аё°аёЃаёґаё™аёЉаёІаё§аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаёаёµаёЃаёЃаё§аёІ 200,000 аё„аё™ аё—аёµа№€аё™а№ЌаёІа№Ђаё‡аёґаё™а№Ђаё‚аёІаё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аёЃаё§аёІ 2000 аёҐаёІаё™а№Ђаё«аёЈаёµаёўаёЌ а№ЂаёЃаёґаё”аёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё—аё—аёµа№€аё—а№ЌаёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃа№ѓаё™аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аёаёµаёЃаёЈаё§аёЎаёћаё±аё™аёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё — аё€аёІаёЃаё‚аёа№Ђаё—а№‡аё€аё€аёЈаёґаё‡аё”аё±аё‡аёЃаёҐаёІаё§ аёЈаё§аёЎ аё–аё¶аё‡аё—аёµа№€аё•аё±а№‰аё‡аё—аёІаё‡аё аё№аёЎаёґаёЁаёІаёЄаё•аёЈ а№ЃаёҐаё°а№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё°аё™а№‚аёўаёљаёІаёўаёЄаё‡а№ЂаёЄаёЈаёґаёЎаё«аёҐаёІаёўаёЈаё№аё›а№Ѓаёљаёљаё‚аёаё‡аёЈаё±аёђаёљаёІаёҐаё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™ аё€аё¶аё‡аё—а№ЌаёІа№ѓаё«аё€аёаёЈ а№Ѓаё”аё™аёЃаёҐаёІаёўа№Ђаё›аё™ вЂњаё›аёЈаё°аё•аё№аёЄаё№аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃвЂќ аёаёўаёІаё‡а№Ѓаё—аё€аёЈаёґаё‡ вЂњRebuild IraqвЂќ аё€аё¶аё‡а№ЂаёЃаёґаё”а№ѓаё™аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁаёЈаёаёља№† аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€аёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌа№† аёаёўаёІаё‡а№ЂаёЉаё™ аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™ аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё•аёЇ а№Ѓаё«аё‡аё™аёµа№‰а№Ђаё›аё™аё«аё™аё¶а№€аё‡а№ѓаё™ 25 а№Ѓаё«аё‡аё—аё±а№€аё§а№‚аёҐаёЃаё—аёµа№€аёЈаё±аёђаёљаёІаёҐаёЃа№ЌаёІаё«аё™аё”а№Ђаё›аё™аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈ аёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё•аёЇ аёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌа№ЂаёЉаёґаё‡аёўаёёаё—аё˜аёЁаёІаёЄаё•аёЈ аё«аёЈаё·аёаё—аёµа№€а№ЂаёЈаёµаёўаёЃаё§аёІ вЂњStrategic PostвЂќ а№ЃаёҐаё°аёЃа№‡а№Ђаё›аё™ Strategic Post а№Ѓаё«аё‡а№Ђаё”аёµаёўаё§аё—аёµа№€ аёЎаёµаё•аё±аё§а№Ѓаё—аё™аё€аёІаёЃаёЃаёЈаё°аё—аёЈаё§аё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё•аёІаё‡аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁ а№Ђаёћаёµаёўаё‡аё«аё™аё§аёўаё‡аёІаё™а№Ђаё”аёµаёўаё§ а№‚аё”аёўа№ѓаё™аёЉаё§аё‡аё—аёµа№€аёњаёІаё™аёЎаёІ аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉ аё—аё№аё•аёЇ а№„аё”аё›аёЈаё°аёЄаёІаё™аё€аё±аё”а№ѓаё«аё„аё“аё°аёћаёаё„аёІаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€а№„аё—аёўаё—аёµа№€аёЎаёІа№Ђаёўаё·аёаё™аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аёћаёљаё›аё°аёЃаё±аёљаёћаёаё„аёІаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аё—аё±а№‰аё‡аё€аёаёЈ а№Ѓаё”аё™а№ЃаёҐаё°аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃ а№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё°аё‡аёІаё™ вЂњExport RallyвЂќ аёЄаё‡аёњаёҐа№ѓаё«аёќаёІаёўа№„аё—аёўаёЄаёІаёЎаёІаёЈаё–аё‚аёІаёўаёЄаёґаё™аё„аёІа№„аё”аёЈаё§аёЎаёЃаё§аёІ 700 аёҐаёІаё™ аёљаёІаё — а№ѓаё™а№Ѓаё‡аёЎаё№аёҐаё„аёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№„аё—аёў-аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё›аё—аёµа№€а№ЃаёҐаё§ а№ЃаёЎаё•аё±аё§а№ЂаёҐаё‚аё€аё°а№Ђаёћаёµаёўаё‡аё›аёЈаё°аёЎаёІаё“ 3,558 аёҐаёІаё™аёљаёІаё — а№Ѓаё•аё—аёµа№€аё™аёІ аёЄаё±аё‡а№ЂаёЃаё•аё„аё·аё аёЎаё№аёҐаё„аёІаё™а№ЌаёІа№Ђаё‚аёІаё€аёІаёЃа№„аё—аёўа№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаёЄаё№аё‡аё‚аё¶а№‰аё™ а№Ђаё‰аёҐаёµа№€аёў 2 аё› (2546-2547) аё–аё¶аё‡аё›аёҐаё° 38.8% а№ЃаёҐаё°аё«аёІаёЃаё€аё° аёћаёґаё€аёІаёЈаё“аёІа№ѓаё™аёЄаё§аё™аё‚аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё—аёµа№€аёЎаё№аёҐаё„аёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃа№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаё‚аё¶а№‰аё™аёаёўаёІаё‡аёЎаёІаёЃаё«аёҐаёІаёўа№Ђаё—аёІаё•аё±аё§аё«аёҐаё±аё‡аёЄаё‡аё„аёЈаёІаёЎ аёЃа№‡аёўаёґа№€аё‡аё€аё° а№Ђаё«а№‡аё™а№„аё”аёЉаё±аё”а№Ђаё€аё™аё–аё¶аё‡аёљаё—аёљаёІаё—аё‚аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№ѓаё™аёђаёІаё™аё°а№Ђаё›аё™аё›аёЈаё°аё•аё№аёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌаё—аёІаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаёЄаё№аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаёаёўаёІаё‡а№Ѓаё—аё€аёЈаёґаё‡ а№‚аё”аёўаё•аёЈаё°аё«аё™аё±аёЃаё–аё¶аё‡аёЁаё±аёЃаёўаё аёІаёћаё—аёµа№€аёЎаёµаёаёўаё№аё€аёЈаёґаё‡аё‚аёаё‡аё•аёҐаёІаё”аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё”аё±аё‡аёЃаёҐаёІаё§ а№ЃаёҐаё°аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌаё‚аёаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаёЄаёЈаёІаё‡ а№‚аёаёЃаёІаёЄа№ЃаёҐаё°аёЎаёёаё‡аё«аёІаё•аёҐаёІаё”а№ѓаё«аёЎаё—аёІаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ѓаё«аё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€а№„аё—аёўаё•аёІаёЎаё™а№‚аёўаёљаёІаёўаёЈаё±аёђаёљаёІаёҐ аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё•аёЇ аё€аё¶аё‡ а№„аё”аё›аёЈаё°аёЄаёІаё™аё€аё±аё”а№ѓаё«аё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аё€аёІаёЃаё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№„аё—аёўаё€а№ЌаёІаё™аё§аё™аё«аёҐаёІаёўаёЄаёґаёљаёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё—аёћаёљаё›аё°аёЃаё±аёљаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аё—аё±а№‰аё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№ЃаёҐаё°аёаёґ аёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё•аёЇ а№ѓаё™аёЉаё§аё‡аё‡аёІаё™ Rebuild Iraq 2005 аёЈаё°аё«аё§аёІаё‡аё§аё±аё™аё—аёµа№€ 4 аё–аё¶аё‡ 7 а№ЂаёЎ. аёў. 2548 а№ЃаёҐаё°а№„аё” аё›аёЈаё°аёЎаё§аёҐаёЈаё§аёљаёЈаё§аёЎаёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё—а№ЃаёҐаё°аёЃаёҐаёёаёЎаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аё•аёІаё‡а№† аё—аёµа№€аё—а№ЌаёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё‚аё¶а№‰аё™ а№Ђаёћаё·а№€аёаё›аёЈаё°а№‚аёўаёЉаё™а№ѓаё™аёЃаёІаёЈаё•аёґаё”аё•аё а№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаёћаё№аё™аё—аёІаё‡аё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ѓаё«аё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€а№„аё—аёў аё‹аё¶а№€аё‡аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё•аёЇ аё«аё§аё±аё‡аё§аёІаё€аё°а№Ђаё›аё™аё›аё€аё€аё±аёўаёЉаё§аёўа№ѓаё«а№ЂаёЃаёґаё” аёЃаёІаёЈаё•аё·а№€аё™аё•аё±аё§ а№ЃаёҐаё°аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёћаёЈаёаёЎаё‚аёаё‡аё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€а№„аё—аёўаё—аёµа№€аё€аё°аёЎаёІаёљаёёаёЃа№ЃаёҐаё°а№Ѓаё‚аё‡аё‚аё±аё™а№ѓаё™аё•аёҐаёІаё”а№Ѓаё«аё‡аё™аёµа№‰аёаёўаёІаё‡аё€аёЈаёґаё‡аё€аё±аё‡ (аё™аёІаёўаё§аёґаёљаё№аёҐаёў аё„аё№аёЄаёЃаёёаёҐ) а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё• аёЄаёІаёЈаёљаё±аёЌ 1. аё„а№ЌаёІаё™а№ЌаёІ 2. вЂњаё—а№ЌаёІа№„аёЎаё•пњ‹аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈпњЋа№Ѓаё”аё™?вЂќ 3. аё‚пњ‹аёаёЎаё№аёҐаёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аё€аёаёЈпњЋа№Ѓаё”аё™а№ЃаёҐаё°аёаёґаёЈаё± аёЃ аёЄпњЉаё§аё™аё—аёµа№€ 1) аёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё—аё€аёаёЈпњЋа№Ѓаё”аё™аё—аёµа№€аё—а№ЌаёІаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€а№ѓаё™а№‚аё„аёЈаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаёџпњ„пњ”аё™аёџаё№аёљаё№аёЈаё“аё°аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃ аёЄпњЉаё§аё™аё—аёµа№€ 2) аёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґ аё€аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€а№Ђаё‚пњ‹аёІаёЈпњЉ аё§аёЎаё‡аёІаё™ Rebuild Iraq 2005 Exhibition аё—аёµа№€аёЃаёЈаёёаё‡аёаё±аёЎаёЎаёІаё™ аёЈаё°аё«аё§пњЉаёІаё‡аё§аё±аё™аё—аёµа№€ 4-7 а№ЂаёЎаё©аёІаёўаё™ 2548 аёЄпњЉаё§аё™аё—аёµа№€ 3) аёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґ аё€аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€а№Ђаё”аёґаё™аё—аёІаё‡аёЎаёІаё•аёґаё”аё•пњЉаёаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёЃаёІаёЈаё„пњ‹аёІа№ѓаё™аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№„аё—аёў аёЈаё°аё«аё§пњЉаёІаё‡аё›пњ‚ 2547-2548 аёЄпњЉаё§аё™аё—аёµа№€ 4) CompaniesвЂ™ Profile аё‚аёаё‡аёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё—аё€аёаёЈпњЋ а№Ѓаё”аё™аё—аёµа№€аё—а№ЌаёІаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃ *********************** аёЈаё§аёљаёЈаё§аёЎа№‚аё”аёў аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё• аё“ аёЃаёЈаёёаё‡а№ЃаёљаёЃа№Ѓаё”аё” (аёЄа№ЌаёІаё™аё±аёЃаё‡аёІаё™аёЉаё±а№€аё§аё„аёЈаёІаё§ аё“ аёЃаёЈаёёаё‡аёаё±аёЎаёЎаёІаё™) а№ЂаёЎаё©аёІаёўаё™ 2548 MAP OF JORDAN аё—а№ЌаёІа№„аёЎаё•пњ‹аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈпњЋа№Ѓаё”аё™? аё›аё€аё€аё±аёўаёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌаёЄа№ЌаёІаё«аёЈаё±аёљаё аёІаё„а№ЂаёаёЃаёЉаё™а№„аё—аёўа№ѓаё™аёЃаёІаёЈаёЎаёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№ѓаё™аёђаёІаё™аё°а№Ђаё›аё™аё›аёЈаё°аё•аё№аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№„аё›аёЄаё№аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃ аё›аёЈаё°аёЃаёІаёЈа№ЃаёЈаёЃа№„аё”а№ЃаёЃ а№ЂаёЈаё·а№€аёаё‡а№‚аё„аёЈаё‡аёЄаёЈаёІаё‡аё—аёІаё‡а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€аё‚аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё—аёµа№€а№„аё”аёЈаё±аёљаёЃаёІаёЈаёаёаёЃа№Ѓаёљаёља№ЃаёҐаё°аёћаё±аё’аё™аёІа№Ђаёћаё·а№€аёаё•аёаёљ аёЄаё™аёаё‡аё„аё§аёІаёЎаё•аёаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё‚аёаё‡аё•аёҐаёІаё”аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃа№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё° аёЃаёҐаёІаё§аё„аё·аёа№ѓаё™аёЉаё§аё‡аё«аёҐаё±аё‡аёЄаё‡аё„аёЈаёІаёЎаёаёІаё§а№Ђаё›аёаёЈа№Ђаё‹аёµаёўа№ЂаёЎаё·а№€аёаё› 2534 а№Ђаё›аё™аё•аё™аёЎаёІ аё‹аё¶а№€аё‡аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё•аёЃаёаёўаё№аё аёІаёўа№ѓаё•аёЎаёІаё•аёЈаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аё§а№€а№ЌаёІаёљаёІаё•аёЈаё—аёІаё‡а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€а№‚аё”аёўаёЄаё«аё›аёЈаё°аёЉаёІаёЉаёІаё•аёґ аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё‹аё¶а№€аё‡аёЎаёµ аё„аё§аёІаёЎа№„аё”а№Ђаё›аёЈаёµаёўаёљаё—аёІаё‡аё”аёІаё™аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёЄаё±аёЎаёћаё±аё™аё˜аё—аёµа№€а№ѓаёЃаёҐаёЉаёґаё” аёЎаёµаё—аёµа№€аё•аё±а№‰аё‡аё—аёІаё‡аё аё№аёЎаёґаёЁаёІаёЄаё•аёЈа№ЃаёҐаё°а№ЂаёЄаё™аё—аёІаё‡аё„аёЎаё™аёІаё„аёЎаё—аёµа№€аё•аёґаё”аё•аё аёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃа№„аё”аёЄаё°аё”аё§аёЃаё—аёµа№€аёЄаёёаё” а№„аё”аёЃаёҐаёІаёўа№Ђаё›аё™аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁаё„аё№аё„аёІаё«аёҐаё±аёЃаё‚аёаё‡аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃ а№‚аё”аёўаё‚аёІаёўаёЄаёґаё™аё„аёІа№Ђаёћаё·а№€аёа№ЃаёҐаёЃаё™а№‰а№ЌаёІаёЎаё±аё™аё аёІаёўа№ѓаё• а№‚аё„аёЈаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈ Oil for Food аё•аёҐаёаё”аёЈаё°аёўаё°а№Ђаё§аёҐаёІ 12 аё› 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аё•аёҐаёаё”аё€аё™аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёЈаё§аёЎаёЎаё·аёаё—аёІаё‡а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€аёЃаё±аёљаёЃаёҐаёёаёЎаё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№ЂаёЎаё”аёґа№Ђаё•аёаёЈа№ЂаёЈа№Ђаё™аёµаёўаё™ аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёЈаё§аёЎаёЎаё·аёаёЈаё°аё«аё§аёІаё‡аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁаё”аё±аё‡аёЃаёҐаёІаё§ а№ѓаё™аёЉаё§аё‡ 4-5 аё›аё—аёµа№€аёњаёІаё™аёЎаёІ аё›аёЈаё°аёЃаёаёљаёЃаё±аёљаёЄаё–аёІаё™аёЃаёІаёЈаё“аёЃаёІаёЈ а№ЂаёЎаё·аёаё‡а№ѓаё™аё аё№аёЎаёґаё аёІаё„ а№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё°аёЄаё‡аё„аёЈаёІаёЎа№ѓаё™аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃа№ЂаёЎаё·а№€аёаё› 2546 а№„аё”аёЎаёµаёњаёҐаёаёўаёІаё‡аёЎаёІаёЃаё•аёаёЃаёІаёЈаёћаё±аё’аё™аёІа№‚аё„аёЈаё‡аёЄаёЈаёІаё‡ аё—аёІаё‡а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€аё аёІаёўа№ѓаё™аё‚аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™ а№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё°а№ѓаё™аё аёІаё„аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ЃаёҐаё°аёаёёаё•аёЄаёІаё«аёЃаёЈаёЈаёЎ аё‹аё¶а№€аё‡аёЄаё§аё™а№ѓаё«аёЌаё™аёаёЃ аё€аёІаёЃаё›аёЈаёґаёЎаёІаё“аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаёЃаё±аёљаёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€а№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаё‚аё¶а№‰аё™аёаёўаёІаё‡аёЎаёІаёЃа№ЃаёҐаё§ аёўаё±аё‡аёЎаёІаё€аёІаёЃаёЃаёІаёЈаё”аё¶аё‡аё”аё№аё”аёЃаёІаёЈаёҐаё‡аё—аёёаё™ аё€аёІаёЃаё—аё±а№‰аё‡а№ѓаё™а№ЃаёҐаё° аё™аёаёЃаё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁ а№‚аё”аёўаёЃаёІаёЈа№Ѓаё›аёЈаёЈаё№аё›аёЈаё±аёђаё§аёґаёЄаёІаё«аёЃаёґаё€а№ѓаё«аё аёІаё„а№ЂаёаёЃаёЉаё™а№Ђаё‚аёІаёЎаёІаё”а№ЌаёІа№Ђаё™аёґаё™аёЃаёІаёЈ аёЃаёІаёЈаё›аёЈаё±аёљаё›аёЈаёёаё‡аёЃаёЋаё«аёЎаёІаёў аёЈаё°а№Ђаёљаёµаёўаёљаё‚аёаёљаё±аё‡аё„аё±аёљаё—аёІаё‡аё”аёІаё™а№ЃаёЈаё‡аё‡аёІаё™а№ЃаёҐаё°аё”аёІаё™аёЃаёІаёЈаё€аё±аё”а№ЂаёЃа№‡аёљаё аёІаё©аёµ а№ЃаёҐаё°аё€аё±аё”аё•аё±а№‰аё‡а№Ђаё‚аё•аёаёёаё•аёЄаёІаё«аёЃаёЈаёЈаёЎаёћаёЈаёаёЎаё—аё±а№‰аё‡ аёЎаёІаё•аёЈаёЃаёІаёЈаёЃаёІаёЈаёЄаё‡а№ЂаёЄаёЈаёґаёЎаёЃаёІаёЈаёҐаё‡аё—аёёаё™ а№Ђаёћаё·а№€аёа№ѓаёЉаёЄаёґаё—аё˜аёґаё›аёЈаё°а№‚аёўаёЉаё™аё—аёІаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІ а№ЃаёҐаё°аёЃаёІаёЈаёўаёЃа№Ђаё§аё™аё аёІаё©аёµаё€аёІаёЃаё„аё§аёІаёЎаё•аёЃ аёҐаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ЂаёЄаёЈаёµаё—аёµа№€аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аёЎаёµаёЃаё±аёљаё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁаё•аёІаё‡а№† аёЈаё§аёЎаё—аё±а№‰аё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё™а№ЌаёІа№Ђаё—аё„а№‚аё™а№‚аёҐаёўаёµаёЄаёІаёЈаёЄаё™а№Ђаё—аёЁ (аёЄаё§аё™аё«аё™аё¶а№€аё‡а№„аё”аёЈаё±аёљаёЃаёІаёЈ аёЄаё™аё±аёљаёЄаё™аёёаё™аё€аёІаёЃаёљаёЈаёґаё©аё±аё — Microsoft) аёЎаёІа№ѓаёЉа№Ђаё›аё™аёЎаёІаё•аёЈаёђаёІаё™аёЄа№ЌаёІаё«аёЈаё±аёљаё аёІаё„аёЈаё±аёђа№ЃаёҐаё°а№ЂаёаёЃаёЉаё™ а№‚аё”аёўа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё°а№ѓаё™аёЃаёІаёЈ аёљаёЈаёґаёЃаёІаёЈаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ЃаёҐаё°аёЃаёІаёЈаё˜аё™аёІаё„аёІаёЈ а№ЃаёҐаё°аё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёљаёЈаёґаёЃаёІаёЈаёаё·а№€аё™а№† аё•аё±аё§аёаёўаёІаё‡аёЄа№ЌаёІаё„аё±аёЌаё‚аёаё‡аё„аё§аёІаёЎа№Ђаё›аёҐаёµа№€аёўаё™а№Ѓаё›аёҐаё‡аё—аёІаё‡ а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€аё‚аёаё‡аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё—аёµа№€а№Ђаё«а№‡аё™а№„аё”аёЉаё±аё”а№„аё”а№ЃаёЃаёаё±аё•аёЈаёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё‚аёўаёІаёўаё•аё±аё§аё‚аёаё‡аёЎаё№аёҐаё„аёІаёЃаёІаёЈаёЄаё‡аёаёаёЃ аё€аёІаёЃаё› 2543 аёЎаё№аёҐ аё„аёІ 1,544 аёҐаёІаё™аё”аёаёҐаёҐаёІаёЈаёЄаё«аёЈаё±аёђаёЇ а№Ђаё›аё™ 2,342 аёҐаёІаё™аё”аёаёҐаёҐаёІаёЈа№ЂаёЎаё·а№€аёаё› 2546 аё«аёЈаё·аёа№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаё‚аё¶а№‰аё™аё„аёґаё”а№Ђаё›аё™аёЈаёаёўаёҐаё° 51.6 а№ЃаёҐаё°аёЃаёІаёЈаё‚аёўаёІаёўаё•аё±аё§аё‚аёаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаёҐаё‡аё—аёёаё™аё‚аёаё‡аё аёІаё„аёаёёаё•аёЄаёІаё«аёЃаёЈаёЈаёЎа№Ђаёћаё·а№€аёаёЄаё‡аёаёаёЃа№„аё›аёўаё±аё‡аё•аёҐаёІаё”аёЄаё«аёЈаё±аёђаёЇ аё аёІаёўа№ѓаё• аёЄаёґаё—аё˜аёґаёћаёґа№ЂаёЁаё©аё—аёІаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ЃаёҐаё°аё„аё§аёІаёЎаё•аёЃаёҐаё‡аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ЂаёЄаёЈаёµ а№ѓаё™а№Ђаё‚аё•аёаёёаё•аёЄаёІаё«аёЃаёЈаёЈаёЎа№Ђаё‰аёћаёІаё° (Qualified Industrial Zones) аё—аёµа№€аёЃаёЈаё°аё€аёІаёўаёаёўаё№аё—аё±а№€аё§аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁаёЃаё§аёІаёЄаёґаёља№Ѓаё«аё‡ аё„аёІаё”аё§аёІаё€аё°аёЎаёµаёЎаё№аёҐаё„аёІаёЄаё‡аёаёаёЃа№ѓаё™аё› 2548 аё›аёЈаё°аёЎаёІаё“ 1 аёћаё±аё™ аёҐаёІаё™аё”аёаёҐаёҐаёІаёЈаёЄаё«аёЈаё±аёђаёЇ (а№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаё€аёІаёЃ 5 аёҐаёІаё™аё”аёаёҐаёҐаёІаёЈаёЄаё«аёЈаё±аёђаёЇ а№ЂаёЎаё·а№€аёа№ЂаёЈаёґа№€аёЎаё€аё±аё”аё•аё±а№‰аё‡а№ѓаё™аё› 2543) аё„аё§аёІаёЎаёЄаё±аёЎаёћаё±аё™аё˜аё—аёІаё‡а№ЂаёЁаёЈаё©аёђаёЃаёґаё€аёЈаё°аё«аё§аёІаё‡а№„аё—аёўаёЃаё±аёљаё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™ а№ЃаёЎа№ѓаё™аё›аё€аё€аёёаёљаё±аё™аё€аё°аёўаё±аё‡аёЎаёµа№„аёЎаёЎаёІаёЃ а№Ѓаё•а№ЂаёЃаё·аёаёљ аё—аё±а№‰аё‡аё«аёЎаё”а№Ђаё›аё™аёЃаёІаёЈаё™а№ЌаёІа№Ђаё‚аёІаёЄаёґаё™аё„аёІа№„аё—аёўаёЎаёІаёўаё±аё‡аё•аёҐаёІаё”аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™ аё—а№ЌаёІа№ѓаё«аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™аё‚аёІаё”аё”аёёаёҐаёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІа№ѓаё«аёЃаё±аёља№„аё—аёўаё›аёҐаё° аё›аёЈаё°аёЎаёІаё“аёЃаё§аёІ 3,200 аёҐаёІаё™аёљаёІаё — а№‚аё”аёўаёЎаёµаёаё±аё•аёЈаёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё‚аёІаё”аё”аёёаёҐаёЃаё±аёља№„аё—аёўа№Ђаёћаёґа№€аёЎаё‚аё¶а№‰аё™аё€аёІаёЃаё›аёЃаёаё™а№† аё›аёҐаё°аёЈаё§аёЎ 40% аёЃаёІаёЈаё„аёІаё—аёµа№€а№ЂаёЃаёґаё”аё‚аё¶а№‰аё™аёЄаё§аё™а№ѓаё«аёЌаёћаёаё„аёІаё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№Ђаё”аёґаё™аё—аёІаё‡а№„аё›а№ЂаёҐаё·аёаёЃаё‹аё·а№‰аёаёЄаёґаё™аё„аёІаё€аёІаёЃаё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№„аё—аёў а№‚аё”аёўа№ЂаёЎаё·а№€аёаё› 2547 аёЎаёµаёЉаёІаё§аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№Ђаё”аёґаё™аё—аёІаё‡аёЎаёІа№„аё—аёўаё›аёЈаё°аёЎаёІаё“ 37,000 аё„аё™ аё‚аё“аё°аё—аёµа№€а№„аё—аёўа№Ђаё”аёґаё™аё—аёІаё‡а№„аё›аё€аёаёЈа№Ѓаё”аё™а№Ђаёћаёµаёўаё‡аё›аёЈаё°аёЎаёІаё“ 1,000 аё„аё™ аё‹аё¶а№€аё‡аё•аё±аё§а№ЂаёҐаё‚аё”аё±аё‡аёЃаёҐаёІаё§ 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а№ЂаёћаёЈаёІаё°аёњаё№а№‚аё”аёўаёЄаёІаёЈаё«аёҐаёІаёўаёЄаё§аё™а№Ђаё›аё™аёЃаёІаёЈа№Ѓаё§аё°аёњаёІаё™а№„аё—аёў а№„аё›аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё—аёЁа№ѓаёЃаёҐа№Ђаё„аёµаёўаё‡аёаё·а№€аё™а№† а№ЂаёЉаё™ аё€аёµаё™ аё«аёЈаё·аёа№ЂаёЃаёІаё«аёҐаёµа№ѓаё• аёЄаё–аёІаё™а№ЂаёаёЃаёаё±аё„аёЈаёЈаёІаёЉаё—аё№аё• аё“ аёЃаёЈаёёаё‡а№ЃаёљаёЃа№Ѓаё”аё” (аёЄа№ЌаёІаё™аё±аёЃаё‡аёІаё™аёЉаё±а№€аё§аё„аёЈаёІаё§ аё“ аёЃаёЈаёёаё‡аёаё±аёЎаёЎаёІаё™) а№ЂаёЎаё©аёІаёўаё™ 2548 List of Leading Jordanian Companies by categories who are taking active role along with American firms in the reconstruction of Iraq. 1) CONSTRUCTION Company Name Major Activity Manager Name 4-Year Turnover (US$ mn) Contact Details 1. MID Contracting Building, Water & Sewage, Telecom, Bridges & Culverts, Interior design, Electromechanical Eng. Sahel Majali 142 Tel: 5536851 Fax: 5526503 2. Hussein Atiyah for Building & Contracting Building, Water & Sewage, Bridges & Culverts Eng. Hussein Atiyah 114 Tel: 5690986 Fax: 5689886 3. Mohamad Ahmad Abu Eisha Contracting Building, Bridges & Culverts Eng. Amjad Abu Eisha 108 Tel: 5669477 Fax: 5603891 4. Concorde Construction Water & Sewage, Electromechanical Dr. Eng. Hamed Jaber 80 Tel: 4610560 Fax: 4610561 5. Civil Engineering Co. Building, Water & Sewage, Bridges & Culverts Eng. Nash'at Thaher 72 Tel: 4624770 Fax: 4659269 6. Jafar Contracting Roads Eng. Nabil Shami 67 Tel: 5677816 Fax: 5677815 7. General Machines Co. Roads Eng. Khalil Haddadeen 65 Tel: 5816982 Fax: 5820457 8. Hussein Abu Ta'a & Sons Contracting Water & Sewage Eng. Nabil Abu Ta'a 60 Tel: 5675610 Fax: 5678389 9. Arabia Company for Building & Contracting Building Eng. Rasheed Kasem 57 Tel: 4623367 Fax: 4630447 10. Haymour Cousins for Contracting Roads Eng. Mohamad Haymour 57 Tel: 5818018 Fax: 5865491 11. Haddadeen Engineering & Contracting Building, Bridges & Culverts Eng. Khalaf Haddadeen 56 Tel: 4655886 Fax: 4653480 2) ENGINEERING CONSULTING A. Selected Jordanian consulting firms qualified by the General Tenders Directorate, Ministry of Public Works & Housing вЂ“ Jordan, as class (1A) in at least one of the major sectors: Qualification Field Company Name Water Roads Buildings Website Arabtec Jardaneh Engineers & Architects 1A 1A 1A www. arabtechjardaneh. com Consolidated Consultants Engineering & Environment 1A 1A 1A www. ccjo. com Dar Al Omran, Planners, Architects, Engineers 1A 1B 1A www. daralomran. com Sigma Consulting Engineers 1A 1B 1A Jordan Consulting Engineers 1A 1A 1B www. jtc. com. jo Consulting Engineering Center Sajdi & Partners 1A 1B - www. cec. com. jo Bitar Consultancy - - 1A www. bitarconsultancy. com B. Two firms qualified by the General Tenders Directorate, Ministry of Public Works & Housing вЂ“ Jordan, as class (1A) in soil investigation & material testing: Вѓ Arab Center for Engineering Studies Вѓ Geotechnical Engineering & Material Testing Company 3) INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Company Name Web Site Contact Phone/Fax e-mail Aregon www. aregon. com Mr. Hazem Malhas, CEO 510-0100/ 510-0120 hazem. malhas@aregon. com Back Office Support Services it (BOSSit) www. boss-it. com Mr. Maher Mouasher, CEO 465-3869/ 465-3862 mmouasher@boss-it. com Batelco Jordan www. batelco. jo Mr. Marwan Juma, CEO 551-0101/ 551-0102 marwan@nets. com. jo CEB www. ceb. com. jo Mr. Khalid Kilani, Chairman 562-9999/ 562-9988 KKilani@ceb. com. jo Computer & Communications Systems (CCS) www. ccs. com. jo Mr. Fayez Samara, Managing Director 534-4088/ 534-6494 fayez@icslondon. com Computer Networking Services - Primus www. cns. com. jo Mr. Nidal Nasereddin, General Manager 553-5733/ 553-5734 nidal@cns. com. jo ESKADENIA Software Solutions www. eskadenia. com Mr. Na'el Salah, Managing Director 551-0717/ 551-0719 nael. salah@eskadenia. com Estarta Solutions www. estartasolutions. c om Mr. Hatem Zeine, CTO 533-0751/ 533-0752 hatemz@estartasolutions. com Future Applied Computer Technology www. fact. com. jo Mr. Nabil As'ad, General Manager 551-5155/ 551-5156 nabil@fact. com. jo GCESoft Mr. Yousef Barghouthi, Managing Director 553-6608/ 553-6607 y. barghouthi@gcesoft. com. jo IdealSoft www. idealsoft. com. jo Mr. Imad K. Malhas, General Manager 593-0123/ 593-1476 imalhas@Idealsoft. com. jo Integrated Technology Group www. itgsolutions. com Mr. Walid Tahabsem, CEO 461-8133/ 461-8115 tahabsem@itgsolutions. com Jordan Data Systems вЂ“ JDS Mr. Haitham I. Fanek, General Manager 550-2000/ 550-2020 haitham. fanek@jds. com. jo Jordan technology Group Mr. Laith Qasem, CEO 5925582/ 5921374 l. qasem@jtg. com. jo Maktoob. com Inc. www. maktoob. com Mr. Samih Toukan, Managing Director 461-3194/ 461-3189 samih@maktoob. com Menhaj Educational Technologies www. menhaj. com Mr. Ghassan Al - Lahham, CEO 565-5066/ 565-5077 ceo@edgestech. com National Insurance Administration Co. - NATHEALTH www. nathealth. net Mr. Sameer Gammoh, General Manager 551-1010/ 552-0626 sameer_gammoh@nathealth. net PaymentCentric LLC. www. paymentcentric. c om Mr. Sameer Mubarak, General Manager 460-1780/ 473-3506 smubarak@paymentcentric. c om Rubicon www. rubicon. com. jo Mrs. Randa Ayoubi, CEO 593-3676/ 593-3696 randa. ayoubi@rubicon. com. jo Specialized Technical Services - STS www. sts. com. jo Mr. Humam Mufti, General Manager 580-2626/ 582-9213 humam. mufti@sts. com. jo United Business Machines вЂ“ UBM. com www. ubm. com. jo Mr. Mustafa Rugibani, Chairman 567-0171/ 567-0173 mustafa_rugibani@ubm. com. jo 4) SHIPPING COMPANIES Company Tel. Fax. E-Mail 1. T. Gargour & Fils Company 5524142 5530512 tgf@tgf. com. jo 2. Philadelphia Corporation for Shipping Agencies 5681209 5603472 ffk_philco@nets. com. jo 3. Telstar Maritime Agencies (Jordan) PLC 4624107 4640168 telstar1@go. com. jo 4. Maltrans Shipping Agencies Co. 5663914 5665721 maltransgmo@firstnet. com. jo 5. Al-Jazy Shipping & Forwarding 5662111 5662112 info@aljazy. com 6. Petra Navigation & International Trading 5607021 5601362 petra@armoush. com. jo 7. Amin Kawar & Sons Co. 5609500 5672170 kawar@kawar. com. jo 8. Gulf Agency Company (Jordan) 5690891 5690893 jordan. ops@gulfagencycompany. com 9. Liberty Shipping and Transport Co. 5652611 5652607 libertyshipping@firstnet. com. jo 5) MEDICAL SERVICES & SUPPLIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email The Arab Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co. Dr. Kamal Al-Shaer, Chairman 580-2200 apm@go. com. jo Dar AlDawa Development Investment Nezar Jardaneh, Chairman 553-9176 Admin. dad@dadgroup. com Hikma Pharmaceutical Co. Saeed Darwazeh, Chairman 582-4222 Mrkt_hikma@nets. com. jo United Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Nedal Sukhtian, Chairman 416-2874 upm@firstnet. com. jo Arab Company for Medical Diagnosis Farouq Qaadan, Director General 569-2782 Arab Medical & Scientific Alliance Ibrahim Beiruti, General Manager 552-8009 Al-Sabagh Drug Store MohвЂ™d Sabagh, General Manager 464-2945 Medical Development & Supplies Co. Khaled Kanaan, Chairman, GM 566-9866 mds@go. com. jo Muneer Sukhtian Co. Rana Sukhtian, GM/Pharmaceuticals 566-3217 6) PLASTIC & RUBBER INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email The National Foam Factory Mesbah Shnaneh, Director General 462-5583 nationalfoam@hotmail. com Orient Plastic Company Husein Abdin, Chairman 489-4183 Arab Foam Factory Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 465-2688 arabfoam@go. com. jo Al-Ahli Plastic Fac. Co. Shaker El-Taher, Chairman 402-2752 ahliplast@nets. com. jo Jamil Sahouri Bros. Co. Jamil El-Sahouri, Director General 420-1144 Quality Plastic Industrial Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 489-4111 qpi@nuqul. jo 7) TEXTILE INDUSTRY Company Contact Person Telephone Email Jordan Clothing Co. Sameer Maqdah, Director General 420-3152 Arab Weavers Factory Co. Muneer El-Kaloti, Chairman 402-2793 Advanced Industries Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 402-9614 aiccom@aic. nuqul. com. jo 8) PRINTING, PAPER, CARTON & PACKAGING Company Contact Person Telephone Email The Jordanian Printing Press Mashhour Haddad, Director General 477-3896 jopress@go. com. jo Central Press Maher Hammad, Director General 477-9180 centralpress@nets. com. jo The Arab Converting Trading Co. Adel Hejjawi, Chairman 491-1037 papcot@firstnet. com. jo National Press Hani Samman, Director General 420-0021 Arab Cardboard Manufacturing Tawfiq Abuatiah, Chairman 402-2870 Perfect Printing Press Elia Nuqul, Chairman 462-5688 Al-Ekbal Printing & Packaging Samer Fakhouri, Chairman 572-8861 printing@ekbal. com 9) SUPPLY & FOOD STUFF INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email Raslan Al Kasih Sons Co. MohвЂ™d El-Kasih, Partner 490-3312 Jordan Flour Mills Co. Bandar El-Tabbaa, Chairman 465-1574 jfm@nets. com. jo Arab Danish Industries Co. Othman Bdeir, Chairman 420-1824 bamco@firstnet. com. jo Soft Hygienic Paper Ltd Abdulmajid Faouri, Chairman 566-5300 softco@index. com. jo Danish Jordanian Dairy Co. Omar El-Horani, Director General 534-4781 damish@nets. com. jo Fine Hygienic Paper Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 465-2688 fine@nuqul. com. jo Universal Modern Oil Industries Elia Nuqul, Chairman 552-3782 Al Maraai Est. for Food Industries Hani Hijazi, Chairman 488-6155 Al Riyad Vegetable Oils Mfg. Hatem El-Farhoud, Chairman 568-0048 Al Kasih Canned Food Production Co. MohвЂ™d El-Kasih, Director General 487-4050 kascan@go. com. jo National Poultry Co. MohвЂ™d Abughazaleh, Chairman 586-5081 Npc-mgmt@index. com. jo Al Keena Hygienic Paper Mill Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 465-2688 alkeena@complex. nuqul. jo Pearl Sanitary Paper Converting Co. Marwan Nuqul, Chairman 572-7430 pearlpc@go. com. jo Quality Food Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 465-2688 10) PACKING & PACKAGING Company Contact Person Telephone Email Packaging Industries Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 402-2715 pic@go. com. jo United Plastic Products Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman 402-2715 Jordan Paper Sacks Co. Omar Budeir, Chairman 534-3959 jps@nol. com. jo National Drums Factory Co. Michael El-Sayegh, Chairman 416-2481 npfc@nets. com. jo Nablus Canning Industries Hazem Rasekh, Chairman 402-3832 Silver Star Plastics Co. Marwan Aitah, Chairman 402-3742 sales@silverstarplastics. c om Modern Paper Sacs Industries Co. Ayman Hatahet, Chairman 567-3573 sacks@mopico. com Technical Packaging Co. вЂ“ PETCO Nabil Kanazeh, Chairman 446-0554 petco@index. com. jo 11) ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email RUM Metal MGF. Co. Mechiel Alsayegh, Chairman +962 6 4022929 rum@go. com. jo PETRA Aluminum Co. Shawkat Shegem, Chairman +962 6 4200629 petralu@go. com. jo Jordan Lift CRANE MFG. Co. Eskandar Sawalha, Chairman +962 6 5533374 jolift@go. com. jo The Jordan Pipes MFG. Co. Ali H. Mango, Chairman +962 6 4651468 jopipes@net. com. jo PETRA Engineering Ind. Co. Osama M. Ali, Director +962 6 4051048 talal@petra-eng. com. jo Arab Aluminum Ind. Co. Khamis Ashour, Deputy Chairman +962 6 5347145 Middle East Complex For Eng. Electronic Osama D. Khalil, Chairman +962 6 5820601 Arabian Steel Pipes MFG Co. Mousa A. Shhadeh, Chairman +962 6 4022136 asp@go. com. jo Jordan New Cable Co. MohвЂ™d Sabawi, Chairman +962 6 5606205 Modern Aluminum Ind. Co. Elia Nuqul, Chairman +962 6 4645669 12) CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email Jordan Iron Steel Industries Co. MohвЂ™d Taher, Chairman 463-8177 Union Chemical Vegetable Oil Ind. Rajae El-Salfiti, Chairman 446-0567 unionind@go. com. jo Arab Co. for White Cement Ind. Eid Abukaraki, Chairman 464-3051 acwci@joinnet. com. jo Jordan Marble Granite Co. Salim Zammar, Director General 420-7040 nabelzm@go. com. jo Jordan Ceramic Industries Co. Mamdouh Abuhassan, Chairman 5-365- 0373 Prefabricated Buildings Co. Omar El-Maani, Director General 566-9466 National Paints Co. Michael Sayegh, Chairman 416-2481 npfc@nets. com. jo Arab Iron Steel Industries Co. Ibrahim Aburagheb, Chairman 551-7739 Jordanian Cyprus Construction Ind. MohвЂ™d Armouti, Chairman 439-6944 Jordan Sipes Paints Co. Isam Bdeir, Chairman 420-4292 sipes@go. com. jo Elba House Co. Zuhair Khoury, Chairman 534-2601 info@elbahouse. com National Steel Industries Ghassan Mufleh, Chairman 463-8191 Petra Steel Industries Co. Adel Aburagheb, Chairman 592-1641 psteel@go. com. jo United Steel Manufacturing Co. Shafiq Zawaideh, Chairman 446-0223 uisteel@accessme. com Ready mix Concrete Construc. Supplies Makram Alami, Chairman 585-8110 rmccs@go. com. jo 13) FURNITURE, KITCHENS AND DOORS Company Contact Person Telephone Email AyoubiвЂ™s Steel Furniture FAC. Dr. Zaki M. Ayoubi, Chairman +962 6 5662574 ayuobi_co@nets. com. jo Jordan Wood Ind. Co. Najeeb A. Qubain, Chairman +962 6 4201171 jwico@go. com. jo Specialized Furniture Est. Omar El-Maani, Director General +962 6 5669466 maani@maanimanufactu ring. com 14) CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email The Industrial Commercial AGR. Co. MohвЂ™d Abu Hassan, Chairman +962 5 341945 icacomp@go. com. jo The Arab Chemical Detergents Ind. Co. Saad Muasher, Chairman +962 6 4891962 acdico@nol. com. jo Jordan CARBONATE Co. Ayman A. Hatahet, Director General +962 6 5665517 hatahet@go. com. jo National Chlorine Ind. Co. MohвЂ™d Y. El-Taher, Chairman +962 6 4050291 chlorine@nets. com. jo Jordan Sulpho Chemicals Co. Saeed Mousher, Chairman +962 5 3653435 15) AGRICULTURE & ANIMAL RESOURCES INDUSTRIES Company Contact Person Telephone Email Arab Feed MFG. Co. Jack G. Khayyat, Director +962 6 4631163 Jordan Greenhouses MFG. Ghaith Sukhtian, Chairman +962 6 5688888 green@rayyan. com. jo Arab Drip Irrigation Systems MFG. Co. Hatim Sh. ZuвЂ™bi, Chairman +962 6 5603779 adritec@nets. com. jo Modern Fertilizer Production Co. Mustafa Meqdadi, Chairman +962 6 4029213 Provimi Jordan Concentrate MFG. Co. MohвЂ™d Hammodeh, Chairman +962 6 4625617 16) LEGAL SERVICES Company Contact Person Telephone Email Ali Sharif ZuвЂ™bi & Sharif ZuвЂ™bi Advocates & Legal Consultants Sharif ZuвЂ™bi, Partner 464-2908 info@zubilaw. com Rabah & Associates Counselors & Attorneys at Law Nabil Rabah, Partner 566-0971 nabilrabah@index. com. j o Thamer Obeidat & Freihat Company Thamer Obeidat, Partner 567-2222 thamer@obeidatfreihat. c om International Business Legal Associates Nisreen Haram, General Manager 552-5127 contact@ibla. com. jo 17) EDUCATION SECTOR Company Contact Person Telephone Email Modern Montessori School Randa Hasan, Owner/Principal 079 - 5536363 chairman@montessori. edu. jo Amman вЂ“ Montessori Centre Nourhan Zihnie, Academic Director 079 - 5511937 icme@montessori. edu. j o Jubilee Institute Abla Nusseir Zuraykat, Director 06 - 5238337 abla@jubilee. edu. jo Mashrek International School Hana Malhas, Principal 079 - 5667017 hanamalhas@hotmail. c om List of Iraqi Businessmen who participate in the Rebuild Iraq 2005 Exhibition, Amman MemberвЂ™s Name Specialty CompanyвЂ™s Name E-mail & telephone 1. Sarmad Hazem NaвЂ™oum Anani Contracting & constructions National United Group Company sarmadanaee@vahoo. co 2. Jamal Mahmoud Hussein Al-SaвЂ™ati Contracting & constructions Al-Bajel Trading Agencies Company Bajilco77@yahoo. co 3. Mahmoud Shaker Jasem al-Ani Contracting & Trading Agencies Al-Bajel Trading Agencies Company Bajilco77@yahoo. co 4. Ahmad Naji Rashid Al-Douri Contracting & Trading Agencies Raghadan Trading Agencies Company Raghdan iraq@yahoo. com 5. Naser Naji Rashid Al-Douri Contracting & Trading Agencies Raghadan Trading Agencies Company Raghdan iraq@yahoo. com 6. Qaisar Abdallah Hassoun Contracting & Trading Agencies Raghadan Trading Agencies Company Raghdan iraq@yahoo. com 7. Hekmat Khathem Younis Al-Hedawi Contracting Trade Agencies Office hakeemban@yahoo. com 8. Lama Mudar DeyaвЂ™ Al-Kharsan Importing medical &medicine accessories Lama Pharmacy Luma-dhia@yahoo. com 9. Shatha Kathem Younis Al-Hedawi Importing medical &medicine accessories Al-Nadia Pharmacy Luma-dhia@yahoo. com 10. Zeinab Ghaji Jaber Al-Malki Importing medical &medicine accessories Mankhar Mass Pharma zinoba@yahoo. com 11. Ahmad Ghaji Jaber Al-Malki Importing medical &medicine accessories Mankhar Mass Pharma Ahmad78eng@yahoo. com 12. FahemAbdel Hamzeh Matar Jaber Al-Sheebani Contracting Al-Waheb Trading & Contracting Co. fahim1962@yahoo. com 13. Laith Hussein Al - Rajhi Importing press requirements and basic items Laith Hussein for importing press requirements laithhhh@hotmail. com 14. Mohammd Abdel Razaq Munir 15. Al-Ani Contracting & Project Engineering Al-Merjal General Contracting Ltd Company aboabdo1958@msn. com 16. Rasha Talal Ismail Saleh Al-Qaisi Contracting Yaser Al-Abidi Electrical equipment & Contracting Co. Yaser ram2005@yahoo. com 17. Mohammad Seerwan Kamal Al-Jebari Consultation & Engineering Contracting AвЂ™ali Al-Khaleej Engineering Contracting Co. serwanbarzanji@yahoo. com 18. Khaled Ismail Al - Wali Trading Agencies Al-Malah Trading Agencies Group khaldalqali22000@yahoo. com 19. Mohammad Hassan Ibrahim Contracting & Construction Al-Rewaq Trading Agencies Co. & Al-Bajel Co. Bajilco77@yahoo. com 20. Abdel Hakim Ali Al-Qaisi Contracting Al-Qabas Oil Services Ltd. Co. qabasoil@alqabasgroup. com www. alqabasgroup. com 21. Riyadh Subhi Construction Al-Majarah Great Galaxy-iraq@galaxyvintl - Mohammad Ali Al-Jebouri contracting Trading Company group. com 22. MвЂ™utaz Yahya Mohammad Al - Qazaz General Contracting Al-Tamayz General Trading Ltd. Co/Ninawa altamayz@yahoo. com 23. Saleh Taha Yasin Al-Yasin Contracting & factory installations Al-Tamayz General Trading Ltd. Co/Ninawa altamayz@yahoo. com 24. Mershed Hamed Khalil Al-Fayad Engineering projects Al-Ata Great General Contracting Co. ataco@ataccocompany. com www. atacocompany. com 25. Abdel Mohaymen Abdel Razak Ismail Al-Fayad Processing & Oil services Al-Rawabet Oil Services & processing of oil & Gas affiliated factories requirements Co. alfayadh@uruklink. net 26. Munir Abdel Amir Hamoudi Trade business Wadi Al-Khair General Trading Ltd. Company muneerho@yahoo. com 27. Nather Qasem Mohammad Al - Qaisi Project execution Nather Al-Qaisi for executing water treatment project & building steel frames natheralkaysi@yahoo. com 28. SaвЂ™d Aboud Abdallah Al - Naimi Contracting & agricultural investments SaвЂ™d Abboud Agricultural investments C o. Yaser Hhassansaad@hotmail. com 29. SaвЂ™d Mahdi Hadi Al-Jebouri Paper and cleaning material Trading Al-Balsak Trading Ltd Co balsakgroup@yahoo. com 30. Haitham Abdel Majid Al-Azawi Foodstuff Industry Al-Shahd Animal Production & foodstudd industries Factory Ssavaf28@hotmail. com 31. Nabil Abdel Majid Al-Azawi Trading & animal wealth Al-Shahd Animal Production & foodstudd industries Factory nabialalazaw@hotmail. com 32. Anmar Nabil Abdel Majid Trade Business Jabal Salma General Trading & Contracting Co. Anmar3@msn. com 33. Mustafa Salem Khathem Ibrahim Al-Bayati Trade & contracting Ashab Al-Hema Trade & Geneal Contracting Ltd Co mstfsatm@yahoo. com 34. Sabah Al - Mousawi Industrial/Trade & Contracting Al-Mousawi Trade & Industry Group Yaser info@al-mosawi. com www. al-mosawi. com 35. Abdel Jabbar Razouki Al-Abidi Water and sewage network & stations contracting Al-Melhem Contracting Ltd. Company yadalkein@yahoo. com 36. D. Omar Hamad Shihab Al-Abidi Chemical & Trade Consultation Al-Manahleh International Group & Lary Trading & General lait21973@yahoo. com Contracting Ltd. Co. 37. Jamal Abdel Amir Hamoudi Al-Abidi Erecting water treatment plants/Consultation Malka Company Remazz2001@yahoo. com 38. D. Naji Kittani Industrial Investments Zuhairhamid@yahoo. com 39. Rashid Kittani Consultation/Navy & Land International Transportation Zuhairhamid@yahoo. com 40. Ahmad Ibrahim Ahmad Al-Mofti General Contracting Deelan General Contracting & Real Estate Investment Company dilanco Baghdad@yahoo. com 41. Mohammad Sharif Al-Badawi General contracting construction & internal decoration Dilan General Contracting Co. & Al-Mansour Architecture & Decoration Office Dilanco Baghdad@yahoo. com 42. Abdel Qader Mawlood Middle East Contracting Company /Irbil 43. Jamil Kakel Hasan Ministry of Health/Irbil 44. Heqal Ghazi Shahin Heqal Foodstudd & consumables Trading Com./Irbil 45. Eng. Shukri Mohammad Said Doban Concrete Block Production Co. 46. Eng. Rabad Khaled Hasan Dahook Canning Factory 47. Bazar Najem Eddin Said General Manager Matin Potable Water Production Co./Dahook bejorn@yahoo. com 48. Saleh Ibrahim Ahmad Al-Amdi Fodder & poultry Trading 49. Azad ZakiAbdel Qader Trading Business Zawiteh General Trading Co/Dahook 50. Bahlawan Ahmad Ibrahim Factory Manager Sartank For Tiles & Marbel Company pahlawan a@yahoo. com 51. RaвЂ™ed Issam Jalal Marketing & Sales Manager Golden Trading Ageny Company foxraied@yahoo. com 52. Abdel Amir Abdel Hussein Ghenwi Al-SaвЂ™di Communication/Gene ral Trading Al-Oumaraa Communication Technology Ltd. Company Dilanco oumaraa@yahoo. com 53. Alyah Taleb Ali Trade Agencies Jabal Al-Safa General Trading & Agencies Ltd. Company jabalalsafa@yahoo. com 54. Adnan Abdel Razzak Abdel Electrical Material Trading Adnan Al-Badri Electrical material Karim Al-Badri trading 55. Karmel Mohammad Sharif Al-Badawi Decoration business Deelan Trading & General contracting Co. dilancobaghdad@yahoo. com 56. Salah Mahdi Saleh Mohammad Al - Dallal Construction business Deelan Trading & General contracting Co. dilancobaghdad@yahoo. com 57. Bilal Zuhair Taha Hamed Marketing & Sales Golden Trade Agencies Company bilalhamed@hotmail. com 58. Hussein Jabil Lami Al-Malki General Trading & Contracting Al-Sohoul General Trading & contracting sohoul aliraq@hotmail. com 59. Najah Jabar Habs Al-RabeeвЂ™ General Trade & Contracting Sohoul general trading & contracting Co. Sohoul aliraq@hotmail. com 60. Eiman Saleh Mahdi Al-Shebani Dentist University of Al-Mustanseryeh drimansalih@yahoo. com 61. Hanin Kathem Mohammad Dentist University of Baghdad drimansalih@yahoo. com 62. Haidar Khatem Mohammad Computer University of Al - Nahreen drimansalih@yahoo. com 63. Khaldoon Abdel Karim Mahmoud Constructional contracting and Trade agencies Golden water Trade Agencies Company mahmodkak@yahoo. com 64. Zuhair ShaвЂ™lan Omran Al - Hameedat Agricultural constructions Al-Rashdeyeh Farms 65. Dr. Mahmoud Faleh Mahmoud Thiab General Surgery and FRCS Dr. Al-Furat Private Hospital 66. Abdel Karim Abed Ali Malek General Trade/Animal & agricultural wealth Al-Malek General Trading and agricultural Trading almalekiraq@yahoo. com 67. Arkan Salah Mal Allah Al-Tamimi General Contracting & Construction & Trade Taj Al-Arsh Contracting Company tajalarsh999@yahoo. com 68. Anmar Abdel Jabbar Abdallah Sabri General Manager Dedhleh General Contracting & Industry Est. asabri@tigrsiraq. com www. tigrisiraq. com 69. MemberвЂ™s Name Specialty CompanyвЂ™s Name E-mail & Celli phone 70. Yaser Shehab Ahmad Al-Abidi Import of electrical equipment Yaser Al-Abidi for Electrical Equipment Trade yaser ram2005@yahoo. co. 71. Suhail Adeeb Jamil Al-Dabbagh Engineering Construction Contracting Al-Bani Ideal for Building Construction Co. aldabaghsuhail@yahoo. com 72. Muwafaq khalil Ibrahim Al-Alaf Industry Al-Alaf for tiles & Marbel 73. Kamel Khader Abbas Al - Morshidi Consultant Engineer Iraq plains general contracting Co. kamil almorsidy@yahoo. com 74. SaвЂ™d Al-Khathmi Consultant United Nation slaladhimi@yahoo. com 75. Riyadh Abdel Fattah Qaddouri General Contracting & trade Al-Rand Land General Contracting & Trade Ltd. Co, 76. Haidar Khadir Abbas Factory Manager Wadi Al-Furat Radiators Industry Factory 77. Burhan SadeSaheb Foodstuff canning Factory Manager Al-Hula foodstuff canning Factory 78. Meqdam Abdel Karim abdel Latif Constructional Contracting and general electricity miqdamlateef@yahoo. com 79. SaвЂ™d Hashem Hamid Badir Foodstuff marketing SaвЂ™d Bader Stores for marketing foodstuff products 80. Abdel Hamid Taha Fares Mohmmad Al-Fehdawi General Contracting/Road Construction Jerso Co. For contracting & Road Execution works jersogroup@yahoo. com 81. Ghulam Saleh Hashem Al - Dahkali Agriculture Requirement Trading Al-Tabaqjali Agriculture Processing Office 82. Yaser Taha Elyas Khader General Manager Engineering Group Co. For Construction cegmbt@yahoo. com 83. Thafer Abdel Hadi Abdel Hamid Print Machine and material Trading The Labor Printshop mhrasadi@uruklink. net 84. Maher Abdel Hadi Abdel Hamid Sales and Marketing General Manager United Company for Scientific Equipment Trading maher@aaliancetrading. ca 85. Adel Mahdi Najm Al-Rawi General Trading Al-Hani Trading Company Arawi@hotmail. com 86. Yousef Ali Ghaleb Yasin Instruction Vocational Training vagyassin@yahoo. com 87. Khadeer Abas Al - Sarraj Constructional and foodstuff Contracting Safsaf confectionary & Pastry kalsarrai@yahoo. com 88. Ammar Abdel Karim Mohammad Bari Car Trading Abdel Karim Car Trading Company 89. Raheem Burhan Waddah Al-Sadi Contracting & Processing Sohoul of Iraq Company airaheemco@hotmail. com 90. Naem Hashem Mousa Marketing Manager Al-RabeeвЂ™ Tourist & Travel naem2005@yahoo. com 91. Amir Amer Khader Al - Khazraji Production Manager Al-Rafideen Car RadiatorsвЂ™ production Ltd Co Furat radiator@yahoo. com 92. Bareq Amer Khader Al - Khazraji Marketing Manager Al-Iraq Al-Amer Geenral Trading Co. iamirtrade@yahoo. com 93. Dr. Imad Sheba Ahmad Instructional University imadsa 1986@hotmail. com 94. Dr. Akef Khalil Al-Alousi Advanced Laboratory Examinations Al-Alosi Consultant Laboratory oaky56@msn. com 07901348381 95. Ali Tareq Abed Hasan Al-RabeeвЂ™e Water Treatment technology Al-MaqateвЂ™ Contracting Ltd. nicco2004@yahoo. com sectionnsco@warkaa. net Company 96. Taqy Raouf Al - Sheebani Consultant Engineering Taqi Al-Sheebani Consultant Engineering Office 97. Dr. KanaвЂ™n Khalifeh Abdel Halim Industrial Al-Tahani Food Powder Factory Kanaan khalifa@yahoo. com Kanaan khalifa@hotmail. Com 98. Hassan Ali Ahmad Authorized Manager Khair Al-WeвЂ™am General Contracting and Fire Fighting Equipment Co. hassanrawi@yahoo. com 99. Ahmad Kakan Abdallah Ahmad Accounting Manager Khair Al-WeвЂ™am Fire Fighting Equipment Trading Company ahmad2000@hotmail. Com 100. WaвЂ™el Abdel Razzak Said Trading & Preparations Dar Al-Marefa Trading Company Furat waeilk@yahoo. com Mobile 07901355602 101. Yaser Mahdi Hadi General Trading & Contracting Automatic Factory 102. Ihsan Mohammad JawadMousa Al - Meshhadi Designs and Construction Al-Raei Contracting Co/Ihsan Engineering Office Aamily2003@yahoo. com 103. Fawaz Tateq Mohammad Reda Al-Safi Board of Management Member Orok Skin Tanning Co. sakheralsafi@yahoo. com .07901438028 104. Saker Fatek Mohammad Reda Al-Safi Authorized Manger Orok Skin Tanning Co. sakheralsafi@yahoo. Com 07901438028 105. Zahra Nouri Abdel Amir Commercial Manager Orok Skin Tanning Co. sakheralsafi@yahoo. Com 106. Zeinab Adel Abdel Ghani Accounting Manager Orok Skin Tanning Co. sakheralsafi@yahoo. Com 107. Mohamma d Wahab Hussein Al-Jebouri Factory Manager Al-Dewaneyeh Textile Company mjubori@hotmail. com 108. Seef Eddin Mohammad Ibrahim Al-Hayes Administrator Tourism Organization/Bagh dad Island Tourism 109. Mohamma d Ibrahim Mohammad Al - Hayes Manager Tourism Organization/Bagh dad Island Tourism 110. Hussain Mohammad Ateyeh Al - Maqdami Commercial Agencies Hussain967@yahoo. com 111. Atheer Ahmad Kakkan Al-Neimi Commercial Advertisements Al-Nomour Advertising Co, Atheerkakan@yahoo. com 112. Star Asem Kathem Zenknah Authorized Manger Al-Ekhwan Textile & Metal Curtains Trading - Brightly Aluminum Section Factory 113. Adel Abdel Khaleq Ali Shwan Marketing Adel Processing & Transporting oil & lubricant Production @yahoo. com 07901920184 114. Mohamma d Jasem Alwan Al-Jenabi Authorized Manager Al-Jenabi Exhibition, Transportation Customs Clearance services Group janabigroup@yahoo. Co Mobile. 07901404546 115. Ramadan Shukri Shahin Authorized Manager Haroon Commercial Agencies Company ramasanshahin@yahoo. com Mobile. 07901 116. Ahmad Abed Tahmaz Al - Qaisi General Contracting Al-Wahj Al - Akhdar General Contracting Company Yahoo. com Mobile. 07901177516 117. Emad Abdel Razaq Al - Zebaidi Contracting/Trading & Insurance Remal Trading& Contracting Company Al-MeвЂ™mar Stationary emadz@slingshot. co 118. Muhi Jasem Mohammad Al-Samerraei Marketing Al-Sameraei General Trading Office 119. Seef Eddin Farouq Al-Alousi Environmental Affairs Technical Studies office Saify1956@yahoo. com 120. Manal Sabeeh Mubarak Preparation, erecting of water treatment stations Al-Yasmeen preparation, erecting, operating & maintenance of Water Treatment Stations mavaseen3@yahoo. com Mobile. 0790137.944 121. Mustafa Hassan al-Ali Trading & Processing Modern Technology Commercial Agencies Company Mm114ali@yahoo. com 122. Qasem Mohammad Ahmad Al-Amer Trading & Processing Modern Technology Commercial Agencies Company Kassim@al-omargroup. com 123. Salam Abdallah Hussain Al-Hayani Private Construction chemicals/Industrial Flouring Constructional Engineering Group cegmbt@yahoo. com 0096415423233 124. Akeel Gaeebi KateвЂ™ General Trading & Contracting Al-Reda general Trading & Contracting @yahoo. com Mobile 07901351048 125. Thaer Faraj Butrous General Trading Thaer Lighting Material Trading @yahoo. com Mobile. 07901867814 Daoud 126. Mohamma d Nouri Al-Akeeli Industrial Al-Meeran Furniture Industry Ltd. Co. almeranco@yahoo. com Mobile 0790195488 127. Laith Mohammad Ali Mohammad Hassan Al-Aziz Al-Baghdadi Construction material Trading/Construction Laboratory Tests Al-Masar Engineer laboratory soil test and pole installations Company Laith albaghdady@yahoo. com. Móvil. 0791910873 128. Dr. Basel Abdel Amir Kubbeh Authorized Manger Al-Sadeer Furniture Industry Ltd. Co drkubba@yahoo. com 129. Mohamma d Meeran Ahmad Industry Almeeran metal & wooden furniture co. Almeranco@yahoo. com 130. Qais Mohammad Ali Mohammad Hassan Al - Baghdadi Fabrication and trading of Household furniture Al-Saher Furniture Trading & Industry Co. @yahoo. com Mobile :07901906149 131. Sameer Sabri Abdel Hamid Al-Naiemi Trading & Contracting @yahoo. com 0096417745444 132. Euad Adeeb Al-SaвЂ™di Commercial agencies Commercial Agencies Al - Khadeer Commercial agencies Ltd. Company Alzahraatalih2004@yahoo. co m Mobile. 07901728097 133. Al-Zahra Naji Taleb Trading & general Contracting Al-Tabareej Contracting Co. Alzahraatalih2004@yahoo. co m Mobile. 0790173319 134. Hamid Majid Jamil Al - Heyali Electronic @yahoo. com 0096414225881 135. Ahmad Majid Jamil Al - Heyali Mechanic @yahoo. com 079014110809 136. Yousef Majid Jamil Ibrahim Al-Heyali Mechanic @yahoo. com 0096414251119 137. Basem Mohammad Abed Al-Zebaidi Generators and erecting ready made shops Great performance General Trading & Contracting Injaz1@yahoo. com 07901360889 138. Hazem Mohammad Abed Al-Zebaidi Generators and erecting ready made shops and water treatment Great performance General Trading & Contracting Injaz1@yahoo. com 07901360868 139. Hassan Mohammad Ali General Trading & Laboratories Hanan Laboratory @yahoo-.com 0096414228653 Hassan Mahmoud 140. Sameer Abdel Karim Al - Jebouri Import drugs and medical equipment Al-Ahram Pharmacy/Al - Kadah Trading & Contracting /Al - Kadah Programming Co. Zaid samir@yahoo. com 07902386236 009641220173 141. Zeid Samir Abdel Karim Medical Equipment Trading Al-Kardah General Trading Company Zaid Samir @yahoo. com 07901386238 142. Oday Hassan Al - Kharsan Trading & General Contracting Al-Zumorrod General Trading ltd. Company Info.@babvlonenterpricesgro upltd. com 07901908201 143. Raed Abdel Sattar Al - Rahmani Industry/Trading /Contracting Al-Rahmani Companies Group Raidalrahmani@alrahmanigro up. com 07901909179 144. Abdel Hamid Bager Al - Hali Trading/Industrial Investment Samad Restaurant hameed@iede-iq. org 07901362188 145. Loay NeвЂ™meh Al - Tahhan General Trading/Plastic Industries National Company for household industry/National Company for ground furnitures louay@altahangroup. com 079-1988620 146. Eyad Hameed Al - Rabeeie General Trading and Contracting Al-Wadea Trading Company Wadearubayee@yahoo. com 07901911508 147. YaвЂ™roub Ibrahim Ahmad Al-Qaisi Construction industries/Commercia l agencies Al-ShahbaвЂ™ Bricks production co. Golden QalaвЂ™ Trading Company yaroubalkavssi@yahoo. com 07901908552 148. Abedel Hussein Lefteh Al - SaвЂ™edi General Trading/Money Exchange Al-Sindibad Money Exchange Company Abd2124@yahoo. com 07901906022 149. Maher Mohammad Hassan Al-Abidi General Trading Al-Ahgaf Trading agencies Company maherobaidy@yahoo. com 07901907017 150. Mohamma d Majed Al-Naher Industry/General Trading Arab Engineering sections Company @yahoo. com 07901907017 151. Dr. Abbas Fadel Kader Abbas@hotmail. com 0790114220279 152. RaвЂ™ed Al - Tahhan Plastic, packing and packaging Industry National Company for household industry raid@altahangroup. co. 07901908866 153. Said Elyas Industry/General Shams Al-Nahar saidgasgous@yahoo. com gasgous Trading Commercial Agencies Company 07901909221 154. Musadaq Mohammad Saleh Industry Confectionary & Pastry Abu Rafe Factory alkurmangi@yahoo. com 7785479work 155. Ghassan Abdel Starr Al - Rahmani Industry/Trading/Con tracting Ghassanalrahmani@alrahman igroup. com 07901907253 156. Laith DyaвЂ™ Al-Amli Contracting Engineering Models for contracting Company laithamili@yahoo. com 07901908552 157. SaвЂ™d Aziz Al-Attar Foodstuff trading Iraqi Flavors Company Baghdad@terramar. com 07901921008 158. SaвЂ™d Shaker Tawfiq drsaad@alkhazin. com 07901908620 159. Ali Adnan Al-Joudi joudi@emairates. net. ae 0790191508 160. Abeer Taleb Al - SamerraвЂ™ei abeersamarraie@yahoo. com 07901409573 161. Nora Yassin Ahmad Khalaf Pharmacy Nora iraq@yahoo. com 0096415428201 162. MemberвЂ™s Name Specialty CompanyвЂ™s Name E-mail & Celli phone 163. Hamzeh Hashem Khadir Al-Quraishi General Contracting Al-Mared General Contracting Co. maaridco@yahoo. com. Hamz50@yahoo. com 07901490947 164. Abdel Kareem Murad Hussein Al - Jebouri General Trading Abdel Kareem mMurad import & export office @yahoo. com 07901605952 07902156631 165. Osama Hassan Hadi Technical Manager Al-Yousr Commercial Agencies Co. osamajamali@yahoo. com 166. Ahmad Sadi Nameq Al - Talbani Technical manager Wara Commercial Agencies company Ahmadtalbani@alahmanigrou p. com 167. Farouk Foud MohammadAl - Qasab Technical Manager Al-Rahmani General Trading Company Faroukalkasab@alrahmanigro up. com 168. Haidar WaвЂ™d Technical Manager Horizon Oil & Gas services Co. hwaad@yahoo. com 169. Zuhair Taha Hamed Foodstuff industry consultation/Industria l investment Al-Mansour Industrial packaging Zuhair hamid@yahoo. com. Company 07901340042 170. Hussain Jawad Sadeq Al - Haddad (-71) Flavors/Foodstuff Industry Al-Haddad Trading Shops Hussainhddad2000@yahoo. c om 07901178147 171. Jawad Sadeq Haddad (062) Flavor/Foodstuff industry Alhaddad Trading Company Hussainhddad2000@yahoo. c om 07901178147 172. Khaldeh Abdl Khaliq JaвЂ™far Al-Qayem Authorized manager Dar Al-Kindi Trading Ltd. Company Kindihouseco@yahoo. com 07901377517 173. Saleh Araeebi Saleh Al - Samerraie Foodstuff Industries Al-Malweyeh for foodstuff powders packing factory Salih19602003@uahoo. com 07901917145 0096417173022 174. FaвЂ™eq Adel Majeed Hameed Al - Abeedi Foodstuff Industries Al-Basheq for pickles and foodstuuf production company @yahoo. com 07901921214 0096414254092 175. Yaser Amer Majid Sadeq Al-Radeeni Warehouses/Share exchange management Aboamar82@yahoo. com 07901341380 176. Ammar Kathem Lafteh Odeh Al-Atwani Marketing Al-Meezab General Trading Company aboysr@yahoo. com 009641765626 177. Jawdat Shuker Abdel Qader Al-Tetenji Industry Al-Jalabi Stocking Factory 178. Sabri Sadeq Hassan Al - Masri Textile industry Al-DahmaвЂ™ Clothing and stocking made Company 179. Dr. Haidar Ismail Jawad Urologist Private clinic baderjwad@yahoo. com 180. Mohamma d thaker Eqab Al - Kabeesi General Contracting/Processin g/Construction Sahl Al-Bawadi General Contracting Co @yahoo. com 07901756557 008821621442352 181. Ali Taleb Majid Engineer Al-Jalabil Stocking Factory Nora iraq@yahoo. com 0096415428201 182. MemberвЂ™s Name Specialty CompanyвЂ™s Name E-mail & Celli phone 183. Rula Naji Office Manager Maximum Power rulanaie@yahoo. com. Taleb General Trading Company 0096415562980 184. Rasheed Abdel Rahman Kanna Trading & Contracting/Fodder production Al-Nasaem Electrical items Trading rasheedkanna@yahoo. com 07901864367 0096415375381 185. Dr. Mohammad Ibrahim Mohammad Al - Kharkhi Industrial consultation/Scientifi c Researches/Teaching Aviation Research Center Monab1032@yahoo. com 07901518769 0096415153843 186. Mustafa Hassan Jasem Aviation Science /Turbine engines/Engineering consultation Research Aviation Research Center Mustij2003@yahoo. com 07901422627 187. Emad Abboud Naji Al - Defaei Marketing International Cheques Co. mash@uruklink. net 07901304163 188. SuaвЂ™d Abdel Wahhab Abdel Razzak 0096417759186 189. Samira Abdel Wahhab Abdel Razzak Fine Art 0096415560811 190. Sarab Abdel Wahab Abdel Razzak 0096415425197 191. Nadya Ali Hassan 0096417740526 192. Jawad Kathem Al-Kildar (0119) Head of Company Orlo Engineering system Services Company almayasim@yahoo. com ormando@imdex. com. jo 193. Afeera Shaker Naseef Biology Harmon Al-Mustanseryeh University/Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research afrashaker@yahoo. com 07901743237 194. Dr. Qasem Al-Akaishi General Manger Iraqi Professional Forum Ltd IFP Ltd qasim@iee. org www. iraqiprofessionalforum. com 0044(0)7990596385 195. Dr. Mohsen Saleh Consultant Iraqi Professional Forum Ltd IFP Ltd Muhsen shalash@hotmail. com www. iraqiprofessionlforum. c om 07901920901 196. Saad Tawfiq Mohammad Abdallah General Contracting Horizon Architectural General Contracting Company saadtwafeik@yahoo. com 07901432368 0096415435951 197. Fakhreyeh Jawad Mahmoud Al-Bazaz Drug industries Alwafa Drugstore fakhriachemist@hotmail. com 07901334120 0096417193032 198. Iqbal Financial Manager Al-Kindy General Ikbaljafer@yahoo. com Abdel Khalik Jafar Al-Qayem trading Company 07902211023 199. Oday Safar Abdel Qader Shaher Al - Hadeethi General Trading @yahoo-com. 0790155484 200. Mohamma d Ibrahim Khadeer Green Oasis Co @yahoo. com. 0096417171453 201. Ateyeh SheyaвЂ™ Mahood Al-SaвЂ™di General Trading Al-Seef Foodstuff Trading @yahoo. com 0096418828867 202. Mohsen Rami Dakheel General Trading Al-Seef Foodstuff Trading @yahoo. com 0096418828867 203. Najdat Hamdi Abdel Razzak Expert Ministry of Science & Technology @yahoo. com 07901716349 204. Aref Jasem Mohsen Expert Baghdad Municiplaity Noorarifle989@yahoo. com 07901716349 0096415179077 205. Eng. Asad Al-Khudairi Authorized Manager/Contractors Union Chief Al-Nukhbah General contracting Co. Contractors Union Chief 206. Eng. AlaвЂ™H ussain Mohsen General Manager Iraqi Contractors Union deputy chief Ministery of Housing/ Iraqi Contractors Union 207. Eng. Adna n Al-Qassab Secretary General Iraqi Contractors Union 208. Eng. Adna n Al-Mousawi Engineer & Contractor, Board of Directors Member Adnan Al-Mousawi General contracting Iraqi Contractors Union deputy 209. Mohamma d Jawad Al - Jebouri Board of Directors member Al-Masar General Contracting Iraqi Contractors Union 210. Eng. Awni Makeyyeh Engineer & Contractor, Board of Directors Member contracting Iraqi Contractors Union 211. Eng. Hate m Sarsam Engineer & Contractor, Board of Directors Member contracting Iraqi Contractors Union 212. Sami Alwan Al-Ani Engineer & Contractor, Board of Directors Member Tadmor Wall Co. contracting Iraqi Contractors Union 213. Dr. Dawoud Hashem Daoud Al-Ati General Contracting 214. Eng. Anma r Sami Alwan Tadmour Wall General Contracting Company 215. Nabil Khalil Tawfiq Tadmour Wall General Contracting Company 216. Ahmad Sami Alwan Tadmour Wall General Contracting Company 217. Jamal Kathem Alwan Tadmour Wall General Contracting Company 218. Eng. Qais Mohammad Hassan Engineer & Contractor Al-Muthalath General Contracting Company 219. Mustafa Hassan Kamel Contractor Tadmour Wall General Contracting Company 220. Turkey Al-Qaisi Contractor Al-Qabas General Contracting Company 221. Kathem Hadi Jawad Contractor Al-Massar Contracting Company 222. Ali Ghaleb Faleeh Contractor Orok General Contracting Company 223. Adnan Saleem Al-Akeeli Contractor Al-Ati General Contracting 224. Mohamma d Hassan Al - Qazzaz Import & Export Chief of Baghdad Chamber of commerce Mhkazzaz @yahoo. com 07901921040 225. Mahmoud Mohammad Jawad Alloush General trading First Deputy Chief of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce h. alwash@yahoo. com 07901921041 226. Husain Ahabeeb Wali Al - Jaff Import & Export Second Deputy Chief of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce @yahoo. Com. 07901921042 227. Falah Mohammad Hassan Al - ShammaвЂ™ General Trading Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Ammaralshamma2003@yaho o. com 07901921037 228. Abdel Star Mohammad Hassan Al - Baghdadi Import & Export Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce eastern@uruklink. net Bghdad@uruklink. net 07901906644 229. Salah Mahdi Abdel Razzak Alloush General Contractor/Import & export Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce salahalwash@yahoo. com 008821655594002 009641779992 230. MalekHas san Hamzeh Al - Abeedi Pumps. fire fighting equipment and meters import Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Obaidigroupco.@yahoo. com 008821621803109 231. Thabet Mohammad Hussain Authorized manager for AlBeldawi Group Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce thabitalbaldawi@yahoo. com 07901921039 232. Talen Hadi Abid Al - Shammari Authorized manager for al-Meeqat General Trade Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce @yahoo. com 07901921038 233. Falah Mersah Kammouneh Authorized manager for Al-thameen Commercial Agencies Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce @yahoo. com 07901921044 234. Mohamma d FouвЂ™ad Mohammad Reda Al-Baghdadi Authorized Manager for Abeer Al-Kahir General Trading Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce mohamedalbaghdadidiv@yah oo. com 07901921034 235. Ali Ibrahim Mohammad Ali Naash General Trading/Land transportation Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Alinaash2003@yahoo. com. 07901921043 236. Sadi Abdel Rasoul ali General Trading /Contractor Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Omraniya@yahoo. com 07901921045 237. Mohamma d Taleb Jawad Al - Mousawi Authorized Manager for Al-Sadah Group Co. Member of Baghdad Chamber of Commerce Alsada2004@yahoo. com 07901921047 238. Ibtesam Shafiq Hammoud al-Rekabi Assist. Professor Al-Kindi Medicine College Oaky56@ms. com 239. Qais Adnan Medhat Al - Qaisi 240. (1050) General Trading Contracting Al-Qaisi Contracting Offcie Kaisadnan@yahoo. com. 07901915324 0096415543985 241. Fares Mahdi Hassan Al - RabeeiвЂ™ 242. (1049) General Trading & Contracting Fares Al-RabeeiвЂ™ General Contracting Office Farisalrubaie@yahoo. com 07901344690 0096415568699 243. Hussain Hassan Wadi Contractor & Construction Industry Expert Abu Mustafa Constructional contracting Office @yahoo. com 0790102311 244. Mohsen Glob Mohsen Asyoud Al-Hesani Contracting & Industries Al-Dar General Contractoring Co./Basra Aldarco.@yahoo. com 07801001113 245. Mohamma d Abed Al-Reda Abed Ali KanвЂ™an Contracting & Industries Abi Al-Kaseeb General Contracting Co. /Basra icfbasrah@yahoo. com 07801066872 246. Zaki Madlool Akrash Contracting & Industries Green Al-Robou contracting Co./Basra Alkaddhra45@yahoo. com 078010022728 247. Mahmoud Abdel Razak Shaker Shukri Al - Sadoon Contracting & Industries Atlalet Al-Janoub General Contracting Co./ Alulatganuwb@yahoo. com 07801015307 248. Ali Shamkhi Jaber Al - Contracting & Industries Al-Waseeleh Contracting Alwasila909@yahoo. com 07801032172 KaвЂ™bi 249. Ahmad Mahdi Saleh Abedallah Al - Hamad Contracting & Industries Khairat Al-Hmada General Contracting Co. /Basra Ahmadalhamaed2003@yaho o. com. 07801013036 250. Hassan Mohammad Hassan Khaled Al - Ghadban Contracting & Industries Qemmat Al-AlyaвЂ™ Geneal Contracting/Basra Alyaco.@yahoo. com 07801020191 251. Mohamma d Jasem Sabeeh Mahdi Al-Sweejet Contracting & Industries Feda General Contracting Co. Feedaa11basrah@yahoo. com. 07801024382 252. Ali Meet Ali Mohammad Hussain Helw Contracting & Industries Alhelou Contracting Company. Basra alhilucombany@yahoo. com. 07801009608 253. Nawar Asad Matar Hazem Al-Kenani Contracting & Industries Al-Manar Al-Ein General Contracting /Basra Almana2000co.@yaho. Com 07801023158 254. Adel Mahdi Habeeb Issa Al-Kharsan Contracting & Industries Al-Kharsan Generfal Contracting Co. Basra alksarsan@yahoo. com 255. Salem Gloob Mohsen Asued al-Hasani Contracting & Industries Alhassani Contracting/Basra icfbasrah@ yahoo. Com. 07801090136 256. Mohamma d Abdel Mahdi Bader Al-Eeidani Contracting & Industries Al-Sindibad Contracting /Basra Mou195410@yahoo. com 07801070501 257. Emad Najem Eddin Abed Al-Habeeb Sharif AlAlwan Contracting & Industries Al-Najem Al-Zaher Contracting /Basra Iemadco@basrahonline. com -7801146530 258. Ali Abndel Star Salman Ashrawan Al-Mashkour Contracting & Industries Al-Wesam Engineering geneal Contracting Co./Basra nuhady@yahoo. com 07801015549 259. Abed Ali Jasem Mohammad Abdel Allah Al - Zwar Contracting & Industries Al-Zwar General Contracting Co./Basra yosifabdali@yahoo. com. 07801001653 260. Mushtaq Hamoud Lazem Nahed Al - Maslouki Contracting & Industries Al-Abraj Contracting Co./Basra alabrage@hotmail, com 07801028356 261. Abdel Hussain Lazem Nahed Al - Masloukhi Contracting & Industries Al-Abraj Contracting Co./Basra Labrage2001@yahoo. com. 07801025923 262. Salim Aboud Issa Mohammad Al - Halfi Contracting & Industries Al-Tawasul General Contracting co./Basra` Altwasilco@maktoob. com 07801009932 263. Abdel Amir NeвЂ™meh Contracting & Industries Barakat Al-Rahman General barkatalrahman@yahoo. com. -7801003786 Hamoud Contracting Co./Basra 264. Baker Akbar Alwan Al - Meyahi Contracting & Industries Al-Mekhrakh general Contracting/Basra Bakerakber64@yahoo. com. 07801003784 265. Ali Moyad Abdel Wahab Mohammad Al - Jebaili General Contracting Engineer Ali Abdel Wahhab Office/Basra Alimoayed2004@yahoo. com 078010239 266. Faleh Jaleel Abed Ali Al-Asadi General Contracting Al-Asadi Contracting Office /Basra icfbasrah@yahoo. com. 07801086119 аёЈаёІаёўаёЉаё·а№€аёаё™аё±аёЃаё˜аёёаёЈаёЃаёґаё€аёаёґаёЈаё±аёЃаё—аёµа№€а№Ђаё”аёґаё™аё—аёІаё‡аёЎаёІаё—а№ЌаёІаёЃаёІаёЈаё„пњ‹аёІа№ѓаё™а№„аё—аёўаёЉпњЉаё§аё‡аё›пњ‚ 2547-2548 аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё аё—аёаё°а№„аё«аёҐпњЉаёЈаё–аёўаё™аё•пњЋ NAME ADDRESS TEL FAX COMPANY 1. Mr. MOHAMMAD SH. HOMOUD BAGHDAD, IRAQ E-mail: mutairri@yahoo. com (9641) 538-1981 537-0186 (96479) 0137-6890 AL-MUTAIRI AUTO CO. LTD. 2. Mr. KHALID ABDULMAJID JASEM SEC.632 ST.14 NO.17 AL-AMARIYA, BAGHDAD, IRAQ AMMAN, JORDAN (96479) 0135-6029 (96279) 688-3571 AL-BALADI SPARE PARTS CO. 3. Mr. MOHAMMED L. KHAIRALLAH SEC.325 ST.55 NO.21 BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 882-4806 (96479) 0143-8803 4. Mr. MAZIN B. SIDKI BAGHDAD, IRAQ DUBAI, DIERA, EMIRATE (96479) 0136-2780 (97150) 498-5371 5. Mr. KAMEL M. BASHA SEC.710 ST.23 NO.11/1 ZAIYUNA, BAGHDAD, IRAQ AMMAN, JORDAN (9641) 416-1744 (96479) 0035-0247 (96279) 5264983 AL-YAWZA TRADE & SONS SPARE PART CO. 6. Mr. LEYON M. MAGHAKI UKBAвЂ™ SQUARE, AL-SAADI CENTRE, BAGHDAD, IRAQ AMMAN, JORDAN E-mail: leyonmlm@yahoo. com (9641) 717-0705 (9626) 516-2219 (96279) 652-7496 7. Mr. HOSAM K. AL-MOHIDEEN SEC.601 ST.12 NO.57 1 ST Floor-Appr 34, AL-MANSOUR AL-AMEERAT St. BAGHDAD, IRAQ E-mail: ainsham1966 @yahoo. com (9641) 543-1864 (96479) 0135-6205 (9641) 543-2111 AIN SHAMS TRADING CO. LTD. 8. Mr. ALA N. A. ALI BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 818-1417 818-7773 ALA NAJI BUREAU SPARE PARTS 9. Mr. SAMI Z. KORKESS SEC.904 ST.54 NO.11 HAY AL - WAHDAH, BAGHDAD IRAQ (9641) 718-7175 (9641) 718-9421 SAMI KORKESS CO. LTD. 10. Mr. TALAT EL - QAISY P. O.BOX 24136, AL - MASARF ST. DANIAL MARKET, BAGHDAD IRAQ (9641) 414-0893 (9641) 414-2649 EL-QAISY TRADING CO. LTD 11. Mr. TABAL Y. MOHAMMED HAY AL-WAHDAH SARA KHOTON 91/47, BAGHDAD IRAQ (9641) 717-2667 (96479) 0137-1200 12. Mr. NABEEL WADIE BEHNAM SEC.233 ST.1 NO.33 BAGHDAD, IRAQ E-mail: nwbehnam @yahoo. com (9641) 818-4493 (9641) 816-0294 13. -- AL-SHEIKH UMAR STREET BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 887-2169 AL-ISTIKAMA FOR SPARE PARTS TRADS. 14. -- SEC.931 ST.99 BUILDING 120/1026 HAY BABIL BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 717-3440 NAJEMT AL - UMARA FOR AUTO SPARE PARTS TRADE. 15. -- SEC.904 ST.2 BUILDING 5 HAY AL-VAHDA, BAGHDAD (9641) 718-0866 AL-KAWAKIB FOR CARS AND SPARE TRADS LTD. 16. -- SEC.908 ST.99 NO.26/8 TARIQ MAASKAR, AL-RASHEED BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 718-3565 AL-KHALEEJ FOR AUTO SPARE PARTS TRADE LTD. 17. Mr. UDAY A. AL-YASEEN ALMUASALAT, BAGHDAD, IRAQ E-mail: udayalyaseen @yahoo. com (9641) 556-7745 UDAY AL-YASEEN TRADING. 18. -- SEC.13/13 SAHAT AL-TAHYERAN, HAY AL-KEYLANI, BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 887-3541 AL-BADER FOR SPARE PARTS TRADING LTD. 19. -- HAY 14 TAMUZ, ST.372 BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 415-2277 AL-TAJ FOR AUTO SPARE PARTS TRADING LTD. аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё аё—аёЄаёґа№€аё‡аё—аё 20. Mr. ALI HASAN ABDULHUSSEIN KAKI SHOURYA MARKET, BAGHDAD IRAQ UAE (UNITED ARAB EMIRATE) DUBAI, AL - FAHBUWI ST. NO.104 (9641) 817-6078 (96479) 0134- 9255 (9714) 353-8412 (97150) 847-7995 (9714) 353- 8413 KAKI FOR TRADING CO. LTD 21. Mr. ABDULKAREE M A. ALI SEC.427 ST.67 NO.21 BAGHDAD (96479) 0191- 5208 22. Mr. HUSSEIN K. H. ABBAS SEC.427 ST.67 NO.21 BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 416-2330 23. Mr. SAHEL ALKUBAISI 14 RAMADAN ST. SAHEL AL-KUBAISI BUILDING, BAGHDAD IARQ P. O.BOX 520635, WAHDATH AMMAN, JORDAN (9641) 542-0629 (9626) 463-4861 (96279) 556-4608 (9641)54 2-4949 (9626) 463- 4862 HIGH STARS TRADING CO. LTD. 24. Mr. ALI M. ALI MUHAIALDIN P. O.BOX 940325, AMMAN 11194 JORDAN E-mail: muhialdin @hotmail. com (96279) 558-9413 25. Mr. HAIDER SHARIF BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 719-2803 (9641) 717- 3855 26. Mr. ZUHAIR AL-MUSSAWI BAGHDAD, IRAQ AMMAN, JORDAN (9641) 775-9788 (9626) 562-1117 (9641) 775- 9788 (9626) 562- 1118 аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё аё—а№ЂаёЄаё·а№‰аёаёњпњ‹аёІаёЄа№ЌаёІа№ЂаёЈа№‡аё€аёЈаё№аё› 27. Mr. MOHAMMED AHMAD ALI 6 TH STREET, NEAR AL-KARAMAH HOSPITAL BAGHDAD, IRAQ (96479) 0191- 1608 28. Mr. ATHEER AL - AZWAL AL-MANSOUR, BAGHDAD IRAQ AMMAN, JORDAN E - mail:alfarezco@hotmai l. com alfairoz@nets. jo (9641) 542-6432 (88216) 632- 26023 (9626) 533-7174 29. Mr. DAOUD SALMAN AL - KAZARJE P. O.BOX 188, BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 886-1620 415-0579 30. -- SEC.908 NO.17 P. O.BOX 11277 AL-RYATH, BAGHDAD, IRAQ (9641) 719-2300 AL-FATIN FOR SHIRTS LTD. аё›аёЈаё°а№Ђаё аё—а№ЂаёџаёаёЈпњЋаё™аёґа№Ђаё€аёаёЈпњЋ 31. Mr. FARIS AL - FASHAMY AMMAN, JORDAN E - mail:faris@aljashamy @.com import@aljashamy. com www. aljashamy. com (9626) 566-4260 (96279) 521-3100 (9626) 566-5260 AL-JASHAMY CENTER FOR FURNITURE (TRADING AND MANUFACTURE) CO. LTD. 32. Mr. MOHAMMED F. ISMAIL P. O.BOX 942329, SHEMESANI AMMAN, JORDAN (9626) 5699369 AL-KARAR GENERAL TRADE CO. LTD аёаё·а№€аё™а№† 33. Mr. JAEFAR AHMAD YABA MANSOUR, BAGHDAD, IRAQ E - mail:jaefar_yaba@yaho o. com (9641) 556-4260 (88216) 218- 02926 AL-SHARK AL - MUDAI TRADING CO. LTD 34. Dr. ADIL M. AL - RAWI P. O.BOX 24049, AL - MAGHRIB BAGHDAD, IRAQ E - mail:a_rawi@hotmail. c om (9641) 718-6469 717-0059 (9641) 718-3852 CompaniesвЂ™ Profile Construction Company Name: MID Contracting Co. Address: P. O. Box 675 Um Al Summaq Amman 111821 Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5536851 Fax: 962-6-5518843 E-mail: midc@go. com. jo Website: www. mid-contracting. com Name: Eng. Sahel Al Majali Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction Company Major Activities: - Electro-mechanical works - Bridges and culverts - Telecommunications - Interior design - Building contracting - Water and sewage Export Markets: Jordan, West Bank, Arab Gulf, and Africa 1) Specific Business Interests: Construction, engineering, procurement, and investment in the markets throughout the region Company Name: Hussein Atieh est. for Contracting & Construction Address: Jabal Al-Hussein вЂ“ Nablus Str. Hussein Atieh Bld. Amman - Jordan Phone: + 962 6 5664253 - 5691058 Fax: +962 6 5689886 E-mail: hae@nets. com. jo Website: Name: Eng. Amjad H. Atieh Contact Person Title: Deputy General Manager вЂ“ System Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction Company Major Activities: - General Construction And Buildings. - Electro-Mechanical Works And Projects. - Water Pumping Stations, Storage Tanks And Conveyance Systems. - Waste Water Pumping And Conveyance Systems. - Water And Waste Water Treatment Plants. - Concrete Works, Bridges & Tunnels. - Cathode Protection Systems. - Roads Constructions. - Procurement and sales of equipment, material and services for water, municipal, construction, power, chemical and petrochemical industries. Export Markets: United Kingdom, European Community, United States of America, China, and Croatia. 2) Specific Business Interests: Contracting, Constructions And Procurement Company Name: El Concorde Construction Ltd, Address: P. O. Box 926638 Amman 11190 вЂ“ Jordan Phone: 962-6-461 0 560 Fax: 962-6-461 0 561 E-mail: concorde@index. com. jo aconcorde@index. com. jo info@elconcorde. com Website: www. el-concorde. com Name. Dr. Hamid Jabr Contact person Title. Managing Director Sector/ Sub - Sector Construction Company Major Activates General Construction Export Markets: Jordan. Saudi Arabia, Iraq 3) Specific Business Interests: Roads Infra structure Water and Waste Water Treatment Electrical Generation and distribution Company Name: Nuqul Group Address: P. O.Box 154, Amman 11118, Jordan Fine Building, Sharif Hussein Bin Ali Street Phone: 962-6-4652688 Fax: 962-6-4645669 E-mail: InfoCenter@nuqul. com. jo Website: www. nuqulgroup. com Name: Mr. Ghassan Nuqul Mr. Louay Khatib Contact Person Title: Vice Chairman Iraq Country Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Industrial, construction, trading, food products Company Major Activities: вЂў Hygienic paper (facial tissue, baby diapers, feminine sanitary napkins, toilet rolls, kitchen towels, table napkins, wet wipes) вЂў Stationary paper (photocopy paper, writing pads, fax rolls) вЂў Jumbo paper rolls вЂў Non woven fabric for hygienic and medical applications вЂў Aluminum profiles вЂў Canned and chilled meat products вЂў PVC pipes and fitting вЂў Packaging and printing вЂў Ready mix concrete вЂў Olive and vegetable oils вЂў Plastics вЂў Synthetic foam Export Markets: Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan, Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Congo, South Africa, Sierra-leone Europe: Sweden, France, Hungary, Romania, Ukrain, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, C. I.S. Russia Australia Asia: Philippines, Sir Lanka, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Arab Gulf: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain Middle East: Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Lebanon, Palestine South America: Panama, Brazil United States of America 4) Specific Business Interests: Joint ventures, sub-contracts, supplies, agencies, distribution Company Name: Ready Mix Concrete & Construction Supplies Co. Address: PO Box 851602 Amman 11185 Phone: 962- 6-5858110 Fax: 962-6-5858177 E-mail: rmccs@go. com. jo Website: Name: Raja Al-Alami Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction 5) Company Major Activities: - Supply of ready mix concrete - Supply of concrete blocks - Supply of interlocking tiles Company Name: Jordanian-Cypriot Construction Indust. co. Address: P. O. Box 357 Amman, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4396944/4393371 Fax: 962-6-4395362 E-mail: Website: Name: Nazzal M. Armouti Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction Industries. Company Major Activities: Manufacturing: - TERRASSO (Mosaic) Tiles. - Cement Tiles. - Related Products. Export Markets: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Gulf Countries. 6) Specific Business Interests: Re-establishing export market in Iraq. Company Name: Haymour Cousins for Contracting Address: P. O. Box 927172 Amman 11190, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5818018 Fax: 962-6-5865491 E-mail: haymour@joinnet. com. jo Website: Name: Eng. Mohammad Haymour Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction Company Major Activities: Roads Export Markets: 7) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: MASAR UNITED CONTRACTING CO. Address: 26 Shaker Bin Zeid St. P. O. Box 926028 Amman11190 Phone: (962-6) 5662493 вЂ“ 5669395 Fax: (962-6) 5679583 E-mail: saifi@nets. com. jo Website: - Name: Mr. Mahdi Saifi Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction/ Contracting Company Major Activities: Large Scale Civil Infrastructure projects including: Airports, Highways, WWTP, Water Networks, Pipelines, Bridges, Office Buildings, Dams. EtcвЂ¦ Export Markets: Saudi Arabia Palestine Yemen Iraq 8) Specific Business Interests: Iraq Construction Sector Primarily Housing + Civil Infrastructure Projects. Company Name: Mohammad Ahmad Abu Aisha Contractors Address: P. O. Box 1092 Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5669477 Fax: 962-6-5603891 E-mail: aisheh@nets. com. jo Website: Name: Eng. Amjad Abu Aisheh Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction Company Major Activities: Building, Bridges and Culverts Export Markets: 9) Specific Business Interests: Construction Industries Company Name: National Steel Industries Address: P. O. Box 2870 Amman, 11181 Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4638191 Fax: 962-6-4657477 E-mail: nasteel@nol. com. jo Website: Name: Dr. Ghassan Mufleh Contact Person Title: Chairman/ General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Manufacturing/Construction Material 1) Company Major Activities: Manufacturing of deformed and plain reinforcement steel bars diameters 5.5-32 mm Length 4-12 meters Grades 40 & 60 according to astm 613-96 Company Name: Jordan Iron and Steel Industrial Co. Address: P. O. Box 350 42 Amman 1118 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5638177 Fax: 962-6-4652551 E-mail: Website: Name: Mr. Mohammad Yousif Al Taher. Mr. Bassam Riad Al Mufleh Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Industrial Company Major Activities: Producing iron and steel iron, scrap, producing billets, plant for oxygen and nitrogen gas and saltine Export Markets: Jordan 2) Specific Business Interests: Steel Production Company Name: Arab Iron and Steel Industrial Co. Address: P. O. Box 152 Amman 1118 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5517739 Fax: 962-6-5517738 E-mail: asteel99@go. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Amjad Abu Ragheb Contact Person Title: Assistant General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Industrial Company Major Activities: Manufacturing of reinforced steel bars for construction Export Markets: Jordan 3) Specific Business Interests: Steel Production Company Name: United Iron and Steel Manufacturing Co. Address: P. O. Box 125 Amman 16010 Jordan Phone: 962-6-4460577 Fax: 962-6-4460578 E-mail: uisteel@accessme. com Website: Name: Eng. Mohammad Kharabsheh Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Manufacturing/ Heavy Manufacturing / Steel Production Company Major Activities: Steel Billets, Reinforcing bars, square bars, flat bars and wire rod Export Markets: Local, regional and international 4) Specific Business Interests: - Reinforce our positioning and expand our market share as the largest steel producer in Jordan, supplying the local and regional markets with semi - finished and hot rolled products in accordance to international standards - To actively support the local economy by providing - evelopment - Undertaking projects that help improve efficiency and safeguard the environment Company Name: Arabian Steel Pipes Mfg. Co. Address: P. O. Box 183297 Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4022136/4022137 Fax: 962-6-4022890/4022890 E-mail: asp@go. com. jo Website: www. asp. com. jo Name: Mr. Mousa Shhadeh Contact Person Title: Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: - Iron/steel plates rolls - Pipes/tubes made of iron/gal. steel - Hangars Company Major Activities: Export Markets: 5) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Jordan Ceramic Industries Co. Address: P. O. Box 910253 Amman 11191, Jordan. Phone: 962-5-3650373 Fax: 962-5-3651721 E-mail: jocecatile@yahoo. com jocecatile@hotmail. com info@joceca. com Website: Name: Mr. Mohammad Abu Hassan Contact Person Title: Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Construction industries Company Major Activities: Ceramic sanitary fixtures and ceramic tiles Export Markets: 6) Specific Business Interests: Engineering Consulting & Industries Company Name: Bitar Consultants, Architects, Engineers & Project Managers Address: 130 Al-MuвЂ™tasem St. 2 nd Circle Jabal Amman P. O. Box 962070 Amman 11196 Jordan Phone: 00962 6 4641884 00962 6 4613198 Fax: 00962 6 4655390 E-mail: bitar@go. com. jo Website: www. bitarconsultants. com Name: Eng. Nemer Abdul-Rahman Bitar Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Design, Supervision and Administration in engineering projects. Company Major Activities: The company is specialized in the fields architecture, structural, electrical, mechanical, environmental, water and wastewater, construction management, and information technology. Export Markets: The company has international experience in Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Palestine, and Cyprus. 1) Specific Business Interests: The company is interested in expanding its international experience by working together with a well known international firms in the areas related to the interests of Bitar Consultants above mentioned. Company Name DAR AL-OMRAN / Planners. Architects. Engineers Address Lweibdeh West вЂ“ Al Hussein Bin Ali Street P. O.Box 182571 Amman 11118 вЂ“Jordan. Phone 962 6 560 4200 Fax 962 6 560 6606 E-mail daralomran@daralomran. com Website www. daralomran. com Name Anas C. Sinno Contact Person Title General Manager Sector / Sub-Sector Architectural & Engineering consulting services. Company Major Activities Planning and Urban Design; Architectural Design; Engineering Design; Interior Design; Landscape Design; Infrastructure and Environmental Design; Technical Specifications and Quantities; Construction Management; Technical Supervision. Export Markets Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Spain, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Malaysia. 2) Specific Business Interests - Health Sector: Hospitals, Laboratories, & Clinics - Education Sector: Universities, Schools, & Libraries - Infrastructure: вЂў Water Supply Systems and Treatment Plant вЂў Waste Water Systems and Treatment Plant вЂў Roads Company Name: Management Systems and Dispute Resolution Company Ltd. Address: Abdul Hameed Sharaf Str. Shmeisani, Amman Phone: +962 6 5683217 Fax: +962 6 5683219 E-mail: outofcourt@msdr-jo. com Website: www. msdr-jo. com Name: Isam S. Sahawneh Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Contract administration and alternative dispute resolution consultancy services Company Major Activities: - Evaluation and advice on construction contracts and administration of the contractual aspects of construction projects including management of contractual correspondence, control of variation orders, claim avoidance and/or claim preparation. - Resolving disputes outside the courts through arbitration, adjudication, or mediation. Export Markets: None 3) Specific Business Interests: Services related to construction projects. Company Name ThyssenKrupp Jolift Address PO Box 910002 Amman 11191 Jordan Phone +962 6 5533374 Fax +962 6 5514548 Email Contact Person Name Eng. Haytham Halasa Title Regional Sales Manager Sector/ Sub sector Manufacturing / Elevators Company Major Activities Manufacturing, Installation, Modernization and the maintenance of cranes, elevators, escalators and vertical transportation Export Markets Middle East 4) Specific Business Interests Supply of vertical transportation units Company Name: Arab Aluminum Industry Co. Ltd. (ARAL) Address: P. O. Box 350 42 Amman 11180 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5343965 Fax: 962-6-5347145 E-mail: aral@accessme. com Website: www. arab-aluminium. com Name: Engineer Nidal Mahmoud Ahmad Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Engineering Industries/ Aluminum Indutries Company Major Activities: Extruding, anodizing, electrostatic painting plus wood & marble finishing of Aluminum profiles for doors, windows, construction, decoration & some industries dealing in refrigerating, heating ladders, green houses, expansion jointsвЂ¦etc We also recycle Aluminum ingots and scrap and convert the same into aluminum billets. We also manufacture extrusion dies and tooling for the aluminum extrusion industry. Export Markets: Syria, Palestine, Algeria, Iraq, Yemen, united kingdom and Italy 5) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Petra Engineering Ind. Co. Address: P. O. Box 141351 Amman 11814, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4051048 Fax: 962-6-4051228 E-mail: petrasho@go. com. jo Website: www. petra-eng. com Name: Mr. Osama M. Ali Contact Person Title: Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Engineering Industries Company Major Activities: - Air/Vacuum pumps - Air conditioning units - Refrigerating rooms - Water coolers Export Markets: 6) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Sigma Consulting Engineers Address: P. O. Box 20076 Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 9626-5661031 Fax: 9626-5678320 E-mail: sigma@globalone. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Hani Hakki Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Engineering Consulting Company Major Activities: Consultancy services for engineers and architecture Export Markets: 7) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Jordanian Consulting Engineers Address: P. O. Box 926963 Amman 11190, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5606150 Fax: 962-6-5682150 E-mail: jce@go. com. jo Website: www. jce. com. jo Name: Mr. Tariq Zureiqat Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Engineering consulting Company Major Activities: Consultancy services for engineer and architects Export Markets: 8) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Arabtech Jardaneh Engineers & Architects Address: P. O. Box 9532 Amman 11191, Jordan. Phone: 9626-5857167 Fax: 9626-5824532 E-mail: aj@aj. com. jo Website: www. arabtechjardaneh. com Name: Mr. Hakam SaвЂ™ad Al Bitar Contact Person Title: Director of Business Development Department Sector\Sub-Sector: Engineering Consulting Company Major Activities: - Civil Engineering - Electromechanical engineering - Wastewater treatment and sewage networks - Planning - Maintenance services - Operational services and training Export Markets: 9) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Consulting Engineering Center вЂ“ Sajdi & Partners Address: P. O. Box 961105 Amman 11196, Jordan Phone: 00 962 вЂ“ 6 вЂ“ 5156251 00 962 вЂ“ 6 вЂ“ 5151978 Fax: 00 962 вЂ“ 6 вЂ“ 515 2827 E-mail: main@cec. com. jo Website: www. cec. com. jo Name: Izzat Sajdi Contact Person Title: Vice President Sector\Sub-Sector: Consultancy Services Company Major Activities: The FirmвЂ™s activities cover the whole fields of Water and Wastewater, Highways, Bridges, Airports, Industry, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical and Geotechnical Engineering. CEC has the qualifications and resources to direct and coordinate projects through all stages of works and respond efficiently and effectively to its clientsвЂ™ needs. The scope of the firmвЂ™s services ranges from the initial master planning, management structures and feasibility studies through preliminary and detailed design to contract preparation and the supervision of construction. Also the firm is able to provide comprehensive consulting services in Agronomy, Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Law for the efficient development and completion of any major project in the above mentioned fields of specialization. Export Markets: Bosnia вЂ“ Egypt вЂ“ Gambia вЂ“ Kazakhstan вЂ“ Lesotho вЂ“ Lithuania вЂ“ Maldives вЂ“ Moldova вЂ“ Mauritania вЂ“ Mauritius вЂ“ Namibia вЂ“ Palestine вЂ“ Saudi Arabia вЂ“ Senegal вЂ“ Syria вЂ“ Tajikistan вЂ“ Turkey вЂ“ Uganda вЂ“ West Indies вЂ“ Yemen вЂ“ Zambia - Zimbabwe 10) Specific Business Interests: Feasibility Study, Detailed Engineering Design, Preparing Tenders Documents & Supervision of Projects for Water and Wastewater Projects. Company Name: MWH Arabtech Jardaneh Address: Building No. 8, Al-Tabasheer Street (3), 7 th circle, P. O. Box 9532, Amman 11191, Jordan Phone: 5861074 Fax: 5861075 E-mail: nadia_juhari@aj. com. jo Website: www. arabtech-jardaneh. com Name: Nadia Juhari Contact Person Title: Business Development Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Consultancy Company Major Activities: вЂў Preparation of Master Plans and Development Programs вЂў Feasibility Studies, Design and Supervision for Stormwater & Wastewater Networks, Water Transmission, Supply and Distribution and Water & Wastewater Treatment Plants. вЂў Preparation of Tender Documents, Pre - qualification of Contractors, Tender Evaluation & Contract Award. вЂў Water Resources including Groundwater and Surface Water Modelling. вЂў Environmental Impact Assessments вЂў Training and Overall Programme Management Export Markets: Yemen, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq 11) Specific Business Interests: Water, wastewater and environmental engineering. Information & Communications Technology Company Name: United Business Machines (UBM. com) Address: P. O.Box 6410 Amman 11118 Shmeisani. Amman. Jordan Phone: +962 6 5670171 Fax: +962 6 5670173 E-mail: Zuhri@ubm. com. jo Website: www. ubm. com. jo Name: Zuhri Abu-Awwad Contact Person Title: Business Development Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: IT Company Major Activities: IT Products and Services 1- IBM full range of Products and Services (already obtained IBM approval to market IBM Products and services in Iraq 2- Cisco Products and services 3- Diebold ATMвЂ™s and services 4- JD Edwards SW solutions and implementations 5- United Ofoq Solutions i. Human Resources and Payroll ii. Content Management iii. Internet Banking iv. Tailor Made applications Export Markets: Services for IBM Products Networking solutions(Cabling and Cisco) JD Edwards Implementation Tailor Made 1) Specific Business Interests: Telco and ISP Banks Networking for all business Oil sector Airline and Travel Manufacturing Transportation Governments Education Health Company Name: Maktoob. com Inc. Address: Jabal Amman. CORREOS. Box 830184. Zip code 11183 Phone: (962-6) 461-3194 Fax: (962-6) 461-3189 E-mail: Info@maktoob. com Website: www. maktoob. com Name: Mr. Samih Toukan Contact Person Title: CEO Sector\Sub-Sector: IT вЂњ Information TechnologyвЂќ Company Major Activities: - First Arabic E-mail - Largest Arabic online community - Catering to more than 3.2 million online members and growing at a rate of more than 4000 new members daily. - cashU e-commerce prepaid cards. Export Markets: - Selling online advertising to the entire Arab world as well as an online payment solution globally. 2) Specific Business Interests: - Strategic partners. Company Name: Estarta Solutions Address: Queen Rania Street P. O. Box 941934 Amman 11194, Jordan Phone: +962 6 533 0751 Fax: +962 6 533 0752 E-mail: bizdev@estartasolutions. com Website: http://www. estartasolutions. com Name: Basim Saleh Contact Person Title: Business Development Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology / Consulting and Implementation. Company Major Activities: Estarta develops and implements solutions in the following domains: Business Intelligence, Enterprise Application Integration, Enterprise Project Management, Enterprise Resource Planning, Portals, and Wireless. Estarta has demonstrated its capabilities by having successfully served clients such as Microsoft, Thomson Financial, Apple, 3Com, Siemens, several wireless operators, and Governments. For such clients Estarta's services range from product development outsourcing, to full e-Business/e-Government solution definition, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. EstartaвЂ™s clients in the region include but are not limited to Arab Bank, Aramco, Aramex, Kuwait Oil Company, Emirates Airlines, and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, National Commercial Bank. When appropriate Estarta leverages its patent-pending intelligent pattern recognition and parsing (IPRP) engine to rapidly create smart applications such as Gaia, and CUBIC. Due to the nature of Estarta's client base, Estarta uses the most advanced technologies, tools, and quality processes to deliver custom tailored solutions. Estarta is CMM compliant. Its technical depth is further demonstrated by the fact that Estarta's code will be in the next version of Windows. NET Server. Export Markets: Jordan, Arabian Gulf (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen), Palestine, Cyprus, Malta, Netherlands, Germany, and U. S.A. 3) Specific Business Interests: Estarta concentrates on the following industrial verticals: financials, Government, and telecommunications. Estarta also caters for other verticals including oil & gas, construction, transportation, and healthcare. Company Name: Telaterra Software LLC. Address: Jabal Al Weibdeh, Baounieh Street, #14 P. O. Box 927954 Amman 11110 Jordan Phone: (+962-6) 4733505, 4675908 Fax: (+962-6) 4733506 E-mail: cizhiman@telaterra. com Website: www. telaterra. com Name: Charral Izhiman Contact Person Title: Business Developer Sector\Sub-Sector: IT/ Software Development (web enabled solutions) Company Major Activities: Providing solutions as Internet-enabled applications; The companies major activities can be categorized as the following: 1- Products that consists of Website Portals, web applications, workflows. 2- Services provided are: web application development, workflow applications, enterprise integration HW/SW, integration of financial exchange messaging systems and enterprise portals(intranet/extranet) 3-Outsourcing Export Markets: Local, regional & overseas markets are experienced and targeted markets for Telaterra 4) Specific Business Interests: All businesses within the expertise of Telaterra plus new horizons we expect to succeed in. Company Name: Future Applied Computer Technology (FACT) Address: P. O.Box 926785, Amman, Jordan Phone: 009626-5515155 Fax: 009626-5515156 E-mail: marketing@fact. com. jo Website: www. fact. com. jo Name: Mr. Jamal Foudeh Contact Person Title: Marketing & Sales Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Software Development Company Major Activities: 1- Banking Solutions 2- E-Solutions 3- Insurance Solutions 4- ERP Solutions 5- School Management System 6- Networking 7- Training Export Markets: 1- Palestine 2- Sudan 3- Egypt 4- United Arab Emirates 5- KSA 6- Romania 5) Specific Business Interests: 1- Banking Solutions 2- E-Solutions 3- Insurance Solutions 4- ERP Solutions Company Name: IDEAL SYSTEMS Address: P. O.Box 182756 Amman 11118 Jordan Phone: +962 6 593-0123 Fax: +962 6 593-1476 E-mail: info@ideal. jo Website: www. ideal. jo Name: Hanna Zaghloul Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology & e-Infrastructure Solution Provide Company Major Activities: IDEAL Systems provides Information Technology solutions on the infrastructure level, namely e-Infrastructure solutions via its capabilities in hardware, software development, networking, internet, Telecommunication System Solutions, Banking and Financial Solutions, CRM Automation, Enterprise Storage, Data Protection and Recovery solutions, and Productivity Solutions. IDEAL Systems is a Microsoft Certified Partner, an AMP reseller and implementer, a Tektronix Xerox reseller and service center, an In Focus ASK reseller and service center, Cisco Systems reseller, Citrix Gold Certified Partner, 3COM Silver Partner, Veritas, Microsoft and Secor Security Certified Partner, EMC, STME and StorageTek. for storage solutions. IDEAL Systems is a Front Range Authorized Service Partner to offer a fully integrated CRM solution that enables sales, marketing, help-desk, service and support teams to seamlessly share information for first-class lead management and customer care. IDEAL Systems accommodates a broad customer base and works with organizations from various sectors such as: Banks and Financial Institutions, Telecommunication and Internet Service Providers, Services, Government and semi-Government institutions, Education, Health Care, Insurance, Hospitality and Entertainment sector. Export Markets: None 6) Specific Business Interests: Strengthening relationships with Iraq IT firms and exploring areas of cooperation in Systems Integration, Infrastructure, Data Communications, Storage Solutions, Disaster Recovery, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), eCommerce, e - Government and eLearning. Company Name: Aregon Address: P. O. Box 3371 Amman 11181, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5100100 Fax: 962-6-5100120 E-mail: Hazem. malhas@aregon. com Website: www. aregon. com Name: Contact Person Title: Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: Aregon offers a series of end-to-end supply chain management and e-procurement solutions, as well as personalization and localization tools and Customer Relationship Management capabilities. Export Markets: Middle East, North Africa and Indian Subcontinent. 7) Specific Business Interests: To empower companies with dynamic and innovative e - business solutions designed to facilitate cross border trade and promote efficiency and growth. AregonвЂ™s target customers include: - Small, medium and large sized companies - Regional Exchanges and B2B Portals Company Name: Batelco Jordan Address: P. O. Box 811912 Amman 11181, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5510101 Fax: 962-6-5510102 E-mail: marwan@nets. com. jo Website: www. batelco. jo Name: Mr. Marwan Juma Contact Person Title: CEO Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: Internet provider; online provider; Web development; online advertising. Online and Internet provision; Web development and online advertising. Export Markets: 8) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: CEB Address: P. O. Box 414 Amman 11953, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5629999 Fax: 962-6-5629988 E-mail: kkilani@ceb. com. jo Website: www. ceb. com. jo Name: Mr. Khalid Kilani Contact Person Title: Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Provide software solutions such as banking, insurance, document management, and workflow technologies. - Incorporate high quality hardware products, networking, consultancy, training, and support, tailored for various industry sectors. - Provide hardware related services: cover hardware maintenance services for PC's, midrange computers, printers, peripherals, LAN products; complete hardware installations & maintenance visits; the support of the major operating systems, and networking software including UNIX, Novell, and Windows NT. - Provide sales, support, training and implementation of Oracle RDBMS, Oracle tools and Oracle applications. - Provide software development outsourcing - Provide tools and services Rational Corporation aimed at improving software development efforts. Export Markets: Jordan and the Middle East 9) Specific Business Interests: - Imagelinks; ImageFlow; Aman; CABS; Oracle and Rational - Alcatel Cabling, Bull; Plasmon; 3com; Cisco, HP;IBM; Acer; Compaq and Sedco. - Oracle support; Oracle training; consultation; Oracle application implementation; software development; project management and hardware maintenance and support. Company Name: Computer & Communications Systems (CCS) Address: P. O. Box 950499 Amman 11195, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5344088 Fax: 962-6-5346494 E-mail: Fayez@icslondon. com Website: www. ccs. com. jo Name: Mr. Fayez Samara Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Public security - Banking and finance - Health care and manufacturing process control - are ORACLE and 4GL based and fully open software packages designed to run on the widest range of hardware platforms. Export Markets: 10) Specific Business Interests: - Undertaking Large-Scale development and systems integration projects in niche business sectors (including education, government, banking, hospitals and public security). Company Name: GCESoft Address: P. O. Box 481 Amman 11953, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-553 6608 Fax: 962-6-553 6607 E-mail: y. barghouthi@gcesoft. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Yousef Barghouthi Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Mobile computing, software development. - ALPHA system-business and industrial applications, doorstep billing and courier operations. Export Markets: The Middle East 11) Specific Business Interests: Utilities; courier services; banks; industry and commercial use Company Name: Integrated Technology Group Address: P. O. Box Amman 11190, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 461 8133 Fax: 962-6- 461 8115 E-mail: tahabsem@itgsolutions. com Website: www. itgsolutions. com Name: Mr. Walid Tahabsem Contact Person Title: CEO Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Software Solutions & e-Solutions - Web Development - New Media & Visual Productions - Interactive Multimedia Solutions - Hardware Automation. Export Markets: 12) Specific Business Interests: Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) Technologies; e - Solutions; (B2C, B2B); E-learning solutions; WAP, SMS and GPRS solutions; ERP Solutions for(pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries, Auto dealers and car rental companies); Web Development; Interactive Multimedia Solutions; New Media & Visual Production (Computer Graphics & Animation, TV & Video production); Hardware Automation Solutions, in the fields of: irrigation, industrial & domestic applications; outsourcing; localization Company Name: Jordan Data Systems вЂ“ JDS Address: P. O. Box 927060 Amman 11190, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 5502000 Fax: 962-6- 5502020 E-mail: haitham. fanek@jds. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Haitham I. Fanek Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - System integration - System interfacing - Power and environmental systems - Computer support systems data - Communications and software solutions Export Markets: 13) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Menhaj Educational Technologies Address: P. O. Box 636 Amman 11941, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 565 5066 Fax: 962-6- 565 5077 E-mail: ceo@edgestech. com Website: www. menhaj. com Name: Mr. Ghassan Al Lahham Contact Person Title: CEO Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - e-Learning schools and corporate levels - Wireless applications B2B - Online learning - Menhaj - Arrowhead - Koyote Export Markets: 14) Specific Business Interests: Schools; Universities; Learning Institutions; GSM's; Corporations; Health Company Name: National Insurance Administration Co. - NATHEALTH Address: P. O. Box 750 Amman 11953, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 551 1010 Fax: 962-6- 552 0626 E-mail: Sameer_gammoh@nathealth. net Website: www. nathealth. net Name: Mr. Sameer Gammoh Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Claims adjudication - Hospital admission management - Underwriting assistance - Re-insurance assistance - Providing insurance companies as well as re - insurers with viable statistical data Export Markets: 15) Specific Business Interests: Insurance companies; health care providers; self insured funds; re-insurers; public and private sector Company Name: PaymentCentric LLC. Address: P. O. Box 911641 Amman 11191, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 460 1780 Fax: 962-6- 473 3506 E-mail: smubarak@paymentcentric. com Website: www. paymentcentric. com Name: Mr. Sameer Mubarak Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Internet payment gateway - Electronic bill payment solutions - Retail card processing solutions Export Markets: 16) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Specialized Technical Services - STS Address: P. O. Box 950745 Amman 11195, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 580 2626 Fax: 962-6- 582 9213 E-mail: humam. mufti@sts. com. jo Website: www. sts. com. jo Name: Mr. Humam Mufti Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - In UNIX Division: STS offers the latest in Sun and UNIX Technologies and services. - In Networking: products of Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks, Foundry Networks, Corning Cable Systems, and Avaya communications. - In Desktop Publishing: Distributors for Apple Computers, Adobe software, Quark Xpress software and Agfa pre-press systems. In BTech: Microsoft Products and services, Dell and IBM Computers, Genicom Printers and RightFax solutions. - In e-Business: Regional partners for world - leaders in e-Business solutions and platforms: IBM Software, Intershop, Altitude Software, Commerce One, Vignette, and Argus. Furthermore, STS/BUSINESSONE the Regional Master Distributors for Vasco, as well as STS/BUSINESSONEвЂ™s Amman office recently became the first certified VASCO Training Center in the Region Export Markets: 17) Specific Business Interests: Banking and financial sector; Government and public sector; education sector; telecommunications Company Name: IdealSoft Address: P. O. Box 182756 Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5930123 Fax: 962-6-5931476 E-mail: imalhas@idealsoft. com. jo Website: www. idealsoft. com. jo Name: Mr. Imad K. Malhas Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Hospital Information Management Systems - Health Claim Processing Systems - Biometrics & Smart Cards Security and Access Control Systems - Financial Systems Export Markets: 18) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Back Office Support Services it (BOSSit) Address: P. O. Box 182756 Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 962-6- 593 0123 Fax: 962-6- 593 0388 E-mail: mmouasher@boss-it. com Website: www. boss-it. com Name: Mr. Maher Mouasher Contact Person Title: CEO Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: - Customer Relationship Management (CRM) services covering: customer support services on behalf of clients via telephone, email, chat and fax - outbound telesales and surveys; research and analysis, CRM consultancy and training Export Markets: 19) Specific Business Interests: Internet based, click and mortar, and brick and mortar firms who need to outsource part or their entire customer support offering. Company Name: Maktoob Software Address: P. O. Box 950905 Amman 11195, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4613194 Fax: 962-6-4613189 E-mail: samih@maktoob. com Website: www. maktoob. com Name: Mr. Samih Toukan Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: Programming, web services Export Markets: 20) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: ESKADENIA Software Solutions Address: P. O. Box 1555, Amman 111821, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5510717 Fax: 962-6-5510719 E-mail: nael. salah@eskadenia. com Website: www. eskadenia. com Name: Mr. NaвЂ™el Salah Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Information Technology Company Major Activities: Targets expanding business areas in the fields of Information Technology and Wireless Internet. Products and services in different business areas include: - Enterprise Software Solutions - Wireless Solutions - Customer Care and Billing Systems - Internet Solutions Export Markets: 21) Specific Business Interests: Shipping Companies Company Name: Al Jazy Shipping & Forwarding Address: P O Box 921409 Phone: +962 6 5662111 Fax: +962 6 5662112 E-mail: info@aljazy. com Website: www. aljazy. com Name: Bassam M Al Jazy Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Shipping agents, freight forwarding, customs clearance. logistic support Company Major Activities: вЂў Logistic Services вЂў Liner Agents вЂў Tramps Agents вЂў Brokerage & Chartering вЂў Booking Agents вЂў Air Freight вЂў Project Forwarding вЂў Customs Brokers вЂў Int'l Freight Forwarding вЂў Travel Agencies 1) Export Markets: Worldwide Company Name: Maltrans Shipping Agencies Co. Address: Shumaisani P. O. Box 921805 Amman 11192 Jordan Phone: 962 (6) 5665 737 / 962 (6) 5622 308 Fax: 962 (6) 5680 010 / 962 (6) 5665 721 E-mail: Management: maltransgmo@firstnet. com. jo Shipping Dept. maltransuasc@firstnet. com. jo Air Freight Dept. maltransairf@accessme. com. jo Marketing Dept. maltransmkt@firstnet. com. jo Website: http://www. maltrans. com Name: Nabil Khatib Contact Person Title: Chairman - General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Logistical Services Company Major Activities: - Shipping Agencies - Customs Clearance - Trucking - Air Freight - Travel and Tourism Export Markets: 2) Specific Business Interests: - Custom Clearance Trucking - International Freight Forwarding and Shipping Agencies Company Name: Travellers International Address: Kalboneh Center. prince Mohamad st. 3 rd circle. Phone: 962-6-4631163/64 Fax: 962-6-4635331 E-mail: Trv. intl@go. com. jo Website: www. travellers-intl. com Name: Khalil Adwan Contact Person Title: Managing director Sector\Sub-Sector: Event planning / Tourism/ Logistics Company Major Activities: Event planning Conferences and exhibitions Incoming Tourism logistics Export Markets: Europe and the US. 3) Specific Business Interests: Logistics Medical Services & Supplies Company Name: The Arab Pharmaceutical manufacturing Co. ltd. Address: Zahran plaza building,7 th circle,3 rd flour PO Box:1695 Amman 11118 Jordan Phone: 962 6 5802200 Fax: 962 6 5802203 E-mail: info@apm. com. jo Website: www. apm. com. jo Name: Fares Hanania Contact Person Title: Marketing Director Sector\Sub - Sector: Pharmaceutical Industry Company Major Activities: Manufacturing, marketing and selling of pharmaceutical products Export Markets: Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait, Tunisia, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Libya and Algeria 1) Specific Business Interests: Pharmaceutical Industry Company Name: Medical Development & Supply Co. W. L.L Address: Shemesani, Jerusalem Commercial Center, 11 AвЂ™bb Street P. O. Box 830729 Amman 11183 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5669866 Fax: 962-6-5669865 E-mail: mds@go. com. jo Website: Name: Khaled T. Kanaan Contact Person Title: Chairman, General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Medical Healthcare Company Major Activities: Supplying turnkey solutions to healthcare projects, including the procurement of all types of medical and hospital equipment and systems, training of personnel, providing technical engineering and after-sale service support and catering food services. With head offices based in Amman-Jordan, MDS has been operating in Iraq since year 1989. MDS has a registered branch office in Baghdad with fully paid up capital. It's equipment is present in almost all medical centers in all geographic Iraq. Export Markets: IRAQ 2) Specific Business Interests: The support in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of healthcare centers through supplying all types of medical and hospital equipment, supplying of pharma & medicines and other medical supplies, training of personnel, providing technical engineering & service support, supplying catering food services, office automation equipment. Company Name: Advanced Medical Equipment Address: Prince Shaker Bin Zeid Str, Shmesani P. O.Box 222, Amman 11118 - Jordan Phone: T: +962 6 5676175 Fax: F: +962 6 5676 176 E-mail: Ramzi@ame. com. jo Website: www. kawar. com. jo Name: 1- Ramzi zabaneh 2- Adnan Ziadat Contact Person Title: 1- General Manager 2- Deputy General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Healthcare, Medical Equipment Company Major Activities: Turnkey Hospital Engineering projects and renovation existing hospitals Hospital Medical Planning Radiology Medical Equipment Hospital information Systems PACS (Picture Archiving and communication systems) ICU/CCU equipment CSSD equipment Hospital Non-Medical Furniture Ambulances Lab equipment and disposables Respiratory equipment Medical Disposables Export Markets: Yemen Iraq Saudi Sudan Palestine 3) Specific Business Interests: Healthcare Engineering Projects Medical Equipment Tenders Hospital IT solutions Lab equipment and disposables. Company Name: Dar Al Dawa Development and Investment Address: P. O. Box 9364 Amman 11191 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5727132 Fax: 962-6-5727776 E-mail: admin. dad@dadgroup. com Website: www. dadgroup. com Name: Dr Mohammad Al Fityan Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Pharmaceutical Industry Company Major Activities: Manufacturing and Marketing all forms of pharmaceutical products Export Markets: Gulf area, Algeria, African countries and Romania 4) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Hikma Pharmaceuticals Address: P. O. Box 182400 Amman, 11118, Jordan Phone: 962-6-5802900 Fax: 962-6-5817102 E-mail: mrkt@hikma. com Website: www. hikma. com Name: Hana Ramadan Contact Person Title: Training and Development Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Pharmaceuticals for human consumption. Company Major Activities: Manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products Export Markets: Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Lebanon, Yemen, Sudan, Iraq, Libya, Egypt, Qatar, Algeria, Bahrain, UAE, Oman, Syria, Kuwait, Iran, Vietnam, Germany, Sweden, Czech, U. K. Russia, China, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Portugal, U. S. 5) Specific Business Interests: Cooperating with international companies fir licensing. Contract manufacturing. Plastic & Rubber Industry Company Name: Al Ahli Plastic Fac. CO. Address: P. O. Box 850844 Amman 11121, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-4022752/4022751 Fax: 962-6-4022753 E-mail: ahliplast@nets. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Shaker El Taher Contact Person Title: Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Plastic and rubber industries Company Major Activities: - Plastic containers - Medium size plastic containers - Large plastic containers - Polystyrene containers - Plastic molds Export Markets: 1) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Jamil Sahouri and Bros Address: P. O. Box 709 Amman 1118 Jordan Phone: 962-6-4022143/4 Fax: 962-6-4021058 E-mail: Website: Name: R. Osama Sahouri Contact Person Title: Assistant Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Plastic Industries Company Major Activities: вЂў Producing Plastic вЂў Garden furniture вЂў Household items 2) Export Markets: Saudi Arabia, Gaza, West Bank and Qatar Specific Business Interests: Reach other international markets Paper Industry Company Name: National Press/Hani Samman & Co. Address: P. O. Box 310 Amman, 11941 Jordan Phone: 96264200021, 96264201377 Fax: 96264200684 E-mail: info@natpress. com Website: www. natpress. com Name: Mr. Hani Samman Contact Person Title: Director General Sector\Sub-Sector: Printing and paper 1) Company Major Activities: - Photographic writing paper - Paper rolls - Coated paper - Files and paperвЂ™s keeper - Carton trays for eggs - Carbon paper - Envelopes - Printing paper foam - Carton plates - Printing books - Stationery articles for schools/offices - booklets Company Name: Central Press Address: 2 Madaba St. Amman - Jordan Phone: 4779180, 4779179 Fax: 96264745693 E-mail: info@centralpress. jo Website: www. centralpress. jo Name: Mr. Maher Hammad Contact Person Title: Director General Sector\Sub-Sector: Printing and Packaging Company Major Activities: Design, Color separation, typesetting, full color offset printing, finishing (lamination, UV, varnish), Binding (saddle, perfect, sewing, soft cover and hard cover), packing (individual, shrink wrap) Export Markets: Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, others 2) Specific Business Interests: School books printing for ministry of education, and special schools, magazines, diaries, calendars, annual reports, catalogues, manuals, posters, brochures, folders, leaflets etc Company Name: Atlas Paper Industries Co. LTD. Address: P. O. Box 15 Abdulla II Bin Al-Hussein Industrial Estate вЂ“ Sahab Phone: 962-6-4022870/1 Fax: 962-6-4022869 E-mail: info@atlas-paper. com Website: www. atlas-paper. com Name: Tawfiq Abu - Aitah & Marwan Abu - Aitah Contact Person Title: Chairman & Vice Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Paper & Paperboard Company Major Activities: Production of Brown testliner and Fluting Paper 3) Export Markets: Egypt, Iraq and other Arab Countries Company Name: Al - Ekbal Printing and Packaging Address: P. O. Box 350 401 NauвЂ™r 11710 Jordan Phone: 962-6-5728861 Fax: 962-6-5728865 E-mail: printing@ekbal. com Website: www. ekbal. com Name: Engineer Adel Ramez Abou-Dargham Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Printing and packaging Company Major Activities: Manufacturing cigarette boxes, detergent boxes, cosmetic boxes, pharmaceutical boxes, tissue boxes and food boxes. In addition, school books with soft and hard covers, holy Quraan, brochures, catalogues, letter heads, labels and all kinds of printing specialties. Export Markets: Iraq, Sudan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain 4) Specific Business Interests: 1) Book and Magazine Printing 2) Cigarette boxes manufacturing 3) Cosmetic boxes Company Name Arab Paper Converting & Trading Co. Address Marka вЂ“ Ring Road Phone (009626 4911037 вЂ“ 009626 4912290) Fax 009626 4917303 E вЂ“ mail papcot @ firstnet. Com jo Website www. papcot. com Name E. Hasan Shihabi Contact Person Title G. M Sector / Sub вЂ“ Sector Trade & Industrial вЂ“ Paper Products Company Major Activities School Books. Exercise Books. Note Pads. Envelops. Box files. Computer Continuous Forms. Self Carbonized Paper. Colored Paper. Magazines. Cigarettes Boxes. 5) Export Markets Iraq вЂ“ Yemen вЂ“ Sudan - Libya Supply & Food Stuff Industries Company Name: Households & Toiletries Manufacturing Co. Address: Amman вЂ“ Jordan. Dwar El Dakheleye Phone: 00 962 6 5650300 Fax: 00 962 6 5650307 E-mail: htmexport@sukhtian. com. jo Website: www. sukhtian. com Name: Mr. Abed Al Raheem Obeidi Contact Person Title: General Manager / Export Sector\Sub-Sector: Food Industry Company Major Activities: Manufacturing and Exporting Households & Toiletries Manufacturing Our product range includes; Hair Care, Oral Care, Body Care, Baby Care, Detergents, Antiseptics & Disinfectants, Insecticides, Air-fresheners, and Dead-Sea products Export Markets: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Hungary Yemen, Lebanon Syria, Iraq, Sudan Algeria, Libya and Qatar 1) Specific Business Interests: Export Company Name: Aqaba Manufacturing & Refining Vegetable Oils Co. Address: P. O. Box 263, Sahab 11512 - Jordan Phone: +962.6.4023966 Fax: +962.6.4029149 E-mail: aqaba_oil@nets. com. jo Website: Name: Jamal Abu Sneneh Contact Person Title: Deputy General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Manufacturing and refining vegetable oils Company Major Activities: Manufacturing and refining vegetable oils Export Markets: Iraq 2) Specific Business Interests: Export of all types of vegetable oils Company Name: SOFT HYGIENIC PAPER LTD Address: P. O. Box 38 Amman 11118 Jordan Phone: 962-6-566-5300, 568-8451, 568-8452 Fax: 962-6-560-5577 E-mail: softco@index. com. jo Website: Under construction Name: Mr. Marwan Faouri Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Company Major Activities: Soft Hygienic Paper Ltd. is a paper converter and producer of baby diapers and sanitary napkins. Our products include various disposable hygienic products such as facial tissue, toilet tissue, kitchen towels, c-fold hand towels, center pull dispenser towels, dinner and luncheon napkins (serviettes), hospital bed under pads, lady sanitary napkins and baby diapers. Export Markets: None at the present time. 3) Specific Business Interests: We are interested in establishing another factory to produce our line of products in another country in the region, possibly in Iraq. We are also interested in exporting our finished products. Company Name: Al Riyadh Vegetable Oils Mfg. Co. Address: P. O. Box 910538 Amman 11110 Jordan. Phone: 9626-5680048 Fax: 9626-5680043 E-mail: Riyadh01@go. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Hatem El Farhoud Contact Person Title: Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Food supply Company Major Activities: - Soya oil - Sunflower oil - Corn oil - Palm oil - Margarine - shortening Export Markets: 4) Specific Business Interests: Packing & Packaging Company Name: Modern Paper Sacks Industrial Co. Address: Aljeeza Phone: 4725565 -4725564 Fax: 4725246 E-mail: mopico@go. com. jo Website: www. frantschach. com Name: Basem Zabian Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Packing and packaging sector Company Major Activities: Manufacturing paper sacks for cement and powder materials. Export Markets: Iraq. Yemen. Lebanon. Syria. Sudan. Jordan. Oman Saudi Arabia and Egypt. 1) Specific Business Interests: Our interest to contact the cement industry in the region. Company Name: Technical Packaging Company (PETCO Jordan) В® Address: P. O.Box 851490 Sweifieh Amman 11185 Jordan Phone: + 962-6-4460-554/ 6/ 7 Fax: + 962-6-4460-559 E-mail: petco@index. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Karim M. Seikaly Contact Person Title: Manager, Sales & Marketing Sector\Sub-Sector: Packaging Industry and solutions Company Major Activities: Manufacturing of PET containers for the following sectors: Water Sector. Edible Oils. Detergents and body care products. Dead Sea Salts. Agrochemicals. Pharmaceuticals. Juice Bottles. Food Stuff Jars. Export Markets: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Yemen, Qatar, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, and Iraq. 2) Specific Business Interests: Raw materials. Comercio. Company Name: Arab Cardboard Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Address: P. O. Box 15 Abdulla II Bin Al-Hussein Industrial Estate вЂ“ Sahab Phone: 962-6-4022870/1 Fax: 962-6-4022869 E-mail: info@arabcardboard. com Website: www. arabcardboard. com Name: Tawfiq Abu - Aitah & George Abu - Aitah Contact Person Title: Chairman & Vice Chairman Sector\Sub-Sector: Cardboard & Packaging Company Major Activities: вЂў Cardboard Sheets вЂў Cardboard Boxes вЂў Duplex Boxes вЂў E - Flute Paper вЂў Recycling Paper вЂў Single Face B/C/E Flute Rolls 3) Export Markets: Iraq and other Arab Countries Furniture Industry Company Name: Specialized Furniture Est. Address: P. O. Box 334, Jubaiha, Amman 11941 Jordan Phone: 96265669466, 96264126087 Fax: 96264200684 E-mail: maani@maanimanufacturing. com Website: www. manni. com Name: Mr. Omar El Maani Contact Person Title: Director General Sector\Sub-Sector: Furniture Company Major Activities: Metallic office furniture, wooden office furniture, prefabricated buildings hangars, air conditioning units, water coolers, buses, bus bodies, rear truck boxes, rear car boxes, green houses Export Markets: 1) Specific Business Interests: Chemicals Company Name: Meteors Chemicals Co. LTD. Address: P. O. Box 157 Abdulla II Bin Al-Hussein Industrial Estate вЂ“ Sahab Phone: 962-6-4029410 Fax: 962-6-4029411 E-mail: marwan@.com Website: www. aps-me. com Name: Marwan Abu - Aitah Contact Person Title: Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Chemicals Company Major Activities: Producing water based inks - water based varnish and other chemicals 1) Export Markets: Iraq and other Arab Countries Company Name: Nuqul Group Address: P. O.Box 154, Amman 11118, Jordan Fine Building, Sharif Hussein Bin Ali Street Phone: 962-6-4652688 Fax: 962-6-4645669 E-mail: InfoCenter@nuqul. com. jo Website: www. nuqulgroup. com Name: Mr. Ghassan Nuqul Mr. Louay Khatib Contact Person Title: Vice Chairman Iraq Country Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Industrial, construction, trading, food products Company Major Activities: вЂў Hygienic paper (facial tissue, baby diapers, feminine sanitary napkins, toilet rolls, kitchen towels, table napkins, wet wipes) вЂў Stationary paper (photocopy paper, writing pads, fax rolls) вЂў Jumbo paper rolls вЂў Non woven fabric for hygienic and medical applications вЂў Aluminum profiles вЂў Canned and chilled meat products вЂў PVC pipes and fitting вЂў Packaging and printing вЂў Ready mix concrete вЂў Olive and vegetable oils вЂў Plastics вЂў Synthetic foam Export Markets: Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan, Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Congo, South Africa, Sierra-leone Europe: Sweden, France, Hungary, Romania, Ukrain, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, C. I.S. Russia Australia Asia: Philippines, Sir Lanka, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Arab Gulf: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain Middle East: Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Lebanon, Palestine South America: Panama, Brazil United States of America 2) Specific Business Interests: Joint ventures, sub-contracts, supplies, agencies, distribution Company Name: Jordan Sulpho Chemicals Co. Address: P. O. Box 491 Zarqa 13110, Jordan. Phone: 962-5-3653635 Fax: 962-5-3651433 E-mail: joscc@index. com. jo Website: Name: Mr. Najim Hamadi Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Chemical industries Company Major Activities: - Soups - Chemicals Export Markets: 3) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: Jordan CARBONATE CO. Address: P. O. Box 1059, Amman 11118, Jordan. Phone: 962-6-5665517/4905930 Fax: 962-6-5679485/4912930 E-mail: hatahet@go. com. jo Website: www. jc. com. jo Name: Mr. Ayman Hatahit Contact Person Title: Managing Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Chemical Industry Company Major Activities: Producing and exporting various grades of calcium carbonate both natural and related. Export Markets: All Arab countries, South Asia, East Africa, and Europe. 4) Specific Business Interests: Company Name: National Paints Factories Co. Ltd. Address: P. O. Box 533 Abu Alanda, 11592, Jordan Phone: 962-6-4162481/2 Fax: 962-6-4163082 E-mail: npfc@nets. com. jo Website: www. nationalpaints. com Name: Abdul Hadi Blasi Contact Person Title: Export Sales Manager. Sector\Sub-Sector: All kind of paints, resins and powder coatings. 5) Company Major Activities: вЂў Furniture & wood finish paint (Acrylic Polyurethane, Nitrocellulose paints and acid curing. вЂў Industrial & protective coatings (Synthetic, Stoving Enameis) вЂў Building and decorative paints (Emulsion paints, Decorative paints, Enamel paints, Insulation and Protection paints). вЂў Automotive paints, with its different types. вЂў All kinds of purities, pastes thinner and other auxiliary products. вЂў Marine paints which are produced in U. A.E branch. вЂў Resins; Acrylic Emulsion, Styrene Acrylic, Polyster. вЂў The company also produces all kinds and colors of powder coatings, which are Polyster, Epoxy and Hybrid (Epoxy and Polyester) that are used for painting many galvanized and non-galvanized metals, e. g. aluminum and household appliances such as radiators, gas stoves, refrigerators, metal furniture, iron drums and many other items Services Company Name: International Business Legal Associate Address: Alrabiyeh Salem Center P O Box 9028 Amman 11191 Phone: 962 6 5525127/8/9 Fax: 962 6 5527052 E-mail: contact@iblaw. com. jo mmatouk@iblaw. com. jo Website: www. iblaw. com. jo Name: Marwan Matouk Contact Person Title: Administrative and Financial Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Private Sector Company Major Activities: вЂў Policy Reforms and Legislative Drafting вЂў Information and Telecommunication Technology вЂў Corporate and Commercial Practice вЂў Intellectual Property Rights вЂў Trade Agreements вЂў Privatization and Government Procurement вЂў Litigation and dispute Resolution Export Markets: Providing Our Services to international Clients, national Clients out side. 1) Specific Business Interests: All issues pertaining to provision and management of multidisciplinary legal services Company Name: Kawar International for Trade & Development Address: Shmeisani, 24 Al Sharif Abdul Hamid Sharaf Street, P. O. Box 222 Amman 11118 Jordan Phone: 5609500 Fax: 5672170 E-mail: Kawar. international@kawar. com. jo Website: www. kawar. com Name: Osama R. Manna Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Company Major Activities: * Business Development. * Representation of international companies. * Pursuit of national projects. * Some import/export activities on behalf of other companies. Export Markets: We exported to U. K, Ukraine and Lebanon. 2) Specific Business Interests: All business opportunities are welcomed. However, each opportunity is evaluated separately and considered on its own merits. Education Company Name: International Centre for Montessori Education, Ltd Address: P. O.Box 1941, Amman 11821 Jordan Phone: +9626- 5535-190 Ext 152 Fax: +9626- 5535-831 E-mail: marketing@montessori. edu. jo, icme@montessori. edu. jo Website: www. montessori-icme. com Name: Mrs. Randa Al-Hasan Contact Person Title: Chairperson Sector\Sub-Sector: Amman-Jordan 1) Company Major Activities: 1. To market newly written and the most up-to - date Montessori Open Distance Learning (ODL) Courses for Teachers and Parents of young children, taking advantage of the latest methods of delivery and e-Learning through the use of digital technology and the Internet. 2. To establish franchised Montessori schools of the highest standard based on the successful model Modern Montessori School in Amman, Jordan www. montessori. edu. jo 3. To deliver Montessori resource materials which support ICME's clearly defined Montessori curriculum from children in Nursery to students in senior school. 4. As an accrediting Montessori agency to provide a professional, internationally recognized service through which quality Montessori schools may receive recognition based on approved standards 5. Also, the International Centre for Montessori Education (ICME) holds the following in Jordan as well as other countries: вЂў Workshops in Basic Montessori Theory and Montessori Apparatus for children aged 2 ВЅ to 6 years. вЂў Full annual courses concerning Basic Montessori Theory and Montessori Apparatus for children aged 2 ВЅ to 6 years. вЂў Refreshment courses, tutorial reflecting workshops. Company Name: The Jubilee School Address: P. O.Box 830578 Amman 11183 Jordan Phone: +9626- 5238216 Fax: +9626- 5234231 E-mail: jubilee@jubilee. edu. jo Website: Name: Mrs. Abla Zreiqat Contact Person Title: Director Sector\Sub-Sector: Amman-Jordan Company Major Activities: High School Education (education and personality development) 2) Specific Business Interests вЂў School Networking вЂў Curricula Development вЂў Teacher Training and Development Company Name: ExecuTrain of Jordan Address: Queen Rania Al Abdulla St. Abu Al-Haj Commercial Complex, 4 th Floor, Suite 408, PO Box 940108, Amman 11194, Jordan Phone: 00 962 6 5157193 Fax: 00 962 6 5157194 E-mail: info@exectutrain. com. jo Website: www. executrain. com Name: Rula Habash Contact Person Title: General Manager Sector\Sub-Sector: Private Training Center with international presence. Headquarters in the US with 282 locations worldwide. Company Major Activities: Information & Communications Technologies and Business Skills Training and Certification through instructor led classrooms and e-learning portal. Microsoft Certified Education Center (CTEC) Oracle Authorized Education Partner (OAEP) CIW Certified SCP - Security Certified Program ICDL Authorized Training and Testing Center Prometric Authorized Testing Center MOUS Authorized Testing Center Assessments Exams Customized Training Courses Export Markets: 3) Specific Business Interests: Training Royal Thai Embassy, Baghdad (temporary office in Amman) No.33, Al-Hashemeen Street, Abdoun-dirghebar, Amman P. O.BOX 144329, Amman 11814, Jordan. Tel. +(9626) 592-3300, Fax. +(9626) 592-3311 e-mail. thaibgw@mfa. go. th, Website. thaiembassy. org/baghdad

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Saudi Arabia Inc.?

In a recent interview with The Economist . the Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (second in line for the crown), Muhammad bin Salman, mentioned that Saudi Aramco is considering selling shares of the company on Tadawul, the Saudi stock market. His exact words when asked about this were: “This is something that is being reviewed, and we believe a decision will be made over the next few months. I’m enthusiastic about this step. It is in the interest of the Saudi market, and it is in the interest of Aramco, and it is for the interest of more transparency, and to counter corruption, if any, that may be circling around Aramco.”

Shortly thereafter, Saudi Aramco issued a press release that confirmed that the company, “has been studying various options to allow broad public participation in its equity through the listing in the capital markets of an appropriate percentage of the Company’s shares and/or the listing of a bundle of its downstream subsidies.”

Suddenly, the most pressing question for market analysts went from “When will OPEC cut production?” to “How much is Saudi Aramco worth?”

We do know that if Saudi Aramco were to make a public offering as is, it would clearly have the largest market capitalization in the world. A better question for investors to consider is, “If Saudi Aramco does make some sort of public offering, will it be a good investment?” The answer depends largely on the following conditions:

1 will it happen anytime soon?

The Saudis are well known for their careful and deliberate decision-making. The royal family rarely makes swift or abrupt changes, other than in the case of Saudi Arabia’s physical safety. Since this is not an issue of immediate survival we can expect that the Saudis will very deliberately consider whether to IPO Saudi Aramco or some portion of the company. Even if the company’s directors, the oil minister and the royal family decide that a stock offering is in their best interests, they will likely gradually implement it over an even longer period.

As an illustrative comparison, Saudi Arabia first began the process of taking ownership of the American-owned Aramco in 1951, when it requested that a Saudi national be named to the board of directors. In 1959, two Saudis were elected to the board, and in 1973, Saudi Arabia began to purchase shares in the company from its American owners. Finally, in 1980, Saudi Arabia completed the process and purchased the rest of the company for $5 billion (see “Good timing,” below). Saudi Arabia waited 29 years to acquire the company it wanted. For a country that prizes stability and incremental change, it is unlikely that any changes to Saudi Aramco’s ownership will happen quickly. Quickly or over a longer period, Saudi Arabia is likely to choose a time that would maximize the value of any public offering.

2 if Saudi Arabia sells shares in saudi aramco, what kind of offering would it be?

Many analysts believe that Saudi Arabia can dig holes in the ground and pump out oil but little else. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Saudi Aramco is seen as another national oil company, albeit a very big one. However, while Aramco is a national company owned by the royal family, the Saudis operate it more along the lines of public multinational energy companies like ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP and Royal Dutch Shell. Saudi Aramco is a dynamic and diversified enterprise that includes extensive research and development enterprises, venture capital arms, massive petrochemical complexes and domestic and foreign refineries with a global shipping and distribution network and the most high-tech crude oil extraction facilities in the world. All of these diversified energy interests are in addition to Saudi Arabia’s crude oil and natural gas reserves.

It is extremely unlikely that Saudi Arabia will IPO the Aramco parent company, although CEO Khalid al-Falih has mentioned this as a potential avenue. Such a move, even on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul), would entail a degree of financial disclosure that the Saudi royal family would not permit. Saudi Arabia is far more likely to offer shares in some of its subsidiaries or in a bundle of its downstream subsidiaries. That list is large with components constituting significant capital (see “Sum of its parts,” below).

Even if Saudi Arabia does offer shares in some or all of these companies, the initial offering would likely be small, perhaps 10%, and would not dilute Saudi Aramco’s leadership in any significant way.

3 why is Saudi Arabia considering selling shares of aramco subsidiaries?

Despite the media hype, Saudi Arabia is not considering an IPO because the royal family is looking to cash out. There is no evidence that the Saudi royal family is in financial or political trouble. Even if the royal family thought it was in trouble, its best move would be to convert the wealth that is tied up in its energy industry to other assets, like real estate. We also would see Saudi royal family members moving out of the country in large numbers and acquiring permanent residency and citizenship in other countries, if this were true.

Similarly, Saudi Aramco is not looking to raise cash to offset financial problems. Failing shale oil companies in the United States tend to put more shares up for sale to raise cash right before banks review their credit lines in order to make their balance sheets more presentable, but the evidence does not indicate that Aramco is looking for cash. In March 2015, Saudi Aramco signed an agreement with a group of regional and international banks for $10 billion of revolving credit. Even though the price of crude oil is at a 12-year low, Saudi Aramco is selling more oil than ever before, and its refineries are profiting greatly from the low oil prices. The company has vast reserves of foreign currency and does not need more liquid assets at this point in time.

Most probably, Aramco is considering an IPO because the move might benefit the Saudi economy and Saudi Aramco’s relationship with its customers, in the long term. Any IPO would take place on the Saudi stock exchange, which opened last year and has not done well. Putting up shares from the Kingdom’s most profitable enterprise (even if just from less prestigious subsidiaries) would help lift the value and the popularity of the Saudi stock market.

An IPO on the Saudi exchange also would enable Saudi citizens to share in the Kingdom’s wealth, an approach that fits the Saudi family’s ruling philosophy. Bedouin tradition calls on the leader of the tribe to demonstrate his power and strength by providing for the needs of the people and the people expect the leader to provide for them. After Abdul Aziz ibn Saud united the different regions of Saudi Arabia under his control, the revenues he later received from Aramco enabled him to provide material benefits like healthcare, education, electricity and clean water for his people. Even today, the King provides benefits such as global education and occasional financial stipends to his subjects. A modern extension of this Bedouin practice might be to make shares available to the King’s subjects, perhaps even with some favorable options for Saudi citizens. This practice is not unique to Bedouins in the oil industry; in 2010, it was reported that 8% of all British pension income came from ownership of BP shares.

It also would benefit Saudi Arabia to offer shares in Aramco subsidiaries to foreign investors. Saudi Aramco’s primary customers are in the United States, Europe, China and India. Stock offerings, even those for less prestigious subsidiaries and perhaps at prices prohibitive for the casual investor, would benefit the company by providing an avenue for its best customers to have a stake in the company and the country’s success. Many of the subsidiaries under consideration for public offering are joint ventures with China, one of Saudi Aramco’s largest crude oil purchasers. If Saudi Aramco’s top customers also own shares in the refineries located in their countries and in the trading unit they purchase products from, these customers will see Saudi Aramco’s success as their own success.

4 is Saudi Arabia politically stable?

The Middle East is one of the most politically volatile regions in the world. However, Saudi Arabia is one of the most stable countries in the Middle East. Since its establishment in 1932, the Saudi family has never faced a succession crisis or a coup. Over the years, the country has dealt with internal terrorist activities — as have most Western nations — but largely has been immune to the political instability of the Arab Spring. Much has been made of the generational transition between the current King, who is the last of Abdul Aziz ibn Saud’s sons to rule the country, and the Crown Prince, who will be the first of Abdul Aziz’s grandson’s to rule. However, the family’s political structure is such that the “next generation” has been participating in the country’s governance for years. This ensures that the generational transition will likely be as seamless as previous transitions.

Saudi society is undeniably foreign and brutal to the outsider’s eye. The Saudi justice system includes punishments — beheadings, lashings and amputations — that the Western world considers barbaric. The strictures governing the separation of men and women are misogynistic and Islamic devotion is ever-present. However, the heavy handed totalitarianism coupled with the barren geography, the small and largely homogenous population and the traditional material generosity of the leaders to the subjects are all reasons a coup is unlikely. Moreover, regardless of the religious fundamentalism, Saudis have always run Aramco outside of these traditional dictates. Saudi Aramco’s headquarters in Dhahran look and feel like any other modern, Western company. In short, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Aramco are as stable as any other investment.

Conclusión

Ultimately, whether or not Saudi Arabia offers shares in its most important asset, and in what form, will be a decision the monarchy and the company make for their best interests. Will investing in Saudi Aramco be a good decision? Saudi Aramco’s vision is to become the world’s leading energy and chemical enterprise. In its 35 years of Saudi ownership the company has pursued this dream with relentless success. If the past is any indication of the future, Saudi Aramco’s future looks promising.

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